Co@Au_n(n=1～8)团簇的几何结构和电子性质的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函PW91方法研究了Co@Au_n（n=1～8）团簇的平衡结构、稳定性和磁矩.结构优化显示Co原子在低能异构体中趋于占据最高配位位置,基态Co@Au_n（n=2～6）团簇为二维结构,Co@Au₇和Co@Au8转变为三维结构.原子平均结合能、二阶能量差分及HOMO-LUMO能级间隙分析表明掺杂Co原子提高了金团簇的稳定性,改变了金团簇能级间隙的奇偶振荡性,n=5为掺杂团簇的幻数.磁矩的计算揭示Co@Au_n团簇的磁性主要源于Co原子的3d轨道.     

密度泛函理论研究ZrnCo(m=1-13)团簇的结构和磁性

利用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似对ZrnCo(n=1-13)团簇进行了结构优化、能量和频率的计算,研究了ZrnCo团簇的平衡几何结构、稳定性、电子性质和磁性.结果表明:Zr4Co,Zr7Co,Zr9Co和Zr12Co团簇的基态稳定性较高,是幻数团簇,尤其是Zr12Co团簇基态为Ih对称性的二十面体结构且稳定性特别高.ZrnCo团簇的磁矩随尺寸的变化可以分三个阶段:n=1-3有稳定的磁矩,从n=4开始磁矩出现振荡性的猝灭,直至n≥8磁矩完全猝灭.体系的磁矩主要来自局域d电子的贡献,ZrnCo团簇磁矩发生猝灭的主要原因是电荷转移和强烈的spd杂化效应.同时发现,过渡金属掺杂在不同特性材料中所形成的团簇体系,其结构、稳定性和磁性有些非常有意思的相似,如TMX12(TM代表过渡金属Fe或Co,X代表Si和Be)团簇、Zr13TM团簇.对此,值得进一步研究.     

Co_2B_n(n=1-8)团簇几何结构的密度泛函理论研究

受到小型环状和管状的双金属掺杂硼团簇的启发,采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311+G(d)水平下对Co_2B_n(n=1-8)团簇的几何结构、相关稳定性、电子性质和磁性进行了的研究.研究结果表明:当n≤5时,团簇的最低能量结构为平面结构.当6≤n≤8时,团簇的最低能量结构为立体结构.对团簇的平均原子结合能、二阶差分能量、HOMO-LUMO能隙、垂直电子亲和能、垂直电离能和化学硬度分析结果表明,Co2B_7具有幻数特征.对Co_2B_n(n=1-8)团簇的总磁矩计算表明其和团簇的自旋态有很强的关系,而且团簇的总磁矩主要由钴原子的3d轨道所贡献.     

CoAlN(N=2-11)团簇基态结构的稳定性和磁性

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(GGA),对CoAlN(N=2-11)团簇进行构型优化和磁性计算.在考虑自旋多重度的情况下得到了团簇的平衡构型及基态结构,并重点讨论了Co原子的sp-d杂化效应对体系稳定性和磁性的影响.结果表明:N为偶数时,团簇的基态为自旋双重态,Co原子磁矩随N增加整体上呈减小趋势;N为奇数时(除N=5为自旋三重态外),团簇的基态为自旋单重态,Co原子磁矩为零.N≥8时,Co原子陷入主团簇内部,体系的对称性降低,稳定性增强;轨道杂化增强了体系的稳定性,但减小了双重态和三重态体系中Co原子的磁矩;N=3,8,10是团簇CoAlN(N=2.11)的幻数.     

YnN(n=2-12)团簇的结构与性质研究

在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似（GGA）的方法研究YnN（n=2-12）团簇的电子结构,系统计算了它们的基态束缚能Be（eV）、最高占据轨道（HOMO）与最低未占据轨道（LUMO）之间的能隙、二阶能量差分 (au)、离解能 (au)、团簇的总磁矩Mt（ ）,最近邻N原子的Y原子所带的局域电荷QY（C）和磁矩MY（ ）、掺杂原子N所带的局域电荷QN（C）和磁矩MN（ ）。研究表明,Y6N、Y8N、Y10N的基态具有较高稳定性;对于YnN（n=2-12）的所有团簇,电荷总是由Y原子转移到N原子,YnN（n=2-12）团簇中Y—N表现为离子键的性质;当n=3,4,5,9,10,11,12时,团簇的磁矩为零,团簇的磁性消失,当n=2,6,7,8时,团簇具有磁性,其中n=6时,团簇的磁性最强。     

Ge_nMn(n≤8)团簇的电子结构与磁性的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论下广义梯度近似方法,对Mn掺杂Ge基半导体团簇Ge_nMn(n≤8)的结构与磁性进行了理论研究.结果表明:Ge_nMn(n≤8)的最稳定构型与相应的Ge_(n+1)团簇相似.Mn掺杂后团簇的原子平均结合能与纯锗团簇比较近似;能量二次差分表明:Ge_3Mn和Ge_5Mn团簇较相邻团簇表现出较高的稳定性;当n=1,3和6时,HMO-LUMO能隙较大,n=2时,能隙较小,说明GeMn、Ge_3Mn和Ge_6Mn具有相对较好的化学稳定性,而Ge_2Mn具有较高的化学活性.对Ge_nMn(n≤8)团簇的磁性研究发现,除Ge_8Mn的总磁矩为1μB外,其他团簇的总磁矩均为3μB,且团簇的磁性主要来源于Mn原子.     

密度泛函理论研究Bn Ni(n=6-12)团簇的结构和磁性

基于第一性原理,用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,GGA)方法,在充分考虑自旋多重度的前提下,优化并得到了Bn(n=6一12)和BnNi(n=6-12)团簇的平衡构型,按照能量最低原理确定其基态结构.Bn团簇的计算结果与已有的理论结果相一致.当Ni原子掺杂在Bn团簇中,B12Ni团簇的基态结构为平面结构,其余均为三维结构.基态结构的自旋多重度除了n=8以外呈现2,l交替的规律.计算团簇基态结构的平均结合能(Eb)、团簇能量的二阶差分(△2 E)和能隙(HOMO.I.UMO,gap)均表明,l=8为B.Ni(,l=6一12)团簇的幻数,即B8Ni团簇较相邻团簇稳定.计算团簇的磁矩表明B8Ni团簇磁矩最大(2цB),团簇总磁矩和平均磁矩随团簇尺寸增大呈现奇偶振荡趋势且磁矩主要由Ni原子的3d轨道提供.     

YnN(n=2-12)团簇的结构与性质研究

在密度泛函理论框架下，用广义梯度近似（GGA）的方法研究YnN（n=2-12）团簇的电子结构，系统计算了它们的基态束缚能Be（eV）、最高占据轨道（HOMO）与最低未占据轨道（LUMO）之间的能隙、二阶能量差分 (au)、离解能 (au)、团簇的总磁矩Mt（ ），最近邻N原子的Y原子所带的局域电荷QY（C）和磁矩MY（ ）、掺杂原子N所带的局域电荷QN（C）和磁矩MN（ ）。研究表明，Y6N、Y8N、Y10N的基态具有较高稳定性；对于YnN（n=2-12）的所有团簇，电荷总是由Y原子转移到N原子，YnN（n=2-12）团簇中Y—N表现为离子键的性质；当n=3，4，5，9，10，11，12时，团簇的磁矩为零，团簇的磁性消失，当n=2，6，7，8时，团簇具有磁性，其中n=6时，团簇的磁性最强。     

GenMn(n=1-13)团簇的稳定结构、电子性质和磁性研究

基于全电子的密度泛函理论,对GenMn (n=1-13)团簇的结构和电子、磁特性进行了研究,结果表明：GenMn(n=1-7)团簇的最稳定结构是在Gen+1团簇的最稳态结构的基础上用Mn原子替代一个角位的Ge原子获得;纯锗团簇的稳态结构为空心的笼状或扁长的棒状构型,而GenMn(n=8-13)趋于以二十面体为基础生长,即掺杂Mn可以使锗团簇趋于密实结构生长;除Ge3Mn团簇的总磁矩是5μB外,其他掺杂团簇总磁矩都是3μB或1μB,而且主要是由Mn原子3d轨道电子提供的,且3d轨道的磁矩大小与4s,3d轨道间电子的转移程度有着直接的关系;计算得到的Mn原子居于中心的六棱柱形结构的Ge12Mn团簇,无论是几何结构还是化学活性方面都是最稳定的．     

Co_mAl_n(m+n≤6)团簇的结构和磁性理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(DFT-GGA)对ComAln(m+n 6)合金团簇进行了系统的几何、电子结构和磁性质研究.研究结果发现ComAln(m+n 6)团簇最稳定结构倾向于形成Co—Al成键数最多的构型,其中的Co—Al二元合金团簇的最稳定结构类似于纯钴团簇.随着Al原子数的增多,团簇的平均磁矩呈线性降低趋势.ComAl(m=2—5)团簇的总磁矩均比Com+1团簇的小4μB,与实验上对较大CoNAlM团簇的磁性检测结果获得了很好地符合.ComAln团簇磁性的降低主要归因于非磁性Al元素的掺入以及Al掺杂后Co原子的整体自旋极化减弱.     

Geometries,stabilities, electronic and magnetic properties of small PdnIr (n = 1–8) clusters from first-principles calculations

The geometrical structures, relative stabilities, electronic and magnetic properties of small Pd_nIr (n = 1–8) clusters have been systematically investigated using density functional theory at the B3PW91 level. The optimised geometries show that the lowest-energy structures of Pd_nIr clusters prefer a three-dimensional configuration. The relative stability of these clusters was examined by analysis of the binding energies per atom, fragmentation energies, the second-order difference of energies and the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps as a function of cluster size. The obtained results exhibit that the Pd₂Ir, Pd₃Ir and Pd₅Ir clusters are more stable than their neighbouring clusters. The energy gap of the Pd₂Ir cluster is the largest of all the clusters (2.258 eV). In addition, the charge transfers, vertical ionisation potentials, vertical electron affinities and chemical hardness were calculated and discussed. The magnetism calculations indicate that the total magnetic moment of Pd_nIr clusters is mainly localised on the iridium atom for Pd_1–6Ir clusters. Meanwhile, the 5d orbital plays the key role in the magnetic moment of the iridium atom.     

AunLa(n=1-8)团簇的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论（DFT）中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在LANL2DZ基组水平上研究了AunLa (n=1-8)团簇的几何结构。计算并讨论了基态结构稳定性及电子性质。结果表明,当n=3-8时,基态结构均为三维结构且La原子趋向与更多的Au原子结合。团簇二阶能量差分,能隙和化学硬度计算结果显示除了AuLa外,具有偶数数目的团簇比奇数数目的团簇具有更好的稳定性,其中,Au3La团簇的稳定性相对较好。     

AunLa(n=1~8)团簇的密度泛函研究简

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在LANL2DZ基组水平上研究了Aun La(n=1~8)团簇的几何结构.计算并讨论了基态结构稳定性及电子性质.结果表明,当n=3-8时,基态结构均为三维结构且La原子趋向与更多的Au原子结合.团簇二阶能量差分,能隙和化学硬度计算结果显示除了AuLa外,具有偶数数目的团簇比奇数数目的团簇具有更好的稳定性,其中,Au3La团簇的稳定性相对较好.     

密度泛函理论研究BnNi(n=6—12)团簇的结构和磁性

基于第一性原理,用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,GGA)方法,在充分考虑自旋多重度的前提下,优化并得到了B_n(n=6—12)和B_nNi(n=6—12)团簇的平衡构型,按照能量最低原理确定其基态结构. B_n团簇的计算结果与已有的理论结果相一致. 当Ni原子掺杂在B_n团簇 关键词： nNi团簇')" href="#">B_nNi团簇 基态结构 磁性     

Density functional theory study of MgnNi2 （n=1-6） clusters

The geometries of Mg n Ni 2(n = 1-6) clusters are studied by using the hybrid density functional theory(B3LYP) with LANL2DZ basis sets.For the ground-state structures of Mg n Ni 2 clusters,the stabilities and the electronic properties are investigated.The results show that the groundstate structures and symmetries of Mg clusters change greatly due to the Ni atoms.The average binding energies have a growing tendency while the energy gaps have a declining tendency.In addition,the ionization energies exhibit an odd-even oscillation feature.We also conclude that n = 3,5 are the magic numbers of the Mg n Ni 2 clusters.The Mg 3 Ni 2 and Mg 5 Ni 2 clusters are more stable than neighbouring clusters,and the Mg 4 Ni 2 cluster exhibits a higher chemical activity.     

Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of gold-magnesium (AunMg) bimetallic clusters

The geometrical structures, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Au_nMg (n=1-8) clusters have been systematically investigated by means of first-principle density functional theory. The results show that the ground-state isomers have planar structures for n=1-7. Here, the calculated fragmentation energies, the second-order difference of energies, the highest occupied-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, and the hardness exhibit a pronounced odd-even alternation, manifesting that the clusters, especially Au₂Mg, with even-number gold atoms have a higher relative stability. On the basis of natural population analysis, the charge transfer and magnetic moment are also discussed.     

Geometrical, electronic, and magnetic properties of small AunSc (n=1-8) clusters

Geometrical, electronic, and magnetic properties of the Sc-doped gold clusters, Au_nSc (n=1-8), have been studied using the density-functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. An extensive structural search shows that the Sc atom in low-energy Au_nSc isomers tends to occupy the most highly coordinated position. The substitution of a Sc atom for an Au atom in the Au_n+1 cluster markedly changes the structure of the host cluster. Moreover, we confirm that the ground-state Au₆Sc cluster has a distortion to a lower D_2h symmetry. The relative stabilities and electronic properties of the lowest-energy Au_nSc clusters are analyzed based on the averaged binding energies, second-order energy differences, fragmentation energies, chemical hardnesses, and HOMO-LUMO gaps. It is found that the magic Au₃Sc cluster can be perceived as a superatom with high chemical stability and its HOMO-LUMO gap is larger than that of the closed-shell Zr@Au₁₄ cluster. The high symmetry and spin multiplicity of the Au₃Sc and Au₆Sc clusters are responsible for their large vertical ionization potential and electron affinity. The magnetism calculations indicate that the magnetic moment of the Sc atom in the ground-state Au_nSc (n=2-8) clusters gradually decreases for even n and is completely quenched for odd n.     

Structural,electronic and magnetic properties of gold cluster doped with calcium: Au n Ca (n = 1–8)

The geometrical structures, relative stabilities, electronic and magnetic properties of calcium-doped gold clusters Au _n Ca (n?=?1–8) have been systematically investigated by employing density functional method at the BP86 level. The optimised geometries show that the ground-state structures are planar structures for Au _n Ca (n?=?3–8) clusters. Ca-substituted Au _{n +1} clusters, as well as Au-capped Au _{n ?1}Ca clusters, are dominant growth patterns for the Au _n Ca clusters. The relative stabilities of Au _n Ca clusters for the ground-state structures are analysed based on the averaged binding energies, fragmentation energies and second-order difference of energies. The calculated results reveal that the Au₂Ca isomer is the most stable structure for small size Au _n Ca (n?=?1–8) clusters. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps as a function of the cluster size exhibit a pronounced even–odd alternation phenomenon. Subsequently, charge transfers and magnetic moment of Au _n Ca (n?=?1–8) clusters have been analysed further.