在江苏省“五严规定”背景下高中物理教学的现状及思考

在江苏省"五严规定"背景下,结合我校物理教学的现状,以及对解决问题所提出的相应对策,以期对当前高中物理教学有效策略进行探讨.     

物理实验与研究性学习的选题

教育改革"改"什么?旧的教育模式有一个比较明显的特点:能抓住基础知识,针对每一个知识点按一定的模式编排对应的习题.然后,让学生使用一定的"套路"来练习解题,使学生在解题过程中掌握知识及运用知识的一些方法.应该说,这种教学方法在基础知识的教学中有其明显的优点,能够使学生牢记规律和概念,在一般情况下,能比较合理地解释它们的含义并运用它们解决问题.     

运用不同的物理思想解决同一问题

学习物理，就是培养我们运用物理思想解决问题的能力，学会观察，学会描述，学会分析物体的运动，不断增强解决问题的能力．     

图象在物理教学中的作用

利用图象研究物理规律，具有形象直观，物理动态过程清晰等优点．它可以培养学生分析和运用图象解决问题的能力，对帮助学生认识物理规律，理解物理概念都是十分必要的．     

浅谈学生发散思维能力的培养

中学物理应注重发散思维的教学和辅导,这是时代的要求,也是适应未来"智力社会"的需要.发散思维具有多端性、变通性、独特性的特点,即思考问题时注重多途径(不同的物理规律)、多方案(不同的实验原理),解决问题时注重举一反三,触类旁通.物理教学除了让学生掌握一定的物理知识和实验技能外,更重要的是培养和拓展学生的发散思维能力.     

注重“溯源”教学 培养创新思维

中学物理难学,已成广大师生之共识.造成这一原因是多方面的,但是,其中一个很重要的原因是把知识传授和结果看得太重,科学方法指导和思维能力的培养没有得到充分的重视.正如爱因斯坦所指出的:"科学的结论几乎是以完成的形式出现在读者面前,读者体验不到探索和发现的喜悦,感觉不到思想形成的生动过程,也很难达到清楚地解释全部情况."如何有效地发展学生的创造性思维能力和解决问题的能力,显然是教学所要研究的重要问题.笔者认为"溯源"教学能有效地发展学生的创造性思维能力和解决问题能力的一条有效途径.下面,根据几年来在实际教学中如何注重"溯源"教学谈一些看法.     

高中物理情境教学探讨

1创设问题情境激发学生的学习兴趣思维是从问题开始的.在物理教学中,物理教师要充分利用学生好奇心强的特点,有意识地创设良好的问题情境,创设解决问题的矛盾冲突,激发学生探索的兴趣,让学生发现解决问题的办法,从而做好学生的引导人.问题情境的设置应该是一个连续的、完整的过程,不断激发学习动机,使学生一直处于思考的状态中,最终获取新知识.例如,在讲解"电     

程序式习题教学的实践与体会

通过较简单、思维水平要求不高的习题的训练,学生掌握了基本的解题思维后,需要进一步提高学生分析解决综合问题的能力.对综合能力的要求,考试说明中明确指出:"能够独立地对所遇到的问题进行具体分析、研究,弄清其中的物理状态、物理过程和物理情境,找出起重要作用的因素及有关条件;能够把一个复杂问题分解为若干较简单的问题,找出它们之间的联系;能够提出解决问题的方法,运用物理知识综合解决所遇到的问题."     

高中物理习题课教学探讨

很多高中学生感觉学物理难,主要难在运用物理知识解决问题上.常常是"一听就懂,一看就会,一做就错".     

电化学知识在理科综合题中的应用

"3+理综"是"3+X"高考科目试行方案之一,其中理科综合考试是以能力测试为主导,考查学生所学相关科目的基础知识、基本技能的掌握程度和运用这些基础知识解决问题的能力.其命题的原则中有一条是以能力立意替代知识立意,打破传统的封闭的学科观念,在考查学科能力的同时,注意考查跨学科的综合能力.     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Fano-type features in magnetoabsorption in semiconductors

It is shown that bulk semiconductors exhibit strongly asymmetric Fano-type resonance profiles in magnetoabsorption processes involving the formation of hot electron-hole pairs (EHPs) and accompanied by the scattering of the EHPs by defects. This result is valid for transitions to electronic states with large Landau quantum numbers, when the Coulomb interaction plays a small role. The physical reason for such a sharp change in the magnetoabsorption coefficient as compared with the expected result for the ordinary density of states in a quantizing magnetic field is that the electronic excitations are quasi-one-dimensional. The form of the resonance absorption is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 8, 619–622 (25 April 1996)     

High spin states in106in

High spin states have been investigated by the reaction⁹⁰Zr(¹⁹F, 3nγ), using an Anticompton spectrometer device, for the nucleus¹⁰⁶In, for which no in-beamγ-spectroscopic information was available up to now. A level scheme has been constructed up to anI =(13,14) state.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.     

Universal scaling in BCS superconductivity in three dimensions in non-s waves

The solutions of a renormalized BCS equation are studied in three space dimensions in s, p and d waves for finite-range separable potentials in the weak to medium coupling region. In the weak-coupling limit, the present BCS model yields a small coherence length and a large critical temperature, , appropriate for some high- materials. The BCS gap, , and specific heat as a function of zero-temperature condensation energy are found to exhibit potential-independent universal scalings. The entropy, specific heat, spin susceptibility and penetration depth as a function of temperature exhibit universal scaling below in p and d waves. Received: 18 July 1997 / Revised: 8 September 1997 / Accepted: 29 September 1997     

Supergravity in theory in 11 dimensions

We present the action and transformation laws of supergravity in 11 dimensions which is expected to be closely related to the O(8) theory in 4 dimensions after dimensional reduction.     

Uncertainty in prediction and in inference

The concepts of uncertainty in prediction and inference are introduced and illustrated using the diffraction of light as an example. The close relationship between the concepts of uncertainty in inference and resolving power is noted. A general quantitative measure of uncertainty in inference can be obtained by means of the so-called statistical distance between probability distributions. When applied to quantum mechanics, this distance leads to a measure of the distinguishability of quantum states, which essentially is the absolute value of the matrix element between the states. The importance of this result to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle is noted. The second part of the paper provides a derivation of the statistical distance on the basis of the so-called method of support.