基于液晶纯相位光调制器的4f系统去噪方法

分析了4f系统的噪声来源,提出使用液晶空间光调制器实时去除系统噪声.通过使用Zemike多项式拟合透镜等光学器件引入的像差,根据液晶纯相位光调制器利用位相共轭波进行静态波面校正的工作原理,提出了一种新的相位校正算法,模拟仿真美国BNS公司反射式256×256纯相位液晶空间光调制器,通过重构并逼近畸变波面,产生相位共轭波...     

Binocular adaptive optics vision analyzer with full control over the complex pupil functions

We present a binocular adaptive optics vision analyzer fully capable of controlling both amplitude and phase of the two complex pupil functions in each eye of the subject. A special feature of the instrument is its comparatively simple setup. A single reflective liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator working in pure phase modulation generates the phase profiles for both pupils simultaneously. In addition, another liquid crystal spatial light modulator working in transmission operates in pure intensity modulation to produce a large variety of pupil masks for each eye. Subjects perform visual tasks through any predefined variations of the complex pupil function for both eyes. As an example of the system efficiency, we recorded images of the stimuli through the system as they were projected at the subject's retina. This instrument proves to be extremely versatile for designing and testing novel ophthalmic elements and simulating visual outcomes, as well as for further research of binocular vision.     

Closed-loop adaptive optics in the human eye

We have developed a prototype apparatus for real-time closed-loop measurement and correction of aberrations in the human eye. The apparatus uses infrared light to measure the wave-front aberration at 25 Hz with a Hartmann-Shack sensor. Defocus is removed by a motorized optometer, and higher-order aberrations are corrected by a membrane deformable mirror. The device was first tested with an artificial eye. Correction of static aberrations takes approximately five iterations, making the system capable of following aberration changes at 5 Hz. This capability allows one to track most of the aberration dynamics in the eye. Results in living eyes showed effective closed-loop correction of aberrations, with a residual uncorrected wave front of 0.1microm for a 4.3-mm pupil diameter. Retinal images of a point source in different subjects with and without adaptive correction of aberrations were estimated in real time. The results demonstrate real-time closed-loop correction of aberration in the living eye. An application of this device is as electro-optic "spectacles" to improve vision.     

Grayscale-Memory Spatial Light Modulator with Polymer-Dispersed Phase-Transition Liquid Crystal

A new storage-type spatial light modulator has been developed which uses a polymer-dispersed phase-transition liquid crystal film and a photoconductor for high-brightness projection displays. The liquid crystal film containing micrometer-sized chiral nematic liquid crystal domains subdivided by a unique honeycomb polymer network functions as a memory layer for an input image. The liquid crystal domains independently maintain the binary alignment states in the opaque (light-scattering) cholesteric phase or transparent nematic phase. Grayscale images can be displayed according to the spatial distribution of the bistable liquid crystal domains. The device exhibits rapid response of a few ms and a limiting resolution of 32 lp/mm. It has the advantages of high transmittance without polarizers and ease of fabrication due to the free-standing liquid crystal film.     

MEMS-based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

We have developed a compact, robust adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscope using a microelectromechanical (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM). Facilitated with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, the MEMS-DM-based AO operates a closed-loop modal wave aberration correction for the human eye and reduces wave aberrations in most eyes to below 0.1 microm rms. Lateral resolution is enhanced, and images reveal a clear cone mosaic near the foveal center. The significant increase in throughput allows for a confocal pinhole whose diameter is less than the Airy disc of the collection lens, thereby fully exploiting the axial resolution capabilities of the system.     

Retinal axial focusing and multi-layer imaging with a liquid crystal adaptive optics camera

With the help of adaptive optics(AO) technology, cellular level imaging of living human retina can be achieved.Aiming to reduce distressing feelings and to avoid potential drug induced diseases, we attempted to image retina with dilated pupil and froze accommodation without drugs. An optimized liquid crystal adaptive optics camera was adopted for retinal imaging. A novel eye stared system was used for stimulating accommodation and fixating imaging area. Illumination sources and imaging camera kept linkage for focusing and imaging different layers. Four subjects with diverse degree of myopia were imaged. Based on the optical properties of the human eye, the eye stared system reduced the defocus to less than the typical ocular depth of focus. In this way, the illumination light can be projected on certain retina layer precisely.Since that the defocus had been compensated by the eye stared system, the adopted 512 × 512 liquid crystal spatial light modulator(LC-SLM) corrector provided the crucial spatial fidelity to fully compensate high-order aberrations. The Strehl ratio of a subject with-8 diopter myopia was improved to 0.78, which was nearly close to diffraction-limited imaging. By finely adjusting the axial displacement of illumination sources and imaging camera, cone photoreceptors, blood vessels and nerve fiber layer were clearly imaged successfully.     

High Efficiency Electrically-Addressable Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator

To realize a high efficiency electrically addressable phase-only modulator, we have coupled a liquid crystal display (LCD) to an optically addressed parallel-aligned nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator (PAL-SLM) with a set of lenses. Phase modulation exceeding 3ϖ at 532 nm wavelength was obtained. We obtained linear transfer characteristics for phase modulation at various desired phase levels after calibration and adjustment of the transfer characteristics of the PAL-SLM and the LCD. Diffraction efficiency of 40% for binary phase grating and of 90% for 8-level blazed phase grating, which were very close to the simulation values, were observed. The power loss of the readout light was caused when passed through a half mirror, therefore, we examined a setup using an oblique readout light at the modulator. Very high diffraction efficiency was obtained from the setup by optimizing the polarization direction and optical path for this light, and the orientation of liquid crystals. Since the modulator can perform at better than 90% diffraction efficiency and at nearly 100% reflectivity, various high efficiency systems utilizing such modulators are expected.     

反射式电寻址红外切变聚合物网络液晶空间光调制器

为了给高帧频红外成像导引头半实物仿真提供高帧频、宽光谱、大动态范围的红外场景,利用切变聚合物网络液晶(SPNLC)电光调制机理制作了反射式电寻址SPNLC空间光调制器.通过LabView编写控制程序,利用计算机并口数据寄存器和控制寄存器为译码放大电路提供写入信号,驱动SPNLC盒各像素,实现红外图像的显示.实验得到厚度为13 μm的反射式电寻址红外SPNLC空间光调制器,当入射辐射的黑体温度为300℃,驱动电压为60 V时,测得样机所显示的几幅长波红外图像(8 μm～12 μm) 的帧频为100 Hz,输出最大温差大于15℃.     

双小凹光学成像系统设计

随着科技发展, 如何解决大视场和高分辨率之间的矛盾成为了众多科技人员的研究重心之一, 本文提出了双小凹成像系统的概念, 在传统仿真人眼的单小凹成像系统的基础上, 通过引入反射式液晶空间光调制器对光学系统进行两个视场内波像差的调制, 改善对应的像差, 从而实现了大视场内低分辨率成像的条件下, 在两个特定的视场内满足高分辨率成像, 因此可解决大视场和高分辨率的矛盾.本文通过设计一个参考波长为587 nm, 视场为60° (即± 30°),F数为F/8, 焦距为60 mm的双小凹光学成像系统, 并利用CODE V软件模拟仿真实现了5°和17°双视场高分辨率成像, 其余视场低分辨率成像, 并以32×32的采样分辨率计算了该系统的衍射效率, 验证了设计方法的科学性和准确性.     

Tunable fiber ring laser with an intracavity high resolution filter employing two-dimensional dispersion and LCoS modulator

We demonstrate a tunable fiber ring laser employing a two-dimensional dispersion arrangement filter, with the lasing determined by a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator. Lasing wavelengths can be tuned discontinuously across the communication C-band at an addressable resolution of less than 200 MHz. We introduce full characterization of the laser output including phase and amplitude stability and short and long-term bandwidth measurements.     

用SVGA1薄膜晶体管液晶显示器矫正人眼波像差

在研究了SVGA1薄膜晶体管液晶显示器（TFT LCD）的位相调制特性的基础上,用它作为眼波像差的矫正器件,在用哈特曼-夏克波前传感器的眼像差测量系统中对眼波像差进行了成功的矫正.对于5.2 mm的瞳孔,矫正后人眼波像差的PV值降低了3倍多,并接近瑞利判据的像差容限.对系统的光学传递函数(MTF)的分析说明,经波像差矫正后眼的空间分辨率由17 c/deg提高到38 c/deg.     

液晶空间光调制器相位调制测量及波前校正

提供了一种简单且精度较好的测量液晶空间光调制器相位调制特性的方法,即相位与电压(灰度)之间的关系。采用数字波面移相干涉仪,由干涉仪直接给出不同灰度对应的相位差,从而得到液晶空间光调制器的相位调制曲线。利用液晶空间光调制器实现了波前校正。由干涉仪作波前测试,对待校正的畸变波前进行泽尼克多项式描述,根据液晶空间光调制器的相位与灰度的关系,产生相应的灰度图,获得畸变波前的共轭波前,从而完成静态波前的校正,使相关参数如PV值、RMS值和Strehl比值得到了改善。     

高阶涡旋光束生成技术研究

应用液晶空间光调制器加载螺旋相位片的方法可以高效地生成涡旋光束,但由于液晶空间光调制器分辨率有限,在加载高阶螺旋相位片时其中心会出现相位失真,造成涡旋光束质量不高。通过在螺线相位片中心区域引入闪耀光栅的方法,得到了光束质量较高的高阶单模涡旋光束和多模涡旋光束,为生成高阶涡旋光束提供了一种很好的方法。     

彩色全息显示中液晶空间光调制器位相调制偏差的矫正方法

采用三基色激光照明并结合时分复用或空间复用技术,可实现基于液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)的彩色全息显示.但由于在不同激光波长入射条件下LC-SLM的位相调制特性曲线不同,难以同时满足多波长入射条件下2π线性位相调制的要求,致使彩色全息再现结果受到共轭像和零级斑的干扰.针对该问题,本文通过实验测试获得LC-SLM在不同波长入射时的位相调制特性曲线,并分析了RGB激光器各分量的位相调制特性曲线非线性偏差和调制幅度偏差对多阶位相型傅里叶变换相息图再现效果的影响.根据"查表法"建立了各波长入射条件下满足2π线性位相调制的灰度映射关系,并对RGB分量相息图进行修正.通过对修正前后RGB分量相息图的数值模拟再现和光电再现实验与分析,结果表明:该方法有效地克服了LC-SLM位相调制特性曲线偏差的不利影响,从而改善了彩色全息显示中各分量相息图的再现质量.     

Holographic vibration measurements of rough surfaces using a LCSLM

This paper describes measurements of a vibrating object with rough surface by the time-averaged method of holography using a newly designed optically addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulator with a resolution of 102 lp/mm and a diffraction efficiency of 16%. An object vibrating faster than several tens of Hz could be visualized. The pattern obtained by the method provides the locus of vibrating nodes. The advantage of this method is that a high contrast pattern of a vibrating object can be imaged in near-real-time, although the sensitivity of vibration is decreased.     

快速响应的硅基纯相位液晶器件对动态大气湍流波前的校正能力研究

液晶相位调制器的响应时间延迟是影响液晶自适应光学系统性能的一个主要因素, 为了提高系统的响应速度, 开发了一种快速响应的向列相液晶材料, 并制成了反射式硅基液晶器件(LCOS). 分析了该LCOS的相位调制特性及其对静态畸变波前和扰动波前的校正能力. 首先, 测量了LCOS的电光响应特性, 得出其780 nm相位调制量的响应时间为2 ms. 其次, 测量了LCOS的相位调制特性, 并对相位调制进行了线性化处理. 再次, 测量了用该LCOS搭建的液晶自适应光学系统的闭环和开环3 dB带宽, 它们分别为16和18 Hz. 最后, 给出了开环液晶自适应光学系统校正大气湍流的数值模拟结果, 结果表明. 系统的Strehl比由校正前的0.025上升到了校正后的0.225. 因此, 该液晶自适应光学系统可以对Greenwood频率为30 Hz以下的大气湍流进行较良好的校正.     

Incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging with high accuracy of image pixel registration

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH) is a unique three-dimensional(3 D) imaging technique which has the advantages of scanning-free,high resolution,and easy matching with existing mature optical systems.In this article,an incoherent digital holographic spectral imaging method with high accuracy of spectral reconstruction based on liquid crystal tunable filter(LCTF) and FINCH is proposed.Using the programmable characteristics of spatial light modulator(SLM),a series of phase masks,none of whose focal lengths changes with wavelength,is designed and made.For each wavelength of LCTF output,SLM calls three phase masks with different phase constants at the corresponding wavelength,and CCD records three holograms.The spectral images obtained by this method have a constant magnification,which can achieve pixel-level image registration,restrain image registration errors,and improve spectral reconstruction accuracy.The results show that this method can not only obtain the 3 D spatial information and spectral information of the object simultaneously,but also have high accuracy of spectral reconstruction and excellent color reproducibility.     

反射式液晶空间光调制器电控光束偏转

为获得较大的光束电控偏转范围,使用空间分辨力高达8 m的反射式液晶空间光调制器实现了对入射632 nm激光的电控偏转。利用双光束共焦干涉方法测量了液晶空间光调制器的电控相位延迟特性,最大相移量可达3。根据二元光学理论和器件的电控相位延迟特性,设计了周期台阶相位模式和相应的加载灰度图,以最大衍射效率实现对入射光束的闪耀电控偏转。结果表明:相位模式台阶数为8时,可以实现10 mrad的光束偏转,闪耀级次衍射效率可达46%。利用二元光学的衍射模型对影响衍射效率的关键因素进行了分析,认为器件较低的填充因子和周期台阶模式相位重置点诱导的指向矢回程区是限制光束衍射效率的主要因素。     

开环双脉冲液晶自适应光学视网膜成像系统

为了获得高分辨率视网膜图像,利用液晶空间光调制器作为波前校正器建立了一套开环液晶自适应光学视网膜成像系统。与闭环模式相比,采用开环模式后,系统的能量利用率提高了1倍。系统采用双脉冲照明方式,以减少人眼曝光量,保护人眼安全。在照明光学系统中加入了大小视场切换装置使成像视场由之前的0.8°增至1.7°。同时优化了系统的时序控制流程,对人眼像差连续校正的同时快速调节成像相机的前后位置至最佳像面。对于开环模式对动态人眼像差的校正精度进行了测量,实验测得,经开环校正后,残差波面的均方根值约为0.09λ;相应的斯特雷尔(Strehl)比高于0.70,系统分辨率接近光学衍射极限的分辨率。对两名志愿者进行了实验,获得了清晰的眼底视网膜细胞图像。     

人眼视网膜成像自适应光学系统设计

设计一套基于液晶空间光调制器的人眼视网膜成像自适应光学系统,以获得高分辨率视网膜图像,并且使该系统实现体积小,功耗低,成本低等优点.采用夏克-哈特曼探测器和基于硅基板上的液晶器件分别作为波前探测器和波前校正器.系统采用双对准光源以主观方式来使人眼对准,近红外光探测成像以减小对人眼的刺激.使人眼对有限距离对焦,以减小离焦对成像的影响,使该系统既可用于正常眼,又可用于近视眼.用ZEMAX软件对系统进行了模拟分析,认为该系统可获得高于3 μm的视网膜分辨率,该系统设计是合理可行的.