Investigation of Heat Pump Efficiency on Zeotropic Refrigerants R32/R134a and R32/R152a

Results of analysis of thermodynamic cycle efficiency with consideration of nonisothermal nature of phase transition indicate that when using the mixture of R32/R152a (30/70%) in the vapor compression heat pumps, the coefficient of performance is up to 4% higher in comparison with R32/R134a (30/70%). The study shows that in cycles with two-stage compression the coefficient of performance increases by 6.5% as compared to the single-stage process. The value of exergic efficiency of the single-stage cycle is equal to 0.47 for zeotropic mixture of R32/R152a (30/70%), and it is equal to 0.45 for the R32/R134a (30/70%) mixture. Data obtained for the zeotropic mixtures are as effective as those obtained for refrigerant R134a.     

Performance investigation of some hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants with low global warming as substitutes to R134a in refrigeration systems

In this study, the performances of R152a, R161, and R1234yf with very low global warming potential were investigated theoretically as alternatives to R134a in vapor compression refrigeration systems. The results obtained showed that the saturation vapor pressures for R152a and R1234yf are very close to that of R134a, which indicates similar properties, while that of R161, between the temperature range of ?30 to 40°C, deviated significantly by 49.2%. R152a emerged as the most energy efficient of the investigated refrigerants with average power per ton of refrigeration (PPTR) of 30.5% less than that of R134a. R152a and R161 exhibited a higher volumetric refrigerating capacity (VRC) and coefficient of performance (COP) than R134a. The highest COP was obtained using R152a in the system with an average value of 43.5% higher than that of R134a, while the average COPs for R161 and R1234yf are 4.8% higher and 7.1% lower, respectively. Generally, R152a performed better than the other two alternatives as R134a substitute in that it has similar saturation pressure as R134a, exhibited lowest PPTR, very high VRC, and highest COP. Major system redesign will be required before R161 can be employed as R134a substitute. Also, low performance of R1234yf in terms of PPTR, VRC and COP will increase its indirect contributions to global warming.     

应用不同混合工质的自复叠制冷机组性能的理论分析

混合工质的不同直接影响到自复叠制冷机组的各项性能。在给定的工况下分析了R744/R600 a、R744/R290、R744/R134 a、R23/R134 a、R23/R22与R32/R600等混合工质的配比、蒸发器出口温度对机组的冷凝压力、制冷量、压缩机耗功和COP的影响。结果表明:R744/R600 a、R744/R290、R744/R134 a与R32/R600 a的最佳配比为35∶65,R23/R134 a的最佳配比为40∶60,R23/R22的最佳配比为30∶70,其中R744/R290系统的COP值为最大;低沸点组分增大情况下,R744/R290、R744/R134 a与R23/R22机组的制冷量和压缩机耗功随着先增加后减小,但R23/R134 a、R32/R600与R744/R600 a机组的制冷量和压缩机耗功一直增加;在最佳配比情况下,随着蒸发温度的升高,其机组的COP值不断增加,而冷凝压力几乎不变。     

共沸与近共沸混合工质CFCs替代物的热力学分析

共沸与近共沸混合工质ＣＦＣｓ替代物的热力学分析阴建民，何茂刚，刘咸定，刘志刚（西安交通大学动力系西安７１００４９）关键词：共沸混合工质，替代物，热力学分析一、引言由于ＣＦＣ类物质对大气臭氧层的破坏作用，将受到限制并逐步停止使用，对其替代物的研究受到了...     

低温热驱动喷射制冷系统的工质选择

建立了可精确预测喷射器性能的热力学模型,对适用于低温热驱动的喷射制冷系统的环境友好工质进行了选择和计算分析。结果表明:R152a和R134a用于低温热驱动喷射制冷系统均能获得较好的制冷性能,在相同工况下,以R152a为工质的制冷系统的COP比R134a为工质的制冷系统的COP高4%—13.3%,采用R152a可获得更好的制冷效果。     

替代制冷剂在绝热毛细管中流动的数值计算

根据绝热毛细管中的压力降建立了一个适用于纯质制冷剂流过绝热毛细管的一维均相模型,用以计算毛细管的长度和其流动过程的热力性质变化。对传统制冷剂R12、R22和替代制冷剂R134a、R152a在毛细管中的工作过程进行了详细的模拟计算,并与文献值进行了比较分析,数值计算结果与文献值吻合良好．同时,还比较分析了不同工况下制冷剂及其替代物的毛细管工作热力特性．     

R22、R134a在五级自动复叠制冷系统中的应用比较研究

对于多级自动复叠制冷系统,混合制冷剂的选取和组分配比具有很大的影响作用。分别采用R22/R23/R14/R740/R728和R134a/R23/R14/R740/R728两组混合制冷剂应用于五级自动复叠系统,对系统高温级制冷剂R22与R134a进行理论分析和对比实验研究,研究结果表明采用R134a更能有效控制系统排气温度,获取了更低的制冷温度。     

混合工质用于单级压缩制冷回热循环的理论研究与分析

主要利用NIST8.0软件,针对R23/R134 a,R23/R600 a,R23/R125,R23/R14等二元混合工质在Linde-Hampson循环下进行了理论分析,设计一套可制得-60℃的单级压缩节流回热循环系统。通过对工质成分特性分析对比,研究其对循环的热力学性能的影响规律,得到了最佳制冷剂组合。     

一种三级自动复叠制冷系统的试验研究

本文提出一种三级自动复叠的制冷系统,搭建了相应的研究装置,采用R134 a/R23/R14混合制冷剂,对试验装置和混合制冷剂组分的优化试验。并对降温过程中制冷系统中混合制冷剂合流特性进行了分析。     

新型冰箱制冷剂三氟甲醚与异丁烷的性能对比

本文对氟化醚类工质三氟甲醚(简称HFE143a)用作冰箱制冷剂的性能与现有冰箱制冷剂HC600a进行了对比。首先比较了新制冷剂HFE143a和现有冰箱制冷剂CFC12、HFC134a、HC600a和HFC152a/HCFC22等的基础热力性质。然后对HFE143a、HC600a和CFC12的冰箱标准工况制冷循环性能和变工况制冷循环性能进行了详细的理论计算及分析。分析表明:HFE143a完全适合做新一代冰箱制冷剂。     

制冷剂替代物相平衡性质的分子动力学模拟

本文利用分子动力学模拟算法研究制冷剂替代物的气液相平衡性质。通过将制冷剂替代物作为极性的2CLJ流体处理,建立了针对它们的 2CLJD 势能模型。利用 NPT+Test Particle 算法对五种制冷剂替代物 (HFC-152a,HFC-143a,HFC-134a,HCFC-142b和HFC-227ea)的气液相平衡性质进行了计算,同时验证了计算结果的热力学一致性。模拟结果与 NIST 的 REFPROP 数据库的最大相对偏差在2％以内。     

基于FORTRAN和VB的常用制冷剂热物性计算软件的开发

采用状态方程和多项式函数拟合两种方法,利用现有的物性计算,提出一些常用制冷剂的热力性质计算公式。利用FORTRAN和VB6.0建立了包含R12、R22、R134a的热物性计算软件。程序开发中采用层次模块的思想和开放式结构,便于增加新的制冷剂,具有良好的可扩充性。     

Flow condensing heat transfer of R410A,R22, and R32 inside a micro-fin tube

An experimental study of condensation heat transfer characteristics of flow inside horizontal micro-fin tubes is carried out using R410A, R22, and R32 as the test fluids. This study especially focuses on the influence of heat transfer area upon the condensation heat transfer coefficients. The test sections were made of double tubes using the counter-flow type; the refrigerants condensation inside the test tube enabled heat to exchange with cooling water that flows from the annular side. The saturation temperature and pressure of the refrigerants were measured at the inlet and outlet of the test sections to defined state of refrigerants, and the surface temperatures of the tube were measured. A differential pressure transducer directly measured the pressure drops in the test section. The heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were calculated using the experimental data. The condensation heat transfer coefficient was measured at the saturation temperature of 48°C with mass fluxes of 50–380 kg/(m²s) and heat fluxes of 3–12 kW/m². The values of experimental heat transfer coefficient results are compared with the predicted values from the existing correlations in the literature, and a new condensation heat transfer coefficient correlation is proposed.     

低GWP的HCFCs替代制冷剂的可行性研究

阐述了目前HCFCs替代的形势、替代制冷剂和替代技术路线。从各个方面介绍了几种有潜力的单一替代制冷剂R32、R161、R1234yf和R1234ze等。并对将来替代制冷剂的发展进行分析,认为混合制冷剂是大势所趋。     

HFO-1234yf与HFC-134a比较分析

总结了HFO-1234yf的最新研究成果,对比分析了HFO-1234yf和HFC-134a的热物性参数及实验表现,结果表明两者的热物性参数及实验表现非常相似,HFO-1234yf是较好的替代制冷剂之一。为了更好的评价该制冷剂,还需要进行全面的热物性测试。     

制冷剂过热气体热力性质的隐式拟合方法

准确、快速、稳定地计算制冷剂热力性质是计算机辅助设计和工程计算的要求。本文将 隐式拟合方法与Ｍａｒｔｉｎ－Ｈｏｕ方程相结合,提出制冷剂过热气体热力性质的隐式拟合方法,该方法 不仅具有形式统一、精度高、速度快、外推性和稳定性好的优点,而且保证了过热区与两相区之间 热力性质的连续性。     

空调热泵系统R22替代的理论分析及试验研究

空调热泵系统Ｒ２２替代的理论分析及试验研究杨昭,马一太,吕灿仁,陈东（天津大学热能研究所大津３０００７２）关键词替代物;可燃性;空调;热泵１前言制冷工质Ｒ２２因优良的热力学性质已被广泛应用。但因其ＯＤＰ值为０．０５５且ＧＷＰ值为０．３６,在１９９４年...     

相对湿度对空调中翅片管蒸发器性能的影响

基于换热器几何结构参数以及流路布置等相同的3HP商用空调,在空调工况下,研究了相对湿度对R22替代制冷剂R407C、R410A、R32以及R290在蒸发器内的流动和传热性能的影响规律。研究表明:在一定的条件下,增加环境相对湿度,这五种制冷剂对应蒸发器换热量、压降和质量流量均增加,其中R407C蒸发器换热量最大,R290和R32蒸发器压降和制冷剂质量流量均小于R22蒸发器。在低湿度环境下(约20—30%相对湿度),显热换热占主导因素。随着相对湿度的增加,显然换热减少,潜热换热增强且起主导因素。在满足换热量的要求下,R290在协调压降与质量流量具有一定的优势且满足现行工质替代理念,可以作为现有商用空调的环保型替代工质。     

自动复叠制冷系统制冷剂替代试验研究

R12/R13/R14自动复叠制冷系统中的R12、R13对臭氧层有破坏作用,针对该系统重新选择了制冷剂配组,给出了制冷剂组的选择原则,接着在所搭建试验台上做了一系列配比的实验,找到制冷剂的最佳配比,将R12/R13/R14和R134 a/R23/R14两种系统在5 L载冷剂的负荷下进行了降温速率、制冷量对比。     

R1234yf/RE170混合工质用于汽车空调的可行性

目前汽车空调常用的制冷剂四氟乙烷(R134a)存在较高的温室效应指数(GWP=1 300),会对环境造成不利的影响。将R1234yf和RE170以质量配比为70:30组成新型混合制冷剂(代号NCUR04)应用于汽车空调中,通过热力学性质、环境特性、循环性能、安全特性、润滑特性方面综合考虑替代R134a的可行性,并与潜在替代制冷剂R1234yf进行对比。研究表明:NCUR04环境性能、热力学性质较R134a和R1234yf优异;单位质量制冷量分别比R134a和R1234yf高24.7%和66.2%;单位容积制冷量比R134a低4.5%,比R1234yf高5.9%;能效比(COP)分别比R134a和R1234yf高1.4%和8.8%;排气温度比R134a低2.4℃,比R1234yf高5.5℃;与POE润滑油互溶性良好。因此,NCUR04替代R134a用于汽车空调具有可行性。