光纤陀螺温控技术的研究

温度变化将严重地影响干涉型光纤陀螺仪(IFOG)系统的零位漂移.本文在初步研究温控技术的基础上,给出一种实用的温控电路,以用于在测试温度变化所引起的零位漂移中进行温度调节与控制.通过在此电路下实测的两者变化关系曲线采取补偿措施,以减小光纤陀螺的零位漂移.     

高精度光纤陀螺零位误差的磁温特性研究

介绍了高精度光纤陀螺零位误差的形成原理，并就温度和磁场对高精度光纤陀螺零位误差的影响进行了详细的理论分析。仿真结果表明:由于温度引起的零偏峰值漂移为0.06°/h。最后，对交变温度场和径向静磁场交联作用下的情况建立了理论模型并进行了实验研究，实验结果表明:在径向磁场和不同温度作用下，光纤陀螺由于交联耦合效应产生的径向磁场灵敏度变化，即交联耦合度<1%，这和理论模型具有较高的一致性。     

双柱型绕法对干涉式光纤陀螺温度性能的影响

通过深入分析光纤陀螺敏感环的特点,提出了一种工艺简单的双柱型(D-CYL)绕法。通过有限元方法仿真分析了双柱型绕法环圈瞬态传热性能,对比分析了在相同变温条件下双柱型绕法与交叉绕法对陀螺性能的影响。结果表明,在对称的温度环境下,双柱型绕法在抑制陀螺温度漂移方面的效果与交叉绕法相当,两者漂移误差均低于0.01(°)/h,与理论分析相符。     

光纤陀螺光纤环的热致非互异性研究

研究了光纤环受温度影响产生非互易相移的机理,根据光纤陀螺在实际应用中的环境温度的干扰,建立了直观合理的光纤环时变温度场分布模型,在此基础上对陀螺的热致非互异噪声进行了定量分析。针对不同绕制结构的光纤环,对其温度漂移进行了数值模拟和比较,提出了减小和补偿光纤环热致非互异噪声的方法及相关技术。     

基于温度激励的光纤陀螺光纤环瞬态特性检测

光纤陀螺基于萨尼亚克效应测量垂直于光纤环平面的敏感轴方向上的旋转分量。光纤环是光纤陀螺的核心部件,光纤环的缠绕质量直接影响着光纤陀螺的整体性能,对光纤环的缠绕质量全面检测十分必要。针对目前光纤环检测手段的局限性,提出了一种基于温度激励的光纤陀螺光纤环瞬态特性检测方法,全面表征了光纤环的缠绕质量。建立了光纤环柱面坐标三维计算模型,采用有限元方法定量分析光纤环不对称度和局部温度激励位置精度对光纤环瞬态响应的影响,同时开展了光纤环温度激励相应实验,实验结果与光纤环三维物理模型数值计算结果相一致,在理论和实验上验证了光纤环瞬态特性检测方法的可行性。     

数字光纤陀螺的第二反馈回路实验研究

针对光纤陀螺受外界环境,主要是温度影响,提出了一种控制相位调制器长期漂移的方法。用数字光纤陀螺的第二个反馈回路来控制相位调制通道的增益,尤其是2π复位来控制相位调制器相应的长期漂移。在-40°C～60°C,将标度因子的稳定性控制在0.000 4以内。在陀螺解调电路中采用FPGA进行数字信号处理,实现了两级反馈环路。     

激光陀螺正逆光束损耗差对零位漂移的影响研究

激光陀螺长时间工作过程中零位保持不变对于捷联惯导有重要意义。介绍了影响激光陀螺零位的主要因素之一,并分析了导致激光陀螺长时间工作过程中产生零位漂移的机理。实验发现,激光陀螺连续工作1个月,由正逆时针光束损耗差引入的零位漂移在0.005 3°/h左右,伴随正逆时针损耗差变化8%左右。损耗差对激光陀螺零位的影响是长期的、缓慢的。若需要减小激光陀螺长期工作的零位漂移,则应当提高正逆行波损耗差的长期稳定性。     

基于交叉法绕制的光纤环的槽体设计

建立了一个精确到匝的光纤环有限元模型,基于此对比分析了交叉绕法与四极对称(QAD)绕法环圈瞬态传热性能,得出交叉绕法能更好地改善光纤陀螺温度性能。此外,重新设计了传统四极对称法绕制光纤环的槽体,并分析了在相同温度激励下新旧槽体内嵌交叉绕法光纤环对抑制陀螺温度漂移的影响。结果表明:采用新型槽体的交叉绕法光纤环圈能充分发挥交叉绕法抑制温漂的性能,能够使热致误差降低一个数量级,与理论分析相符。     

光纤陀螺受辐照影响机理分析

构成光纤陀螺敏感器件的保偏光纤环在辐射环境中损耗会增加,陀螺的精度随之降低,从而限制了光纤陀螺在空间中的应用。采用60Co作为辐射源模拟空间辐射环境,对光纤陀螺及其光电器件进行了大量的试验,并对光纤陀螺及其光电器件受空间辐射影响的机理进行了研究,得出光纤陀螺光电器件中保偏光纤环受辐射影响最严重,从而重点分析了光纤陀螺敏感器件保偏光纤环的辐射影响机理,从原理上探讨了保偏光纤环在辐射条件下损耗的增加对光纤陀螺的影响,为光纤陀螺抗辐射加固技术提供了理论基础。     

基于Allan方差的光纤陀螺随机漂移建模与仿真

随机漂移是影响光纤陀螺精度的主要因素之一,建立陀螺随机漂移模型以便在滤波时加以修正是提高系统精度的有效方法。针对传统随机漂移模型建模耗时长、过敏感等问题,提出基于Allan方差的光纤陀螺随机漂移模型。通过各噪声项的功率谱密度函数推导出随机微分方程,用Allan方差分析出光纤陀螺各噪声项量化参数,将量化参数代入以单位白噪声驱动的随机微分方程,得到随机漂移模型。实验结果表明,该模型拟合出的随机漂移单项噪声误差不超过8.6％,远低于传统模型产生的单项噪声误差58.3％,是一种有效的光纤陀螺随机漂移建模方法。     

光纤环中的Shupe效应及其补偿方法研究

本文研究了光纤环的时变温度场,在此基础上对Shupe效应进行了定量分析,并且提出了通过模型修正以减小Shupe效应的补偿方法.     

多维温度场对光纤环Shupe效应误差影响的理论分析

光纤环作为干涉型光纤陀螺的核心敏感元件,易受时变温度环境引起的Shupe非互易性相移的影响,进而严重降低对于惯性空间转动的测量精度.本文推导了目前广泛应用的四极绕法光纤环的温度效应误差模型,分析了沿光纤环径向、轴向与圆周方向多维温度场对于零偏漂移的影响机理并进行了仿真验证.研究结果表明,径向与轴向的瞬态温场引起的零偏误差正比于光纤环各层外内壁温变速率之差的加权和,并且随着接近光纤进出的顶层,其所占份额将线性增大.圆周方向的零偏误差则取决于光纤进出端与长度中点连线两侧温变速率空间分布的对称性,并且当不均匀的温度场分布远离进出端时,其影响将减小.以上发现可为复杂温度环境下工作的陀螺仪表与惯性导航系统的热结构设计提供理论指导与工程参考.     

BOTDA光纤传感技术在光纤环圈质量评估中的应用

在分析光纤环对陀螺整体性能影响的基础上,提出将BOTDA光纤传感技术用于光纤环质量检测。通过对光纤环的在线检测、热应力检测和骨架性能影响测试,能及时发现并消除光纤绕制中的应力尖峰及换层现象,消除由骨架、热应力引起的光纤应力曲线反转现象。     

Detection H2S mixed with natural gas using hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber

An optical fiber gas sensor using hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber as a gas cell is proposed to detect H₂S mixed with natural gas. This sensor is advantageous for eliminating instability of light source, impact of thermal zero drift, and zero shift of photoelectric device. The gas sensing probe of configuration is using two shorter pieces of hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) with the same overall length instead of one long piece of HC-PBF to improve the system response. The experimental dates indicate that a minimum detectivity of 10 ppm for the system configuration was estimated.     

Mathematical modeling of random coupling between polarization modes in single-mode optical fibers: X. Verification of the ergodic hypothesis for fiber ring interferometers

The problem of the validity of the ergodic hypothesis as applied to a fiber ring interferometer (FRI) is considered on the basis of a comparison between magnitudes of the zero drift of an FRI calculated upon changing temperature of the fiber and upon random realizations of inhomogeneities in a single-mode optical fiber (SMF). The physical nature and statistical characteristics of random inhomogeneities in an SMF, types of polarization nonreciprocity in an FRI, and thermo-optical parameters of an SMF are analyzed. An algorithm for calculation of the zero drift of an FRI on changing temperature is proposed. The conditions under which the ergodic hypothesis is satisfied in an FRI are formulated. In particular, it is shown that many random inhomogeneities have to be placed on the depolarization length of polychromatic radiation in the SMF loop of an FRI; otherwise, the zero drift of the FRI calculated by the method of averaging over an ensemble of independent realizations may significantly exceed its actual value. Numerical estimations are made. It is shown that thermostabilization of an FRI with a polychromatic radiation source may significantly reduce its zero drift.     

Thermal analysis of the effects of thermally induced nonreciprocity in fiber optic gyroscope sensing coils

The response of interferometric fiber optic gyroscope sensing coils to a time-varying, radial thermally induced nonreciprocity is investigated. Sensing coils wind with polarization-maintaining fibers in quadrupolar wind configurations developed in our study examining the effect of radial thermal gradients are used with experimental setup. Induced gyroscope bias drift, measured as a function of temperature and time, is compensated for quadrupolar winding configurations using our model. Our results show that thermally induced nonreciprocity can be calculated with the same coefficient in difference temperature changing conditions using our model.     

Mathematical modeling of random coupling between polarization modes in single-mode optical fibers: XI. Dependence of the zero drift of fiber ring interferometers on the interval of temperature variation of the fiber

The dependence of the value of the zero drift of a fiber ring interferometer (FRI), which is caused by a change in polarization nonreciprocity as a consequence of a change in the random coupling of polarization modes at inhomogeneities of the FRI loop, on the value of the interval of possible temperature variation of the single-mode optical fiber (SMF) of the FRI loop is considered. It is shown that the value of the zero drift of an FRI with a nonmonochromatic radiation source—a superluminescent diode—in a rather broad interval of temperature variations (about 100 K) is proportional to the value of the interval itself and inversely proportional to the linewidth of the radiation source. Numerical estimations are made, and they show that, for practical values of the interval of temperature variation in a room, the value of the zero drift may be much smaller than the values calculated according to the method of averaging over independent realizations of random inhomogeneities in the SMF of an FRI loop. When temperature stabilization is used, the value of the zero drift of an FRI can be additionally reduced by one to two orders of magnitude.     

Mathematical modeling of random coupling between polarization modes in single-mode optical fibers: XIV. Spectral characteristics of nonreciprocal phase difference of counterpropagating waves at the output of a fiber ring interferometer at a change in the fiber temperature

Distributions of the spectral density of the dependence of the phase difference of counterpropagating waves in a fiber ring interferometer (FRI) on the temperature of the single-mode optical fiber (SMOF) in the FRI loop (temperature spectra of the FRI zero drift) due to polarization nonreciprocity have been obtained by Fourier analysis for different spectral linewidths of the FRI radiation source and different linear birefringences of the SMOF in the FRI loop. It is shown that a change in the temperature of the SMOF in the FRI loop changes mainly the SMOF linear birefringence. This effect leads to a change in the phases of the radiation that is transferred from one polarization mode to another at those points in the SMOF where the random twisting of the axes of unperturbed linear birefringence of the SMOF changes. The effect of the magnitude of the jump under consideration, its location with respect to the nearest FRI loop end, and the magnitude of the cross-correlation (visibility) function of the radiation transmitted along the slow and fast SMOF axes from the loop end to the point where a jump in twisting of the SMOF axes occurs on the character of the temperature spectra of the FRI zero drift is determined. It is shown that in the case where the depolarization length of nonmonochromatic radiation in an SMOF is smaller than the average length of the SMOF segment on which random twisting is constant, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the temperature spectra of the FRI zero drift depend strongly on the polarization state of the radiation at the input of the FRI loop. The reason for this difference is explained.     

Temperature dependence of the PER in PM-PCF coil

A piece of domestic polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF, 964 m in length) is made into a fiber coil, and its polarization extinction ratio (PER) is measured in a temperature range of -45- 80 C before and after PM-PCF is wound and solidified. A fiber coil made of commercial panda PM fiber (PMF) is also fabricated and measured for comparison. Our experiments show that the PER variation of the PM-PCF coil (2.25 dB) is far smaller than that of the panda PMF coil (10 dB) in the whole temperature range because PM-PCF is intrinsically insensitive to the temperature variation and stress in the fiber coil induced by the winding and solidification process. This characteristic is important for the real application of PM-PCFs in temperature-insensitive fiber interferometers, fiber sensors, and optical fiber gyroscopes.