一种高分辨率电视制导连续变焦光学系统

依据高分辨率电视图像导引头瞬时视场和作用距离的要求,结合选定相机的光敏面尺寸等,计算并确定了光学系统的焦距范围,根据光学系统分辨率以及结构尺寸等要求,确定了光学系统的F数,选择机械补偿法、负组补偿的变焦结构,给出焦距分配过程,最后,给出了焦距为40 mm～152 mm、F数为3.5的连续变焦光学系统的设计结果。设计结果表明:在整个变焦过程中,光学系统的传递函数值在106 lp/mm处达到或接近0.4,像面稳定,像质良好。     

光场多光谱相机像方远心镜头光学设计

光场多光谱成像技术具有能够同时获取目标二维空间信息和光谱信息的能力，利用光谱信息可以实现目标的分类和识别。为了快速、便捷地获取空间目标的完整光谱信息，实现目标表面光谱信息的真实记录，基于光场多光谱成像原理，采用光谱分光滤光片阵列分光实现主透镜系统入瞳孔径的分割，设计了一款应用于光场多光谱相机的像方远心镜头光学系统。光学系统具有宽波段400 nm~1 000 nm，焦距为240 mm，F数为4，全视场15.52°。像质评价与系统公差分析结果表明:设计的光场多光谱相机的像方远心镜头可以满足实际加工以及正常使用要求。     

多光谱遥感相机光学系统设计

设计了谱段位于450~900nm,焦距f=6 000mm,F数为10的大F数、矩形视场、长焦距的折轴三反光学系统.光学系统视场角为1.6°,光学系统的畸变优于0.5%,中心面遮拦为6%时,Nyquist频率(25lp/mm)处各谱段调制传递函数优于0.65,整个光学系统成像质量达到衍射极限.同时根据所采用的多光谱时间延迟积分CCD分析了相机各谱段的静态调制传递函数,可以满足多光谱遥感相机的设计使用要求.     

大F数长焦距空间相机光学系统设计

随着空间技术的不断发展,地元分辨率不断提高,空间相机光学系统的设计不断提出新的要求。分析了长焦距空间相机光学系统设计过程中需要考虑的问题,研究了大F数、长焦距空间光学系统的设计原理,并进行了光学系统设计。设计了谱段位于500~800 nm,焦距f=7200 mm,F=14.4的大F数、长焦距的折轴三反光学系统。结果表明,光学系统视场角达到1.6°,在450 km的轨道上,地面幅宽可以达到12.5 km,像元尺寸为10μm时,地面像元分辨率达到0.62 m,当中心遮拦为6%时,Nyquist频率(50 lp/mm)处调制传递函数(MTF)优于0.38,成像质量达到衍射极限,光学系统畸变量优于0.5%,可以满足高分辨率空间相机对地观测的使用要求,同时也验证了大F数、长焦距光学系统的设计原理。     

可见与红外双波段折反光学系统设计

针对机载小型化、轻量化的环境要求,将红外和电视传感器进行共次镜形式的共光路设计。对于640480非制冷焦平面探测器,设计了焦距185 mm、 F数达到1.3、视场为5.8的长波红外光学系统。对于1/3 CCD（像面尺寸4.8 mm 3.6 mm;像素数759596）,设计了焦距86 mm、F数达到4.5、视场为4的可见（电视）光学系统。     

物理光学 光的干涉与衍射

O436.1 2006031874用于可见光波段的二元光学混合光学系统的设计与应用=Design and application of binary hybrid optical systemused in the visible spectra[刊,中]/娄迪(浙江大学光电系,现代光学仪器国家重点实验室.浙江,杭州(310027)) ,白剑…∥光电子·激光.—2006 ,17(1) .—45-49研制了一套应用于可见光波段(中心波长632 .8 nm)的二元光学谐衍/折混合光学系统。设计要求为∶焦距120 mm,入瞳孔径60 mm,F/ #数为2 ,波面峰谷值(P-V)在λ/10以下。因为加工误差等因素,其P-V测得约λ/5 ,但已满足Strehl判据( <λ/4) ,结果验证了二元…     

利用镜面形变实现共轴折反射式变焦光学系统设计

在光学系统中加入2个或多个可变光学元件,保持光学元件位置不变,通过微调装置改变这些可变光学元件的焦距使得整个光学系统的有效焦距发生变化。基于该设计思想,结合卡塞格林(Cassegrain)反射式望远镜结构模式,使用ZEMAX光学设计软件设计了焦距为1 600 mm～800 mm,视场0.6°～1.2°的变焦系统,整个系统由2个可变形反射面、1个平面反射面和1个透镜组成,主要通过主镜和次镜面型曲率(可变形镜DMs,Deformable Mirrors)以及入瞳直径的变化实现系统变焦。设计结果表明:系统在空间频率16 lp/mm处调制传递函数大于0.75,最大均方根弥散斑半径均小于探测元尺寸,满足成像要求。     

宽波段光学系统三级光谱的校正方法

提出了一种子波段缝合光学玻璃组合的选择方法,通过最小二乘法求解复消色差方程,得到了能有效校正三级光谱的最优化玻璃组合。基于该组合设计了一个宽波段长焦距光学系统,该系统的波长范围为0.45～1.014μm,焦距为400 mm,F数为6,全视场角为10°。系统共有3种光学玻璃,7片球面透镜,调制传递函数(MTF)接近衍射极限。研究结果表明,所提方法可以在复消色差光学系统中实现三级光谱残差的校正。     

基于连续变焦的大口径长焦距的探测成像一体化光学系统设计

为实现空间目标的探测与精确识别,设计了一种基于连续变焦结构兼顾大孔径和长焦距的探测成像一体化光学系统,实现了短焦大视场探测,长焦小视场成像的目的。系统采用里奇-克列基昂（RC）结构加校正镜与变焦结构通过光瞳匹配进行结合的方式,使用两片反射镜压缩光路,系统工作于450～850 nm的光谱范围内,焦距为700～3 500 mm;探测端焦距为700 mm,F数为2.5,视场角为0.5°×0.5°;成像端焦距为1 400～3 500 mm,F数为5～12.5,视场角为0.18°×0.18°。该系统具有探测能力强、成像质量佳、系统总长短、变焦凸轮曲线升角小等优点。     

大口径内扫描红外变焦光学系统设计

设计了一种大口径内扫描三档变焦光学系统。系统工作波段为7.7～10.3μm,焦距为65mm、130mm、390mm,变倍比为6∶1,系统F数为1.67,最大口径为240mm。系统具有较好的成像质量,且对冷反射和扫描温差进行了优化控制,这种变焦光学系统具有大口径、长焦距,能够用于对远距离小目标跟踪的特点,在高性能红外热像仪中得到较好的应用。     

厄米-高斯光束在内含硬边光阑光学系统中的传输

把硬边光阑从复杂光学系统中“移”出来,即把任意一个含有硬边光阑的复杂光学系统体现到含有入射光瞳和出射光瞳的光学系统中，使硬边光阑的作用转化为出射光瞳的作用，以便求出观察面上的解析解。对入射面上的二维厄米 高斯光束，利用柯林斯公式和入射光瞳与出射光瞳的物像关系，可得到所要求观察面的场分布和解析结果，通过数值模拟验证了其正确性。通过分析计算得到如下结论：对于任意一个含有硬边光阑的复杂光学系统，都可以把光阑的作用从系统中“移”出来，把其看作是出射光瞳的作用，从而可以较为简便地求出观察面上的场分布。     

红外多目标复合模拟器光学系统设计

详述了适用于3～5μm波段、长入瞳距多目标复合的投影光学系统设计。系统实现了干扰和目标发生器共用一个投影光学系统,入瞳距大于2000mm。原理上采用目标系统、干扰系统、主投影系统分开设计,并在主投影系统焦平面上放置中间像面实现目标和干扰的复合。给出了最后的设计结果,包括点列图、调制传递函数曲线。入瞳距2050mm,入瞳口径Φ75mm,视场±2°。     

具有实入瞳的远心离轴三反系统研究与设计

采用远心离轴三反成像系统的空间遥感仪器前有光束限制装置时,要求系统具有实入瞳与之匹配。为了满足这一需要,研究了孔径光阑位于主镜前与系统物方焦平面重合的离轴三反系统的设计问题,推导了主镜和三镜共面时离轴三反系统结构参数计算式及物方焦点与主镜间隔表达式,确定了实现系统物方焦点为实焦点的条件及其解法。据此,针对光谱范围为1.0～2.5μm、F数为4、有效焦距为360mm、视场为5°的设计要求,设计出整个波段全视场像质接近衍射极限的具有实入瞳的远心离轴三反系统,系统非球面最高次数为4次。设计结果表明,这种设计方法可用于实入瞳远心离轴三反成像系统的设计。     

Speckle Effects on Statistical Performance of Optical Radar

The statistical performance of optical radar using energy detection techniques has been studied in this paper. The analytical expressions of the speckle number subtended by the receiving aperture are derived. The results show that the speckle number is only determined by the relative size of the speckle cell and the area of the entrance pupil. The receiving aperture will integrate a considerable number of speckle cells when the beam expander is not adopted in the transmitting optical system. Few speckle cells will be intercepted by the aperture when the beam expander is employed and the laser speckle is expected to be the dominant noise source. The detection performance of airborne and space-based optical radar has been analyzed based on two critical parameters--the speckle number and the average photoelectron counts. The probability density function of photoelectrons and the detection probability are derived for a number of occasions.     

Extending the field of view of an adaptively corrected telescope by longitudinal pupil displacement

A simple scheme is proposed to increase the corrected field of view of a telescope equipped with adaptive optics. The optical system's entrance pupil is projected forward into the atmosphere and is slightly reduced in size. The field in any given direction is then imaged through just a portion of the main aperture, while the full aperture is used to collect light from the reference beacons, which may be either natural stars or laser beacons. The enlargement of the field of view is proportional to the reduction in pupil size and therefore comes at some cost in flux and resolution. A numerical simulation shows that the trade-off is modest and may in many cases be advantageous.     

The quadratic phase factor of tightly focused wavefronts

The phase structure is investigated at the focal plane of an aplanatic, high numerical aperture focusing optical system. The tightly focused field is numerically evaluated using combination of the Richards-Wolf approach and the Stratton-Chu diffraction integral. An investigation is performed for both 2D and 3D geometries for a number of different illumination structures, having piecewise quasi-constant phase at the entrance pupil and different polarization states. For the investigated illumination structures, the quadratic phase term of the focused field was found to depend on the structure of the incident illumination contrary to the paraxial case where it depends solely on the optical system parameters.     

Analysis of aberrations of an image formed by a system of noncentered optical surfaces

In the general case of an arbitrary arrangement of optical surfaces in space, it is proposed to take a straight line passing through the center of the entrance pupil perpendicularly to its plane as an assembly base. The coordinates of a point in the object plane and in the entrance pupil plane uniquely determine the position of the incident ray in the space. The wave aberration in the image of a point is represented by a power series of the general form as a function of these coordinates with terms of up to the fourth order. Aberrational analysis of individual components of this series is carried out. A particular case of decentering of an individual component in an axially symmetric optical system is considered. A new kind of aberration is shown to appear in this case.     

Effects induced on the transverse-spatial-impulse response of an inhomogeneous photoreceptor with a nonsymmetric refractive index profile and arbitrarily located origin

Summary In a few earlier communications, spatial-transverse-impulse response (STIR) associated with the initial field transversely distributed across the entrance pupil of an inhomogeneous optical wave guide (photoreceptor) has been investigated. In the present work, effects of indetermination in the location of the origin on an arbitrarily defined refractive index profile, representing the degree of inhomogeity at the aperture pupil of a single receptor, have been studied. Some consequences related to a few possible technical applications have been discussed. To speed up publication, the authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

大相对孔径中波红外变焦系统的小型化设计

大相对孔径变焦系统在像差补偿自由度较少的光学补偿式变焦系统中,通常需采用较多的镜片才能完成像差校正,导致系统体积和质量不甚理想。通过合理分配变焦参数,优化变焦系统结构,并进行非球面与衍射面复合叠加设计,完成了一个仅含8片透镜的光学补偿式变焦系统。相对孔径1∶1.8,采用320像素240像素制冷焦平面探测器,工作波段3 m ~5 m,变倍比为5,实现了30 mm/60 mm/90 mm/150 mm四档变焦,冷光阑效率100％。折叠光路后,体积约为210 mm100 mm85 mm,结构紧凑,以较少的镜片数辅以机械结构的光学补偿变焦方式有效减轻了整机质量。