过冷沸腾中的局域气泡和射流的动态行为

本文以10 mm直径加热钢管为研究对象,通过大量可视化的实验研究,对核态过冷沸腾中的气泡动力学行为以及射流现象进行了描述和分析。在实验中我们观察到泡顶射流和核态射流的竞争,双射流,“液洞”现象等一些特殊的沸腾现象。射流的泵吸作用、汽泡表面相变换热、Marangoni效应等是导致射流和气泡结构演化的根本原因。     

基于MHD的磁射流抛光中流场的分析与模拟

从理论上分析了磁射流抛光中的磁场与流场的相互作用,构建了磁射流抛光的冲击射流模型,基于磁流体动力学对磁射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流进行数值模拟,得到了磁射流抛光过程的连续流场和射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度分布。通过比较射流抛光和磁射流抛光的数值计算结果,分析了磁流变效应对射流稳定性的影响,从射流的流场、速度、紊动强度等方面分析射流在磁场中稳定的原因。     

加热铂丝上运动汽泡产生的射流

目前很多水的核态沸腾都观察到了汽泡顶部射流的现象。本文分析了沿细丝运动的汽泡顶部产生射流的物理机理,并通过对汽泡和加热细丝周围温度场和速度场的数值求解来进行分析。结果显示:由汽泡前后表面的温度梯度引起的热射流很可能是流动的最主要原因。热射流能够推动汽泡前进。对比和试验的观测指出,不凝气体或者其他可能的机理将限制汽泡界面处的凝结换热,从而增大表面温度梯度,增强热射流。     

微重力下凝结和沸腾着的汽泡周围流场

1引言尽管对沸腾换热已有大量的研究，但对沸腾过程中驱动汽泡外流动的机理仍没有透彻理解，通常认为，汽泡外流动是由液体自然对流引起的。但是，近来的微重力实验表明［‘］；在没有自然对流的微重力场中，沸腾换热同样很剧烈。为了弄清正常重力和微重力环境中驱动换热的机理，很有必要作进一步的研究。本文数值分析了微重力环境下驱动壁面汽泡周围液体流动的基本机理，深入分析了Marangoni效应的影响，同时考虑表面凝结和蒸发过程的作用。2理论模型汽泡外流动可由二维层流N－S方程及烙方程来描述，流动是由Marangoni边界条件驱动，该条…     

基于Level Set方法的双层流体热毛细对流的数值研究

基于Level Set方法建立了双层流体热毛细对流的数学模型,通过变密度二阶投影法求解控制方程,C-N隐式技术用于扩散项更新,三阶龙格库塔技术用于对流项的更新,采用连续表面张力模型(CSF)模拟Marangoni效应。三维数值模拟了微重力环境下双层流体系统中交界面变形的热毛细对流,结果显示,在Marangoni效应的作用下,交界面在热端凸起,在冷端凹陷;随着Marangoni数增大,双层流体交界面的变形率随之增大,对流强度也随之增大;交界面与壁面的接触条件会影响热毛细对流的流场和温度场。     

浓度边界层中成长汽泡的界面特性

对于双组分池内核态沸腾，热边界层中生成的汽泡，同时也处于浓度边界层中．本文建立了边界展中汽泡表面张力模型，对温度和浓度引起的表面张力变化进行分析．结果表明，表面张力从汽泡顶部到底部是递增的，从而形成液体沿界面自上而下的Marangoni流．通过汽泡底部微层相界面方程的求解，探讨了微层变形特征，由此分析汽泡脱离机理．微层变形与文献[1]中指出的接触线的变化从本质上是一致的．     

轴对称受限射流冲击尖端障碍物流声特性

本文研究了障碍物位于流场不同位置时轴对称射流冲击尖劈障碍物流动和声学特性。应用大涡模型(LES)数值模拟了受限射流流动特性和FW-H方程数值积分求解了远声场噪声频谱和声压级特性,并与自由射流模拟结果进行对比分析。模拟结果表明当障碍物位于自由射流流场转折界面处,自由射流涡环配对失败,使得自由射流主要噪声源被破坏,受限射流声源为障碍物产生的偶极子声源;当障碍物位于自由射流流场充分发展区,自由射流主要声源涡环配对完成,声源为自由射流段四极子声源和障碍物产生的偶极子声源,且随着离喷嘴距离增加,障碍物处流体流动速度减小,远声场相同位置声压级值逐渐减小。     

不同角度圆锥冲击射流的噪声特性研究

本文针对射流冲击不同角度圆锥体的噪声特性进行了研究。通过声学测量实验获得了总声压级和噪声频谱等声学数据,分析结果表明,锥角对冲击射流噪声特性的影响随着冲击距离的变化而变化。同时,对冲击射流的流场进行了数值模拟,结合流场模拟结果与声场测量结果,对不同冲击距离与圆锥角度下冲击射流的主要噪声源进行了分析。此外,还进行了噪声指向性研究,给出了不同冲击距离、监测点位置及圆锥角度下冲击射流总声压级的分布情况。     

微重力下汽泡底部微层的对流和蒸发

本文数值研究了微重力下沸腾时汽泡底部微层区的多维传热及流动，不仅考虑由温度梯度引起的汽泡表面张力梯度而诱发的Marangoni流动，而且考虑汽泡表面的凝结和蒸发．微层厚度自0．01μm到10μm的计算结果表明，微层中流动很小，温度分布与纯导热几乎相同．在界面传热小于理想传热的情况下，Marangoni对流对传热增加几个百分比，微层中的流动与薄平界面的滑移近似相吻合．     

基于MPS方法的汽泡冷凝与融合特性研究

移动粒子半隐式（Moving Particle Semi-implicit,MPS）数值方法在追踪汽液相界面上较传统网格方法有很大优势,本研究基于MPS方法对过冷水中单个蒸汽泡的冷凝行为进行了数值模拟研究。计算结果与Kamei的实验结果符合较好并表明,汽泡冷凝寿命与汽泡初始尺寸呈近似线性关系,低过冷度下大汽泡的变形会加...     

平板马兰各尼流动中数的影响

本文提出了边界层充分发展情况下平板马兰各尼流动动量方程和能量方程的相似解,分析了流动与传热随Pr数的变化特征;由于在核沸腾中蒸汽气泡的一般直径大于估算边界层厚度,因而可以忽略表面张力影响,将这一结果用于气泡周界马兰各尼流动效应的初步分析.     

Oscillation of the convective flow around an air bubble in a vertically stratified surfactant solution

The appearance of oscillatory modes of the concentration convection around an air bubble in an aqueous solution with a vertical gradient of surfactant concentration was revealed experimentally. The solution filled a thin vertical layer containing an air bubble in the form of a short horizontal cylinder with a free lateral surface. Due to a small layer thickness, two-dimensional flows and concentration distributions were generated in the liquid. Their evolution was investigated using an interferometric technique. It was found that the flow oscillation was caused by a specific interaction between the diffusion and two solutal (capillary and gravitational) mechanisms of convective mass transfer, which had quite different characteristic times. The time variation of the oscillation period was analyzed in relation to the surfactant concentration gradient, the average solution concentration, and the concentration Marangoni number. It was shown that the ratio of the dimensionless oscillation frequency to the Marangoni number is time independent and is the same for different liquids and various orientations of the concentration gradient. Published in Russian in Zhurnal éksperimental’noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki, 2006, Vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 363–370. The text was translated by the authors.     

数值模拟两相汽蚀流动的新模型和算法

提出了数值模拟两相汽蚀流动现象的新汽蚀模型和算法.提出的汽蚀模型和算法耦合了考虑紊流粘性效应的Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes方程求解方法,可以自动模拟空泡起始点、空泡长度和汽蚀空泡形状.在流场计算和界面修正的迭代计算过程中,跟踪并得到液相/气相界面.数值模拟了圆锥形圆柱体和半球形圆柱体在不同汽蚀系数下的汽蚀流动现象,得到了与实验值完全吻合的数值模拟结果,并且与已发表的数值研究结果进行了比较.计算结果表明提出的汽蚀模型和算法能够有效地模拟汽蚀流动中的气泡界面和气泡长度,汽蚀模型和算法的正确性和实用性得到了相应的验证.     

过冷沸腾丝上气泡运动的动态模拟

本文以核态池沸腾100μm铂丝上单个气泡的动力学行为为研究现象进行数值模拟,采用能量方程求解丝上以运动气泡为中心的局部区域内的温度分布,同时引入了在核态池沸腾丝上运动气泡粘性力经验公式,以此来考虑Marangoni驱动力和粘件力相等时的运动气泡稳态速度,最后分析了气泡在运动过程中吸收热量的特性.为理论求解丝上核态沸腾运动气泡的稳态速度和吸热特性积累一些理论根据.     

Experimental study of the Taylor bubbles shear stress in an upward flow in a vertical tube

The modification of electrodiffusional method of the wall shear stress measurements is applied for registration of the Taylor bubble shear stress in an upward liquid flow. Time realization of shear is considered as a structure frozen into the flow, which moves together with a bubble. Experiments were carried out in laminar and transitional liquid flows. The wall shear stress in the liquid film around bubble averaged over the tube perimeter is presented for different flow Reynolds numbers and different lengths of the bubble.     

Thermodynamic effect of single bubble near a rigid wall

The objective of this paper is to numerically investigate the thermodynamic effect during bubble collapse near a rigid boundary. A compressible fluid model is introduced to accurately capture the transient process of bubble shapes and temperature, as well as corresponding pressure, and velocity. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by the experimental data of bubble shapes, and Keller-Kolodner equation as well as its thermodynamic equation. The results show that a bubble near the rigid boundary presents high-speed jet in collapse stage and counter jet in rebound stage, respectively. In the collapse stage, the bubble margin will shrink rapidly and do the positive work on the compressible vapor inside the bubble, then a significant amount of heat will be generated, and finally the generation of high-speed jet drives the low-temperature liquid outside the bubble to occupy the position of high-temperature vapor inside the bubble. In the rebound stage, the counter jet moving away from the rigid boundary takes part of heat away from the sub-bubble, which avoids the external work of the expansion of the sub-bubble and the temperature reduction caused by the dissipation effect of the vortex structure. In addition, the initial standoff has a significant effect on the thermodynamics of bubble oscillation. The temperature keeps increasing with the increase of the initial standoff in the collapse stage, while it shows a downward trend with the increase of the initial standoff in the rebound stage. That’s because the high-speed jet and counter jet of bubble gradually disappear when the initial standoff increases, which is the important reason for the opposite evolution trend of temperature in collapse and rebound stage.