电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定滇龙胆中的镉和铅

利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定滇龙胆中重金属元素Cd和Pb,比较了干灰化法和湿化法2种样品处理方法对分析结果的影响,并测定了云南一些地区滇龙胆中的Cd和Pb含量。结果表明:采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法检测滇龙胆中的Cd和Pb,最低检出限(DL)分别为1.43ng·mL-1和1.16ng·mL-1;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.37%和4.05%;回收率分别为96.25%和92.25%。利用湿法消解样品,精密度好,回收率高,优于干灰化法。干灰化法适合测定滇龙胆中Pb,但不适合测定Cd,其回收率仅为0.2%。用湿法消解样品,测定不同产地滇龙胆的Cd和Pb含量,结果表明:所测地区滇龙胆的Cd,Pb含量大大低于《中华人民共和国药典》(2005)规定的中药材重金属含量标准,符合GAP生产的要求。     

微波消解ICP-AES测定新疆和田大蓟多种微量元素

采用微波消解,用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定新疆和田大蓟中Al、Ba、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、Li、Zn、Mn、P、S等多种微量元素,Pb、Hg、Cd含量极低或未检出,方法的检出限为0.002-0.213μg·mL-1,加标回收率为90.0％-105.0％.     

ICP-AES法测定丹参中的镉和铅

建立了利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定丹参中重金属元素Cd和Pb的方法,比较了干灰化法和湿化法两种样品处理方法对分析结果的影响,并测定了山东一些地区丹参中的Cd和Pb含量。结果表明：采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法检测丹参中的Cd和Pb,最低检出限(DL)分别为1.92和1.07 ng·mL-1;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.14%和1.83%;回收率分别为103.05%和96.24%。利用湿法消解样品,精密度好,回收率高,优于干灰化法。干灰化法适合测定丹参中Pb,但不适合测定Cd,其回收率仅为0.1%。用湿法消解样品,测定不同产地丹参的Cd和Pb含量,结果表明：所测地区丹参的Cd, Pb含量大大低于《中华人民共和国药典》(2005)规定的中药材重金属含量标准,符合GAP生产的要求。     

公丁香中多种金属元素的ICP-AES研究

探讨公丁香中多种金属元素的测定方法,采用湿法硝酸-双氧水进行消解,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定试样中钾、镁及多种微量元素铅、铜、铁、铬、锌、锰等的方法.其检出限为0.000 4～0.095 4μg·mL-1,变异系数为0.4%～4.9%,回收率在91.8%～112.2%,结果令人满意.发现中药公丁香中含有比较丰富的锰元素,微量元素在中药中可能起到一定的药理作用,用ICP-AES测定中药中微量元素以评价中药价值具有重要的意义.     

ICP-AES测定口香糖中的7种元素

对比了碱熔法和湿法消解两种不同的方法处理样品,用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定口香糖中的Ti、Mn、Al、Ca、As、Pb、Cd元素。并对结果比较好的湿法消解方法进行了加标回收实验,平均回收率在97.5%—102.5%之间。     

ICP-AES测定赶黄草中的微量元素

探讨赶黄草中多种金属元素的测定方法,采用湿法硝酸-高氯酸进行消解,用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定多种微量元素Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mg、Cr、Ni等的方法。其检出限为0.0012—0.031μg.mL-1,相对标准偏差为1.5%—8.3%。发现中药赶黄草中含有较丰富的微量元素,可能起到一定的药理作用。     

湿法消解火焰原子吸收法测定黄土复合污染修复植物金盏菊幼苗中的铅和镉

原子吸收光谱法(AAS)广泛应用于重金属分析检测领域,优化测试过程的操作条件,进而保障分析结果的稳定性和重现性,直接关系到预期研究目标的有效实现,建立精准的检测方法往往成为科学研究的首要任务。以金盏菊为黄土区Pb/Cd复合污染修复植物,采用湿法消解-AAS法测定金盏菊幼苗体内Pb/Cd含量,分析所得结果初步揭示金盏菊幼苗对Pb/Cd的富集效应。研究发现:湿法消解-AAS法对Pb/Cd的检出限分别为0.104和0.007 mg·L~(-1),Pb/Cd回收率对应于94.33%~110.78%和97.73%~107.50%之间,同一样品重复测定(6次)的相对标准偏差(RSD)波动于4.11%~4.75%(Pb)和1.11%~2.77%(Cd),表明该方法准确度较好,精密度较高。金盏菊幼苗对Pb的富集能力不强,这可能与Pb的电负性、植物生长周期较短及环境因子等因素有关;但在黄土Cd浓度为50 mg·k~(-1)时,金盏菊幼苗对Cd的平均富集量已达到104.85 mg·kg~(-1)。此外,黄土Pb的共存一定程度上促进了金盏菊幼苗对Cd的吸收,其间可能存在协同作用。所建立的分析方法可以对金盏菊幼苗Pb/Cd含量进行有效检测,预期能为后续研究提供技术支持和质量保障。     

抗癌新药金荞麦中微量元素的光谱测定

云南产金荞麦Fagopyrum dibotrys是国家二类抗癌新药威麦宁胶囊的主要原料,具有独特的抗癌功效。采用HNO3-HClO4(5∶1)混酸作消化液处理样品,用电感藕合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了抗癌新药金荞麦中K,Ca,Cu,Na,Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn,Pb,Cd等10种微量元素,该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高和多元素同时测定,检出限为0.017～0.084μg·mL-1,相对标准偏差为0.09%～1.87%(n=8),加标回收率在98.2%～107.4%之间。结果表明,抗癌新药金荞麦中含有比较丰富的K元素(1477.3μg·g-1),这主要与它所处的地球化学背景有关,未检出有害元素Cd和Pb,其余七种元素含量(μg·g-1)由高到低依次为Na(826.1)>Ca(765.2)>Mg(493.4)>Zn(112.7)>Fe(56.5)>Cu(11.4)>Mn(4.49μg·g-1)。此结果为研究抗癌新药金荞麦中微量元素与药效的内在联系和更好的开发利用该资源有一定的参考价值。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱测定蔬菜中的铅和镉

用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱测定蔬菜中的Pb和Cd,方法简便、快速.Pb和Cd检出限分别为0.14μg/L和0.13μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)＜4.69%,标准加入法回收率Pb为96.0%-104.0%,Cd为95.0%-110.0%.方法经国家一级植物标准物质验证,结果与推荐值相符.     

ICP-AES法测定滇重楼中的微量元素

探讨滇重楼中多种金属元素的测定方法,采用湿法硝酸-双氧水进行消解,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定试样中钾、镁及多种微量元素铅、铜、铁、铬、锌和锰等的方法。其检出限为0.001 3～0.084 6 μg·mL-1,变异系数为0.7%～4.6%,回收率在93.7%～108.2%,结果令人满意。发现中药滇重楼中含有比较丰富的铁元素,微量元素在中药中可能起到一定的药理作用,用ICP-AES测定中药微量元素以评价中药价值具有重要的意义。     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.     

Absorption in the final state in reactions and decays in the medium

The role of strong absorption of particles in intermediate and final states has been considered. The range of applicability of phenomenological models of absorption has been studied. This model is nonuniversal. Its applicability depends on the type of interaction Hamiltonian and matrix element used. We also demonstrate that the violation of the unitarity condition can produce a qualitative error in the results. The absorption (decay) in the final state does not tend to suppress the total process probability as well as the probability of the channel corresponding to absorption. This is true for the reactions, decays and nˉ conversion in the medium.     

室内声学中散射研究进展

近20年,界面散射研究在声场预测、定量测量和产品研发等方面取得了重要进展,加深了我 们对散射及其作用的认识。人们可以定量地评估、设计和优化散射产品,用更加丰富的手法进行室内 音质设计。     

国内CIDEP研究进展

化学诱导动态电子极化（CIDEP）是检测瞬态顺磁粒子并表征其特征的强有力的手段,对于研究光化学和光物理瞬态过程的微观机理和规律有重要意义. 本文较为详细地总结了4种常见的CIDEP机理,讨论了各种极化谱及相应的极化条件;简要介绍了国内研究小组在CIDEP理论以及在均相溶液和微复相体系中光化学过程的CIDEP研究成果.      

On phase-coherence in rescattering in multiphoton ionization and in higher-order harmonic generation

Summary  The recently discovered plateau and rings in high-order multiphoton ionization apparently have their origin in rescattering. Similarly, rescattering is involved in higher-order harmonic generation. Using a simple one-dimensional model, it is shown that the phase-coherence in this rescattering process is of considerable importance. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction. This work has been supported by the East-West Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Transportation under project no. 45.372/2-IV/6/97. One of us (JZK) acknowledges the support of the Polish Committee of Scientific Research (grant KBN 2 P03B 007 13).     

Frequency-doubling in self-induced waveguides in lithium niobate

Efficient frequency-doubling is experimentally demonstrated in presence of beam self-trapping in congruent lithium niobate crystal. The self-trapping is induced by the generated second harmonic beam via photorefractive effect under an external applied field. The local space charge field distribution, formed by the second harmonic beam, is shown to efficiently trap both wavelengths. The dynamics of self-focusing is studied along with the power evolution of the second harmonic beam. Fast tuning of phase matching conditions in the written waveguide is realized by an externally applied voltage also used for the photorefractive confinement.     

集成电路微互连结构中的热迁移

高工作电流在集成电路微互连结构中产生大量焦耳热,引起局部区域的温升、形成高温度梯度,金属原子沿着温度梯度反向运动发生热迁移.热迁移是集成电路微互连失效的主要原因之一.阐述了热迁移原理、失效模式及原子迁移方程.综述和分析了在单纯温度场、电场和温度场耦合等不同载荷条件下金属引线和合金焊料的热迁移研究.归纳并提出了集成电路微互连结构热迁移研究亟待解决的问题. 关键词： 集成电路 微互连 热迁移     

Synergism in electron gas in crossed fields

An electron gas in crossed electric and magnetic fields of arbitrary strength is considered in the framework of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is known that more than one independent frequency existing in a system, which are of comparable magnitude, can generate coherent synergic radiation. In the present system three independent frequencies exist: viz the synchrotron frequency due to the magnetic field, the hopping frequency due to the electric field, and the plasma frequency. It is shown that all these can combine to generate a new synergic coherent radiation. The results also show the possibility of interpreting the quantum nature of Hall conductance as due to density function alone. Besides these, the solution admits the Schubnikov-de Haas oscillation of the electrical conductivity due to change in the fields.     

Intermolecular interactions in acetonitrile in a liquid and in a low-temperature argon matrix

IR spectra of acetonitrile embedded in an argon matrix and in a liquid are recorded. IR spectra of specimens obtained with different concentrations of acetonitrile in argon are analyzed. The spectral region of C≡N vibrations of 2200–2300 cm⁻¹ with bands of monomers and possible associates is investigated. Overlap with the band of a hot transition on the low-frequency side is responsible for the pronounced asymmetry of the band ν(C≡N). To whom correspondence should be addressed. St. Petersburg State Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics (Technical University), 14, Sablinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 627–631, September–October, 1999.