Attraction of nonlocal dark optical solitons

We study the formation and interaction of spatial dark optical solitons in materials with a nonlocal nonlinear response. We show that unlike in local materials, where dark solitons typically repel, the nonlocal nonlinearity leads to a long-range attraction and formation of stable bound states of dark solitons.     

The solitons in Bessel lattice potential with nonlocal nonlinearity

The existence and stability of fundamental and multipole solitons in Bessel potential are studied, including linear case, and nonlocal nonlinearity cases. For linear case, the eigenvalues and eigenfunction for different modulated depths of Bessel potential are obtained numerically. For nonlocal nonlinear cases, the existence and stability of fundamental and multipole solitons are studied. The results show that there exists a critical propagation constant b _c of solitons, below which the solitons vanish. The value of b _c is associated with the eigenvalue for linear case. It is found that nonlocality can expand the stability region of solitons. Fundamental and dipole solitons are stable in the whole region and the stable range of multipole solitons increase with increasing of the nonlocal degree.     

非局域非线性介质中空间暗孤子的理论和实验研究

对非局域非线性介质中的空间暗孤子进行了研究.理论上运用牛顿迭代法求解非局域非线性薛定谔方程,得到了不同传播常数下的非局域空间暗孤子的数值解,发现在任何非局域程度以及任何传播常数条件下,都存在暗孤子的解,而且孤子的束宽与非局域程度存在一定的关系.实验上,在染料溶液中观测到了空间暗孤子在非局域非线性介质中的形成.利用输入功率所引起的非线性效应强度的变化,分析了背景光波形对暗孤子的影响,数值模拟结果与实验结果相符合. 关键词： 非局域非线性 空间暗孤子     

非局域表面暗孤子及其稳定性分析

非局域体介质中的暗孤子及表面亮孤子由于在光通信领域的潜在应用而受到极大关注,然而到目前为止却没有对非局域表面暗孤子的研究.在线性介质和非局域非线性介质的分界面上,数值模拟得到了1+1维非局域基态和二阶表面暗孤子,研究了它们的波形与传播常数和介质非局域程度的关系,基于它们的稳定性分析进行了理论推导和数值模拟.稳定性分析结果表明:1+1维非局域基态表面暗孤子在其存在区域总是稳定的,而二阶表面暗孤子是区域不稳定的,其不稳定区域的宽度与传播常数以及介质的非局域程度有关系,且受传播常数的影响更大.加噪声的初始输入传输图验证了稳定性分析结果的正确性.     

Bound states of spatial optical dark solitons in nonlocal media

It is shown that multiple dark solitons can form bound states in a series of balance distances in nonlocal bulk media. Dark solitons can either attract or repel each other depending on their separated distance. The stability of such bound states are studied numerically. There exist unstable degenerate bound states decaying in different ways and having different lifetimes.     

非局域程度对空间暗孤子相互作用的影响

对1+1维非局域自散焦介质中暗孤子的相互作用进行了研究. 数值模拟结果表明:在非局域自散焦介质中,存在着暗孤子相互作用的临界点. 在临界点上,吸引力等于排斥力;在临界点外,暗孤子间相互作用可能表现为相互吸引也可能表现为相互排斥. 关键词： 非局域自散焦 相互作用 暗孤子     

Observation of attraction between dark solitons

We demonstrate a dramatic change in the interaction forces between dark solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media. We present what we believe is the first experimental evidence of attraction of dark solitons. Our results indicate that attraction should be observable in other nonlocal systems, such as Bose-Einstein condensates with repulsive long-range interparticle interaction.     

Vortex solitons with inhomogeneous polarization in nonlocal self-focusing nonlinear media

Both azimuthally and radially polarized vortex solitons are investigated to be able to exist in highly nonlocal nonlinear media. We get exactly analytical solutions of azimuthally polarized vortex solitons with only polarization singularities and radially polarized vortex solitons with both phase singularities and polarization singularities. Both azimuthally and radially polarized vortex solitons can exist in nonlocal self-focusing nonlinear media with proper modulation of the beam power and the degree of nonlocality. Contrary to those of radially polarized counterparts in local Kerr media, the topological charge can be any integer. When the topological charge m ≠ 0, both phase singularities and polarization singularities work. When m = 0, the polarization singularities work. Azimuthally polarized vortex solitons with polarization singularities corresponds to the linearly polarized vortex solitons with single charge. Our results show that polarization singularities work the same way as phase singularities in some sense.     

General N-solitons and their dynamics in several nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations

General N-solitons in three recently-proposed nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations are presented. These nonlocal equations include the reverse-space, reverse-time, and reverse-space–time nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which are nonlocal reductions of the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) hierarchy. It is shown that general N-solitons in these different equations can be derived from the same Riemann–Hilbert solutions of the AKNS hierarchy, except that symmetry relations on the scattering data are different for these equations. This Riemann–Hilbert framework allows us to identify new types of solitons with novel eigenvalue configurations in the spectral plane. Dynamics of N-solitons in these equations is also explored. In all the three nonlocal equations, their solutions often collapse repeatedly, but can remain bounded or nonsingular for wide ranges of soliton parameters as well. In addition, it is found that multi-solitons can behave very differently from fundamental solitons and may not correspond to a nonlinear superposition of fundamental solitons.     

非局域暗孤子及其稳定性分析

由于其在通信领域潜在的应用前景, 非局域空间孤子一直是研究热点. 但空间非局域暗孤子由于其边界的特殊性, 对其特别是稳定性方面研究甚少. 提出了非局域暗孤子稳定性分析理论, 并对热非线性体介质中1+1维基态和二阶暗孤子的稳定性进行了数值分析和研究, 得到了稳定性图. 从稳定性分析图可知: 在热非线性体介质中, 1+1维基态暗孤子在其存在区域总是稳定的, 而1+1维二阶暗孤子是震荡不稳定的, 其不稳定区域的宽度与传播常数以及介质的非局域程度有关. 为了验证非局域暗孤子稳定性分析理论的正确性, 对加噪声初始输入的传输进行数值模拟得到了传输图, 传输图表明稳定性分析理论的正确性. 关键词： 非局域 稳定性 暗孤子     

Temporal behavior of dark spatial solitons in closed-circuit photovoltaic media

We show that the time-dependent nonlinear wave equation in closed-circuit photovoltaic media can exhibit quasi-steady-state and steady-state spatial solitons. We demonstrate that the formation time of open-circuit quasi-steady-state and open-circuit steady-state dark solitons decreases with an increase in the intensity ratio of the soliton, which is the ratio between the soliton peak intensity and the dark irradiance. We find that for the time-dependent nonlinear wave equation that exhibits only an open-circuit steady-state dark soliton, changing the electric current density J₀ does not generate quasi-steady-state dark solitons and affects the formation time of steady-state dark solitons and that for the time-dependent nonlinear wave equation that exhibits an open-circuit quasi-steady-state dark soliton, changing J₀ gives rise to three different time evolution regimes of the full width half maximum of the soliton’s intensity. The first regime shows that the formation time of steady-state dark solitons increases with J₀ whereas the formation time of quasi-steady-state dark solitons is independent of J₀. The second regime shows that the formation time of steady-state dark solitons decreases with an increases in J₀ and the formation time of quasi-steady-state dark solitons increases with J₀. The third regime shows that changing J₀ enables only steady-state dark solitons in the time-dependent nonlinear wave equation, of which the formation time increases with J₀.     

非局域高次非线性介质中的多极暗孤子

研究一维非局域三-五次非线性模型下,暗孤子和多极暗孤子的新解和传输特性.发现非局域程度和非线性参量变化对暗孤子的峰值和束宽产生影响,并且在特定的竞争非局域非线性参数下存在稳定基态暗孤子和多极暗孤子的束缚态.另外,讨论了在局域自聚焦三次和非局域自散焦五次非线性介质中暗孤子和两极暗孤子的传输特性,发现孤子比在自散焦三次和自聚焦五次的非线性介质中传输更加稳定.进一步研究了单暗孤子和三极暗孤子的功率与传播常数和非局域程度的关系,并讨论了不同类型暗孤子的线性稳定性问题.     

Incoherent solitons in strongly nonlocal media: The coherent density theory

We study the properties of one dimension incoherent accessible solitons in strongly nonlocal media with noninstantaneous Kerr nonlinearity. Following the coherent density theory, we obtain an exact solution of such incoherent solitons. The spatial width of the incoherent solitons is related to the incoherent angular power spectrum θ₀ as well as the incident power. The evolution properties of the intensity profile and the coherence characteristics are also discussed in detail when the solitons undergo periodic harmonic oscillation.     

Dark-bright discrete solitons: A numerical study of existence, stability and dynamics

In the present work, we numerically explore the existence and stability properties of different types of configurations of dark-bright solitons, dark-bright soliton pairs and pairs of dark-bright and dark solitons in discrete settings, starting from the anti-continuum limit. We find that while single discrete dark-bright solitons have similar stability properties to discrete dark solitons, their pairs may only be stable if the bright components are in phase and are always unstable if the bright components are out of phase. Pairs of dark-bright solitons with dark ones have similar stability properties as individual dark or dark-bright ones. Lastly, we consider collisions between dark-bright solitons and between a dark-bright one and a dark one. Especially in the latter and in the regime where the underlying lattice structure matters, we find a wide range of potential dynamical outcomes depending on the initial soliton speed.     

Elliptic incoherent solitons in strongly nonlocal media with anisotropic Kerr nonlinearity

The propagation of elliptic incoherent beam in strongly nonlocal media with noninstantaneous anisotropic Kerr nonlinearity is systematically investigated. Using the mutual coherence function approach, we obtain the existence curve of such solitons and an interesting outcome: correlation characteristics of the elliptic incoherent solitons can be anisotropic as well as isotropic. When the existence conditions of solitons are not satisfied, the elliptic incoherent beam will undergo periodic oscillation. Nonstationary evolution behaviors of the elliptic beam are shown in detail by numerical calculation. It is also obtained that the oscillation periods of the beam in x and y direction are different and the elliptic beam will become circular at some propagation distance under special conditions.     

Topological solitons and Bloch oscillations in Bose-Einstein condensate

We studied the evolution of topological solitons in the space of its width d and the conjugated momenta l during Bloch oscillations. The unstable solitons are confined in a well with its boundary as four branches of a hyperbola, the stable solitons sit at the four branches of the hyperbola (d · l = 28) which is in agreement with the generalized Heisenberg uncertainty principal Δd · Δl ? Const. The generation, annihilation, and bifurcation of solitons is going on in the well. In studying the behavior of the nonlinear interaction parameter for the stable solitons, it is found that bright solitons and dark solitons alternatively come into action during the breakdown and revival of Bloch oscillations.     

Dark optical solitons with power law nonlinearity using G′/G-expansion

This paper studies the dynamics of dark optical solitons. The G′/G-expansion approach is utilized. The byproduct of this approach is the singular periodic solution of the governing nonlinear Schrödinger's equation for its corresponding parameter regime. The constraint conditions are also in place for the existence of dark solitons.     

Generation of quadratic spatial dark soliton in periodically poled lithium niobate

In this paper, we report the evolution of quadratic spatial dark soliton in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). The generation of solitons pairs by wavefront modulation methods is investigated in both numerical simulations and experiments. We found that quadratic dark spatial solitons have analogue performances compared with that in χ⁽³⁾ defocusing Kerr media.     

Elliptic incoherent spatial solitons and their interactions in strongly nonlocal media with an anisotropic nonlocality

We investigate the propagation and interaction of elliptic incoherent spatial solitons (EISS) in strongly nonlocal kerr media with an anisotropic nonlocality based on the coherent density approach. An exact analytical solution of such EISS is obtained; the results show that such EISS can form with both isotropic and anisotropic coherence. Moreover, we find that the interaction properties of EISS are very similar to that of their coherent counterpart. Some numerical examples are presented and pertinent physics features are addressed.