表面配体和器件结构对PbS胶体量子点电池性能的影响

利用吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和循环伏安等表征技术,分析了利用四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)和1,2-乙二硫醇(EDT)配体钝化处理的PbS胶体量子点的光学性质、表面化学及其能级结构,并在此基础上分别以PbS-TBAI薄膜、PbS-EDT薄膜和PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT薄膜作为有源层制备了PbS胶体量子点/Zn O纳米粒子异质结太阳能电池,以比较研究表面配体和器件结构对器件光伏性能及其稳定性的影响。结果表明,TBAI和EDT均能与PbS胶体量子点表面原有的油酸配体实现良好置换,但是配体置换之后量子点表面均残留少量油酸分子; PbS-TBAI薄膜的导带底为-5.12 eV,价带顶为-3. 86 eV,而PbS-EDT薄膜的导带底为-4. 99 eV,价带顶为-3. 74 eV,后者相对前者出现了明显的能带上移; PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT双配体器件的光伏性能最优,能量转化效率达到4. 43%;随着空气暴露时间的增加,PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT双配体器件和PbS-TBAI单配体器件表现出相似的性能变化趋势,于3 d后达到最优光伏性能,而PbS-EDT单配体器件的空气稳定性差,3 d后的能量转换效率下降至初始效率的1/4。本工作的研究结果将不仅有助于加深对PbS胶体量子点电池性能变化规律的认识,而且有望促进该类电池制备技术的进一步优化。     

第一性原理研究O和S掺杂的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点电子结构和光吸收性质

利用密度泛函和含时密度泛函理论研究了氧(O)和硫(S)原子掺杂的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点的几何、电子结构和紫外-可见光吸收性质.结果表明:掺杂后(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点杂质原子周围的C-N键长发生了一定的改变,最高电子占据分子轨道-最低电子未占据分子轨道(HOMO-LUMO)能隙显著减小.形成能的计算表明O原子取代掺杂的(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点体系更稳定,且O原子更易取代N3位点,而S原子更易取代N8位点.模拟的紫外-可见电子吸收光谱表明,O和S原子的掺杂改善了(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点的光吸收,使其吸收范围覆盖了整个可见光区域,甚至扩展到了红外区.而且适当的杂质浓度使(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点光吸收在强度和范围上都得到明显改善.通过O和S掺杂的比较,发现二者在可见光区对(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点的光吸收有相似的影响,然而在长波长区域二者的影响有明显差异.总体而言,O掺杂要优于S掺杂对(g-C_3N_4)_6量子点光吸收的影响.     

Cu+与N-[2-羟基-1(S)-甲基]-N-甲基甘氨酸间的C-H…Cu(Ⅰ)抓氢键

采用密度泛函B3LYP(Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr)/6-311G**理论水平研究了Cu+和Cu2+离子与N-[2-羟基-1(S)-甲基]-N-甲基甘氨酸根负离子配体（PT）形成的配合物的结构,重点讨论了配合物中的C-H Cu抓氢键结构. 计算表明, 当单个配体与Cu+结合时,配合物PT•••Cu(Ⅰ)结构中有C-H Cu抓氢键形成,C-H键伸缩振动频率显著红移,键长显著增大而被活化, 配体为三齿配体;当两个配体与Cu2+结合时,配合物PT•••Cu(Ⅱ)不存在C-H Cu抓氢键结构,配体为双齿配体. NBO及AIM理论分析均表明C-H Cu抓氢键属于一种较强的基团间相互作用,在强度和电子行为上与氢键弱相互作用有本质不同.     

氯化锌修饰蓝光量子点发光二极管EI北大核心CSCD

采用氯化锌(ZnCl_(2))修饰镉基CdSe/ZnS蓝光量子点(B-QD)薄膜,发现与量子点表面结合力更强的ZnCl_(2)能够部分取代量子点长链配体油酸,有效钝化量子点表面缺陷,提高薄膜的荧光量子效率(PLQY)。此外,由于ZnCl_(2)具有偶极作用,使量子点真空能级提高0.2 eV,一方面可改善电子和空穴载流子注入平衡,另一方面可有效降低发光器件的启亮电压,提高器件的发光寿命。这种无机配体修饰量子点薄膜的方法可能为解决蓝光量子点发光二极管(B-QLEDs)因空穴注入困难和量子点表面缺陷导致器件性能不高的问题提供一个有效思路。     

铕(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及发光性能研究

分别以1,10-邻菲咯啉、三苯基氧磷、2,2’-联吡啶为第二配体,以苯甲酰丙酮为第一配体,合成了3种铕(Ⅲ)配合物。通过红外光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱和荧光光谱对其性能进行了表征。初步从理论上探讨了不同的第二配体对铕(Ⅲ)配合物光致发光性能的影响,并建立了分子内能量传递模型。结果表明：配体和配合物对紫外光都有强烈吸收,所有配合物在紫外光激发下均能发射Eu3+的特征荧光;第二配体与Eu3+间的能级差以及第一配体与第二配体间的能级差都会影响铕(Ⅲ)配合物的荧光量子效率。     

辅助配体功能化铱(Ⅲ)配合物近红外电致发光材料的合成及其性能EI北大核心CSCD

将烷基芴(Fluorene,FL)基团通过柔性烷基链连接到吡啶甲酸(Picolinic acid,pic)上,合成了辅助配体功能化的供体-受体(D-A)型铱配合物近红外电致发光材料(CH_(3)OTPA-BTz-Iq)_(2)Ir(pic-FL)(TPA:Triphenylamine为三苯胺,BTz:Benzotriazole为苯并三唑,Iq:Isoquinoline为异喹啉)。通过对其紫外-可见吸收光谱和光致发光光谱研究发现,由于主配体中强D-A作用的CH_(3)OTPA-BTz结构,配合物具有强分子内电荷转移跃迁(Charge transfer transition,ICT)吸收峰和720 nm左右的光致发光峰。与此同时,(CH_(3)OTPA-BTz-Iq)_(2)Ir(pic-FL)分子中柔性烷基链和高荧光量子效率芴基团的引入,可以提高材料光致发光效率,改善材料的溶解性能和器件成膜性能,提高电致发光效率。以配合物为发光掺杂剂制备的有机电致发光器件其最大发射峰位于722 nm左右的近红外区域,最大外量子效率(EQE_(max))为0.92%,是其母体配合物(CH_(3)OTPA-BTz-Iq)_(2)-Irpic器件效率的2.24倍(EQE_(max)为0.41%@723 nm)。     

稀土配合物Tb(Sal)3·3H2O纳米微晶的制备及发光性质

利用化学沉淀法制备了不同粒径的Tb(Sal)_3·3H_2O纳米微晶和Tb(Sal)_3·3H_2O稀土配合物。利用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析和透射电镜表征了纳米微晶和稀土配合物的结构、热性质和粒径大小。利用荧光激发和发射光谱、紫外光谱探讨了有机配体和中心离子之间的能量传递过程。结果显示Tb(Sal)_3·3H_2O纳米微晶的粒径主要分布在50～250nm区域并且发出较强铽(Ⅲ)离子的特征荧光。这些结果为进一步扩展稀土配合物在发光材料以及磁材料中的应用奠定了基础。     

适用于喷墨打印制备发光二极管的ZnO量子点配体研究

喷墨打印工艺具有无接触、材料利用率高、成本较低,以及可图案化等优势,是制备全彩量子点显示的关键技术.迁移率高、材料稳定性好的ZnO量子点薄膜作为电子传输层一直是制备量子点发光二极管的重要材料.然而,在ZnO薄膜干燥的过程中,存在ZnO量子点团聚的问题,破坏了ZnO薄膜的形貌和厚度均一性,进而劣化了器件的发光性能.通常在ZnO量子点合成后需要加入配体乙醇胺来将其稳定分散.但是研究发现,当ZnO量子点在空气中干燥成膜时,其与乙醇胺配体连接的化学键容易断裂,使ZnO量子点之间发生聚集.同时氧含量随着时间不断上升,表明外界的水氧结合在薄膜表面,进一步加剧了ZnO量子点之间的团聚.通过使用结合更加紧密的乙二胺四乙酸配体可有效地改善该现象,制备出形貌良好、厚度均匀的ZnO薄膜,进而制备出高效稳定的喷墨打印量子点发光二极管.     

2,6-双[N-(1′,1′-二甲基-2′-羟基)甲酰胺]吡啶及镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与光谱学研究

合成并表征了有机配体2,6-双[N-(1′,1′-二甲基-2′-羟基)甲酰胺]吡啶(L)及其镍(Ⅱ)配合物,采用元素分析确定目标配合物组成为C15H21N3O4Ni.H2O,通过对比分析的方法讨论了配位前后游离配体L和镍(Ⅱ)配合物的核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、红外吸收光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱的谱学性质,进而推断出镍(Ⅱ)配合物的结构。结果表明,配体2,6-双[N-(1′,1′-二甲基-2′-羟基)甲酰胺]吡啶以2个酰胺负离子N和1个吡啶环N原子为配位原子,与中心金属离子Ni(Ⅱ)通过三齿形式配位;配合物中Ni(Ⅱ)采取dsp2杂化轨道方式与配位原子构成配位键,中心金属Ni(Ⅱ)的配位数为4,1个Ni(Ⅱ)与1个三齿配体L和1个水分子配位,形成平面正方形构型的低自旋镍(Ⅱ)配合物。     

吡咯烷酮对Au_n(n=2～10)团簇保护机制的第一性原理研究

使用密度泛函理论方法研究了Aun(n=2-10)团簇与保护配体吡咯烷酮(pyrrolidone,PRD)之间的相互作用.经过在TPSS/def2-TZVP水平上的优化和遴选,得到较为稳定的Aun∶PRD(n=2-10)构型.计算表明:PRD与Au团簇间存在物理吸附作用,PRD中的O与Au相互间形成较弱的Au—O键,在二者之间存在少量的电荷转移,PRD作为电子供体,Au团簇为电子受体.表明PRD不仅能吸附在Aun(n=2-10)团簇表面阻止其聚集,而且能够影响其电子性质,但这种影响较小.这正是选择PRD作为Aun保护配体的结构基础.     

Synthesis,UV–Vis and CV properties of a structurally related series of bis(Arylimino)acenaphthenes (Ar‐BIANs)

Herein, we report the synthesis and electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization for a series of six bis(arylimino)acenaphthene, compounds commonly used as ligands in catalysis, polymerization and materials. Low energy absorption bands are the result of an intraligand charge transfer between the aryl groups and the acenaphthene core, and their energies obey a Hammett relationship with respect to substitution on the aryl. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Luminescence quenching of [Ru(bpy)3] by ruthenium(II) tetraphosphite complexes with different phosphite ligands

The luminescence quenching of excited Tris(2,2-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ions by trans-[RuCl₂{P(OR)₃}₄] complexes with different alkyl chain ligands (R=C₂H₅, C₂H₅Cl, ⁿC₄H₉, ⁱC₃H₇ o-tolyl and ^tC₄H₉) was investigated. None of the acceptor Ru(II) phosphite complexes were luminescent, and the rate constants of the bimolecular system were determined within the range of 1.15 and 0.28×10⁸ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ for R=C₂H₅ and ^tC₄H₉, respectively. The results indicate a direct effect of the alkyl chains in the rate constants, showing a decrease of k_q as a function of increased of the alkyl chains (R) in the ruthenium(II) tetraphosphite complexes. The greater the R group content in the phosphite ligand, the more difficult the electron transfer is.     

Oxygen sensing by fluorescence quenching of [Cu(btmgp)I]

A fluorescence study of acetonitrile solutions of bis(tetramethylguanidine)propane, copper(I)-iodide and [Cu(btmgp)I] was performed and the chemical reaction of the latter species with O₂ was investigated at room temperature. The actual quenching process via O₂ gassing was studied and an exponential dependence of the fluorescence intensity with respect to the complex concentration was observed.Furthermore the survey was deepened on time resolved fluorescence properties of solved [Cu(btmgp)I] in a wider concentration range. The applicability of this complex for O₂ sensing inside a microreactor system was proven by confocal fluorescence measurements. It was shown that the investigated system can be used for oxygen sensing in the copper concentration range from 10⁻² to 10⁻⁹ mol/l.     

Towards the origin of effective An(III)/Ln(III) separation by tridentate N-donor ligands: a theoretical study on atomic charges and polarisabilities for Cm(III)/Gd(III) separation

Soft N-donor ligand have shown to separate An(III) from Ln(III). The origin of the selectivity has not been entirely identified, and similar ligands show very different separation qualities. In this study we present a theoretical investigation of several relevant N-donor ligands in terms of atomic charges and polarisabilities obtained from an atoms in molecules approach. These allow new insights into the bonds between the ligands’ nitrogen atoms and the metal cation and explain a major part of the selectivity towards actinide ions. We deduct the superiority of 2,6-bis(1,2,4-triazine-3-yl)pyridines in separation quality compared to similar ligands for the Cm(III)/Gd(III) separation. Furthermore, improvements of existing ligands are developed that allow not only a direct experimental confirmation but also a systematic experimental study of the interactions and their influence on the selectivity.     

Self-Indicating Surfactants: Potentially Micellar Solvatochromic Iron(II) Complexes

The preparation of ternary iron(II) complexes [Fe(CN)₂(LL)₂] and [Fe(CN)₄(LL)]^2-, where LL = a Schiff base derived from 2-acetyl pyridine and a long chain amine 1-Me(CH₂)_nNH₂ (n = 11, 15, 17), is described. These complexes exhibit strong solvatochromism and can thus be used to probe solvation in organised aqueous media, as in ternary water - Aerosol OT- hexanol mixtures. They also have a dramatic effect on the micellisation behaviour of the uncharged surfactant Triton X-100.     

Theoretical studies of ethylene addition to transition metal compounds with carbene and oxo groups LnM(CH2)(O)

Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory at the B3LYP level in combination with relativistic effective core potentials for the metals and TZ2P valence basis sets have been carried out for elucidating the reaction pathways of ethylene addition to MeReO₂(CH₂) ( C1 ). The results are compared with our previous studies of ethylene addition to OsO₂(CH₂)₂ ( A1 ) and OsO₃(CH₂) ( B1 ). Significant differences have been found between the ethylene additions to the osmium compounds A1 and B1 and the rhenium compound C1 . Seven pathways for the reaction C1 +C₂H₄ were studied, but only the [2+2]_Re,C addition yielding rhenacyclobutane C5 is an exothermic process with a high activation barrier of 48.9 kcal mol^?1. The lowest activation energy (27.7 kcal mol^?1) is calculated for the [2+2]_Re,C addition, which leads to the isomeric form C5 ′. Two further concerted reactions [3+2]_O,C, [3+2]_O,O, and [2+2]_Re,O and the addition/hydrogen migration of ethylene to one oxo ligand are endothermic processes which have rather high activation barriers (>35 kcal mol^?1). Four isomerization processes of C1 have very large activation energies of >65 kcal mol^?1. The ethylene addition to the osmium compounds A1 and B1 are much more exothermic and have lower activation barriers than the C₂H₄ addition to C1 . Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Third-order nonlinearity and optical limiting of dichloromethane solutions of cis-Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2

Oxidized dichloromethane solutions of cis-Mo(CO)₄(PPh₃)₂ stabilized by the addition of excess PPh₃ exhibit unusual large molecular second-order hyperpolarizabilities with minimal linear absorption. To better understand the mechanism by which this occurs, DFWM, Z-scan and optical limiting experiments have been carried out on oxidized dichloromethane solutions of cis-Mo(CO)₄(PPh₃)₂ using 5.8 ns laser pulses at 532 nm. Our results demonstrate that the mechanism by which the oxidized species enhance the third-order nonlinear response is not dominated by thermal effects, but is instead due to the strong nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of the oxidized species. Moreover, the oxidized species shows very strong optical limiting properties. Such complexes would be very interesting third-order nonlinear optical materials for optical limiting applications.     

EPR evidence of local lattice mode in K3H(SO4)2 and Rb3H(SO4)2 fast-proton conductors

The observation of an anomalous temperature dependence of Mn²⁺ EPR spectra linewidth and nonaxial crystal-field parameter in K₃H(SO₄)₂ and Rb₃H(SO₄)₂ allows one to suggest the presence of “local mode” predicted by Yamada (Ferroelectrics 170 (1995) 23). The activation energy for this kind of excitation was found and equals 11.3 (0.5) and 7.4 (0.3) meV for Mn²⁺ doped K₃H(SO₄)₂ and Rb₃H(SO₄)₂, respectively.     

Interaction of oxovanadium(IV) with carboxylic ligands in aqueous solution: A thermodynamic and visible spectrophotometric study

The hydrolysis of VO²⁺ and the complex with sulfate were studied potentiometrically, spectrophotometrically and calorimetrically, in NaCl aqueous solution (0 < I ≤ 1 mol L^− 1) and at t = 25 °C. The formation of two hydrolytic species VO(OH)⁺ and VO₂(OH)₂²⁺ and one complex with sulfate was found, with log β = − 5.65 for the reaction VO²⁺ + H₂O = VO(OH)⁺ + H⁺, log β = − 7.02 for the reaction 2VO²⁺ + 2H₂O = (VO)₂(OH)₂²⁺ + 2H⁺ and log K = 1.73 for VOSO₄⁰ species (at I = 0.1 mol L^− 1 and t = 25 °C). For these species, using calorimetric data, ΔH and TΔS values were also obtained. By using the above values, interactions of VO²⁺ with acetate (ac), malonate (mal), succinate (suc), 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (tca) and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate (btc) ligands were studied potentiometrically and spectrophotometrically. The formation of ML⁺, ML₂⁰ and MLOH⁰ for ac; ML⁰, MLH⁺, ML₂²⁻ and ML₂H⁻ for mal; ML⁰, MLH⁺ and MLOH⁻ for suc; ML⁻ and MLH⁰ for tca and ML²⁻, MLH⁻ and MLH₂⁰ for btc were found. Formation constants are reported at I = 0.1 mol L^− 1, together with SIT parameters for the dependence on ionic strength. By visible spectrophotometric measurements, λ_max and ε_max values for the relevant species in solution were determined.