基于I-BGLAM纹理和光谱融合的高光谱显微成像木材树种分类

为了提高木材树种分类的正确率,提出了一种基于I-BGLAM纹理特征和光谱特征融合的高光谱图像的木材树种分类方法。实验数据是利用SOC710VP高光谱成像仪获取的可见光/近红外（372.53~1 038.57 nm）范围内的高光谱图像。首先,利用基于OIF的特征波段选择方法降低高光谱图像的维数,选择出含有信息量大的波段。其次,对选择出的波段图像使用NSCT及NSCT逆变换得到融合图像,对得到的融合图像使用I-BGLAM提取其纹理特征。与此同时,对高光谱图像的全波段求取平均光谱并进行S-G（Savitzky-Golay）平滑得到光谱特征。最后,将得到的纹理特征和光谱特征融合后送进极限学习机（ELM）中进行分类。此外,还和基于灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）的木材识别的传统方法以及近几年木材树种识别领域内被提出的主流方法进行了比较。该研究主要创新点有两个：一是将强纹理提取器I-BGLAM用于高光谱图像中提取其纹理特征;二是提出一种新的特征融合的模型用于高光谱图像的分类。针对8个树种的实验结果表明,单独使用I-BGLAM提取的纹理特征来进行分类的正确率最高可到达88.54%,而使用GLCM提取纹理特征的传统方法正确率最高只有76.04%,该结果可以得出本文使用I-BGLAM在纹理特征提取方面要优于GLCM,这为后面建立的融合模型打下很好的基础,单独使用平均光谱特征来分类的正确率最高可以达到92.71%,使用所提出的特征融合方法所得到的分类正确率最高可达到100%,这说明使用所提出的融合模型来分类要比以前单独使用某一种特征的分类模型要好。此外,使用所提出的方法得到的分类正确率要高于本领域内其他两种主流的识别方法。因此,所提出的基于I-BGLAM纹理特征和光谱特征融合的方法能够提高木材树种分类的正确率,该方法在木材树种分类方面有着一定的利用价值。     

基于形态学空间特征的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

传统的高光谱图像分类主要是基于像素的光谱特征,在一定程度上忽略了高光谱遥感图像中像素之间的空间相关性。为了充分利用高光谱图像中的空间信息,提出了一种基于加权多结构元素无偏差形态学的空间特征提取方法,并基于形态学的多尺度特征和结构保持性提出了基于邻域的多尺度空间特征提取方法,得到了高光谱遥感图像的空间特征。对k-NN分类算法进行改进,提出了基于变精度粗糙集和重构误差的k-NN分类算法,实现了基于空间特征的高光谱遥感图像分类。在两个不同的高光谱遥感图像的实验验证了基于空间特征和改进k-NN分类算法的性能。     

一种光谱与纹理特征加权的高分辨率遥感纹理分割算法

高分辨率遥感影像呈现极其丰富的光谱和结构信息,传统的基于光谱的遥感影像分割方法往往使得分割区域过于细碎且分割精度不高.尝试将纹理信息引入到特征空间以期解决该问题.本文算法中,特征空间由光谱和纹理两类构成,并采用加权最小距离分类器.光谱信息通过对原始影像的变带宽均值漂移滤波获得,纹理信息由对原始影像逐波段采用多尺度伽博(Gabor)滤波器组滤波获得;依据训练样区中各特征维的方差确定该地物类别分类时特征维的权重,并通过训练样区的特征加权平均获得各地物类别的聚类中心;最后,将像素点归为到加权聚类中心距离最小的类别.实验结果表明,提出的均值漂移带宽确定方法是有效的,加权融合算法较基于光谱的分割方法在分割精度上有一定程度的提高.     

基于高光谱特征的迷彩伪装评价

伪装效果分析是伪装设计和识别的重要环节,为了对高光谱探测下的目标伪装效果进行有效评价,结合高光谱图像光谱分辨率较高的特点,提出了一种基于高光谱特征的迷彩伪装评价方法。在光谱维,分析并提取伪装目标的光谱特征。在空间维,对图像第一主成分进行多层小波分解,提取高频分量和低频分量的比值、水平分量和垂直分量的比值以及低频图像的对比度、相关性、能量、同质性等6个特征作为纹理特征。利用欧氏距离分别计算光谱特征距离与纹理特征距离,最后将二者进行综合,距离越小说明伪装效果越好。实验数据表明:本文的方法可以量化高光谱成像下的迷彩伪装效果,评价客观。得到迷彩雨衣与草坪背景之间的综合距离为1.3225,两者融合效果最好。     

基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感影像分类研究

针对高空间分辨率遥感影像的分类问题,提出了基于深度学习的分类方法。该方法通过非下采样轮廓波变换计算影像的纹理特征,利用深度学习的常用模型—深度信念网络(DBN)对高分辨率遥感影像进行了基于光谱-纹理特征的分类,并与基于单源光谱信息的DBN分类方法、支持向量机(SVM)分类方法、传统神经网络(NN)分类方法进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:相对于单源光谱信息,利用影像的光谱-纹理特征能够有效提高高分辨率遥感影像的分类精度;相对于SVM、NN等分类方法,DBN能够更加准确地挖掘高分辨率遥感影像的空间分布规律,提高分类的准确度。     

基于多分支CNN的高光谱与全色影像融合处理

高光谱与全色影像融合旨在通过融合高空间分辨率的全色影像与低空间分辨率的高光谱影像来获得高空间分辨率的高光谱影像。基于深度卷积神经网络(CNN),提出了一种遥感影像融合方法,利用两个独立的分支网络逐级从高光谱和全色影像中提取光谱和空间特征。该融合网络由两个分支网络和一个主线网络组成,利用两个分支网络分别从高光谱与全色影像中提取空谱特征,主线网络基于分支网络提取的特征,重建得到最终融合的高空间分辨率的高光谱影像。在CAVE和Pavia Center数据集上分别进行了实验验证,通过对比可以发现,所提出的融合算法在空间细节和光谱保真度上较当前主流算法均表现出更优异的性能。     

基于特征结构相似度的遥感影像融合质量评价指标

在分析现有影像融合评价指标的基础上,根据人眼视觉特性,提出一种基于特征结构相似度的遥感影像融合评价指标.首先从原始影像和融合影像中提取空间特征和光谱特征,然后综合计算空间特征和光谱特征的结构相似度作为评价指标,达到评价影像质量的目的.通过对多种传感器获取的遥感影像进行融合实验,结果表明该客观评价方法与主观评价结果一致,...     

基于植被特征库的高光谱植被精细分类

目前,高光谱数据精细分类面临两方面问题：一方面,传统单纯利用光谱信息的分类往往难以满足各应用行业对精度的需求,另一方面,基于像元的分类结果受制于椒盐噪声,影响其有效应用。为此,提出了一种基于植被特征库构建与优化的高光谱植被精细分类策略。首先,从高光谱影像中的原始光谱特征出发,结合灰度共生矩阵和局域指示空间分析两类纹理特征,并有针对性地加入了对植被叶绿素、胡萝卜素、花青素和氮素叶面积指数等理化参量敏感的光谱指数特征,构建了完备的植被特征库,以提高植被类别间的可分性;进而对植被特征库进行光谱维优化,提出了基于类对可分性的光谱维优化算法,选择对各类对具有最高识别能力的特征波段,通过迭代使各类别间均达到较高的区分度,并利用最优索引因子法进一步降低数据冗余,以提高分类效率;在进行植被特征库空间维优化时,主要基于地物分布通常具有一定的空间连续性这一理论,提出了基于邻域光谱角距离的植被特征库空间维优化算法,以去除分类结果中的椒盐噪声,提高分类精度和分类图像平滑度。基于航空高光谱数据的植被精细分类验证表明,该方法可以显著提高分类精度,在作物品种识别、精准农业等方面将具有广泛的应用前景。     

一种改进的弱光谱畸变PCA融合方法

针对用PCA融合方法进行高光谱遥感影像和高分影像融合会出现一定程度的光谱失真问题,提出了一种改进的弱光谱畸变PCA融合方法。采用NCUT(normalized cut)影像分割算法,将复杂的高光谱遥感影像对象化, 增加融合样本的线性可分性, 从而削弱传统PCA融合产生的光谱畸变;运用图论和聚类理论生成表达像素间相似度的权重矩阵和若干掩膜,并用这些掩膜切割高光谱影像与高分影像,再分别融合其对应匹配的子区域对象,最后将所有子区域融合结果拼接成一幅影像。使用Hyperion高光谱数据和Rapid Eye高分影像进行实验,结果表明：该方法在保证融合结果空间分辨率提升和纹理信息不变的前提下,光谱保真能力优于传统的PCA融合方法。     

基于高光谱成像技术应用光谱及纹理特征识别柑橘黄龙病

讨论了基于高光谱成像技术光谱及纹理特征在识别早期柑橘黄龙病中的应用。使用一套近地高光谱成像系统采集了176枚柑橘叶片的高光谱图像作为实验样品,其中健康叶片60枚,黄龙病叶片60枚,缺锌叶片56枚。手工选取每幅叶片高光谱图像的病斑位置作为样品感兴趣区域(regions of interest, ROI),计算其平均光谱反射率,并以此作为样品的反射光谱,光谱范围为396～1 010 nm。样品光谱分别经过主成分分析(PCA)及连续投影算法(SPA)进行数据降维,再结合最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)分类器建立分类模型。相比原始光谱,由PCA选取的前四个主成分及SPA选取的一组最佳波长组合(630.4,679.4,749.4和899.9 nm)建立的模型拥有更好的分类识别能力,其对三类柑橘叶片平均预测准确率分别为89.7%和87.4%。同时,从被选四个波长的每幅灰度图像中提取6个灰度直方图的纹理特征以及9个灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征再次构建分类模型。经SPA优选的10个纹理特征值进一步提高了分类效果,对三类柑橘叶片的识别正确率达到了100%,93.3%和92.9%。实验结果表明,同时包含光谱信息及空间纹理信息的高光谱图像在柑橘黄龙病的识别中显示了很大的潜力。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.