起伏管线中的多相流液弹发展特性研究

采用差压法对起伏管线中的多相流液弹长度进行了实验测量和分析,通过对实验数据的统计分析发现,液弹长度按正态分布规律分布,在上升段液弹长度比水平段液弹长度有所减小,而在下降段,液弹长度又会有所恢复。液弹长度的减小和增加会相应地造成液弹速度的增加和减小。     

倾斜管内低温弹状汽泡和液弹长度实验研究

用高速动态分析仪对低温倾斜上升管内不同位置处弹状汽泡和液弹长度分布进行了实验观测,对获得的观测结果进行统计分析,研究弹状汽泡和液弹长度的变化规律.结果表明:相同的倾斜角下,弹状汽泡平均长度随着x/D的增大而增大.在相同的x/D下,随着倾斜角度的减小弹状汽泡平均长度先增大后减小,在60°处最大.液弹长度的整体分布规律同弹状汽泡长度分布规律有明显差异.对于各种倾斜角度下,平均液弹长度随着x/D的增大而增大;同一x/D下,随着倾斜角度的减小,平均液弹长度先增大后减小,在60°处最大,说明管子从竖直倾斜后,有助于汽泡的聚合,使液弹长度增大,在45°角处,汽泡聚合减小使液弹长度减小.该文为进一步研究低温两相弹状流特性提供了依据.     

前舱物对低速大质量平头弹侵彻金属薄板的影响

为了研究前舱物对低速大质量平头弹侵彻金属薄靶的影响,根据前舱物的力学特性,将前舱物等效为轻质泡沫铝材料,建立了含前舱物的平头弹结构有限元分析模型,开展了不同工况下带前舱物平头弹侵彻金属薄板的数值模拟计算,分析了带前舱物平头弹侵彻金属薄板的过程,对比了带前舱物平头弹和不计前舱物平头弹在不同工况下剩余速度的差异。数值计算结果表明:带前舱物平头弹与不计前舱物平头弹的侵彻过程存在明显差异,但靶板破坏模式相同;前舱物等效材料的屈服强度对平头弹侵彻性能的影响很小,可以忽略不计;前舱物有助于提高平头弹侵彻金属薄板的能力,但提升幅度有限。在实际工程应用中,可以忽略前舱物对平头弹侵彻金属薄板的影响。     

风力机翼型气弹响应的风洞模拟实验研究

非定常气弹设计是叶片大型化设计的瓶颈技术,开展叶片气弹响应实验研究具有重要的科学意义和较高的挑战性.本文提出一种气弹相似准则,搭建了模拟三维叶片弯扭耦合气弹响应的翼型俯仰沉浮二自由度风洞气弹实验平台,分析了安攻角和结构刚度对气弹稳定性和振荡形态的影响规律.研究发现了4类不同的气弹响应类型,增大刚度和安装角可以在一定程度...     

一种筒弹测试故障模拟器系统设计

为了测试人员能在平时使用模拟器系统进行测试训练。本文设计了一种筒弹测试故障模拟器系统,介绍了它的工作原理、系统的软硬件设计。该系统能对筒弹基本电气性能和测试接口进行模拟,在软件的控制下,实现模拟筒弹测试项目和模拟筒弹测试故障等功能,可以很好的完成筒弹测试设备测试人员对筒弹测试的操作训练。     

倾斜管内低温两相弹状流特性实验研究——液弹运动速度

使用高速动态分析仪对低温倾斜上升管内不同位置处弹状汽泡进行了可视化实验研究。对获得的液弹的运动速度进行了统计分析,研究了液弹运动速度的变化规律。结果表明:对于两个不同管径的管路,当倾斜角θ(相对水平方向的夹角)发生变化时,液弹的运动速度随着管径的不同呈现出不同的变化规律;随着倾斜角度的减小,液弹上升速度先增大后减小,在θ=60°和70°处达到最大值,且在管出口处,液弹的上升速度几乎不变。为进一步研究低温液氮沸腾两相弹状流发展过程中弹状汽泡运动速度提供参考依据。     

相对论性核—核碰撞中的弹核碎裂过程

本文概括了14.6AGeV,60AGeV,200AGeV~(16)O,14.5AGeV~(28)Si和200AGeV~(32)S与固定靶碰撞的弹核碎裂过程的主要实验结果,分析了弹核电磁离解截面与弹核和靶核电荷大小及弹核能量间的关系,核反应截面与弹核和靶核大小及弹核能量间的关系,得到了弹核碎片的电荷分布、横动量分布和发射角分布以及α粒子多重数分布等规律,讨论了弹核碎裂过程包括电磁离解与核反应碎裂的机制,还评述了相对论性核-核碰撞中弹核碎片的次级作用问题。     

相对论性核-核碰撞中的弹核碎裂过程

本文概括了14.6AGeV,60AGeV,200AGeV~(16)O,14.5AGeV~(28)Si和200AGeV~(32)S与固定靶碰撞的弹核碎裂过程的主要实验结果,分析了弹核电磁离解截面与弹核和靶核电荷大小及弹核能量间的关系,核反应截面与弹核和靶核大小及弹核能量间的关系,得到了弹核碎片的电荷分布、横动量分布和发射角分布以及α粒子多重数分布等规律,讨论了弹核碎裂过程包括电磁离解与核反应碎裂的机制,还评述了相对论性核-核碰撞中弹核碎片的次级作用问题。     

97MeV 16O+51V反应中α粒子与类弹产物的关联测量

测量了α粒子与类弹产物的关联,得到的α粒子符合能谱呈现出类弹、类靶相继发射的特征;α粒子与类弹产物¹²C的关联表明了弹核破裂(break-up)机制的存在.在类弹产物探测方向附近,观察到核的阴影效应.     

新型弹托脱壳机理研究

为避免脱壳穿甲弹出炮管后与炮口制退器的相互干扰,在传统"马鞍形"弹托的基础上研究了一种新型结构弹托。分析了这种弹托的脱壳机理,并对该弹托进行了脱壳试验。研究结果表明,通过调整迎风面倾斜角度、减小迎风槽和背风槽的体积大小、在前定心部开设均匀分布的圆柱形通孔,可以减小弹托的分离角度,避免了弹托与制退器的相互干扰。     

A methodology to achieve the basis function for the expansion of sound speed profile

In order to evaluate the reliability and applicability of the Empirical Orthogonal Functions（EOFs）in the acoustic inversion of sound speed profile（SSP）and reduce EOF＇s dependence on the sample data,a methodology is proposed for the achievement of the basis functions for SSP＇s expansion.By analyzing the oceanographic dynamics which is the main cause of the SSP＇s variation,the basis functions are obtained naming the Hydrodynamic Normal Modes（HNMs）.The HNM basis functions are almost the same as those derived from the EOF method,while HNMs has less dependence on the amount of the sample data.HNMs method has a physically meaningful interpretation,and it could give out the physical parameters which determine the basis functions for the expansion of SSP,and this makes it possible to analyze and evaluate the trustiness and applicability of EOFs.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Modeling of the RF system for the normal conducting linac

To study the new RF control methods, a mathematic model of the RF system for the normal conducting linac is built and implemented with the software of Matlab. The model contains some typical units of the RF system, such as the klystron, the SLED and the traveling wave accelerating tube. Finally, the model is used to study the working point of the SLED and the adaptive feed forward algorithm for the RF control system. Simulation shows that the model works well as expected.     

Voltage-controlled optical filter based on electrowetting

In this letter, we propose a voltage-controlled optical filter based on electrowetting. The device is made of a transparent cubic cell filled with two immiscible liquids having three indium tin oxide electrodes fabricated on the bottom substrate of the cell. A conductive droplet carrying a color filter is placed on the ITO electrode and the surrounding liquid is density-matched silicone oil. Under zero bias, the droplet is placed in the middle of the substrate and white light passes through the filter and we can see red light on the screen. When a voltage is applied to the device, the filter moves with the liquid based on electrowetting effect, we can see the white light on the screen. Due to the movement of the liquid, our device functions as an optical switcher. The switch time of the device is ~70 ms. The proposed device has a wide application in optical communication, electronic display, and optical switch.     

Experimental study on SC RF cavities by using China large grain niobium for ILC

Large grain niobium has the potential of simplifying the production sequence and consequently reducing the cost of the superconducting RF cavities for ILC.To investigate the feasibility of fabrication and the possibility to achieve high gradient by large grain cavities,two 1.3 GHz cavities were made of China large grain niobium and a series of vertical tests were carried out following several different surfaces treatment procedures.Two cavities have both reached the high gradient of more than 43 MV/m repeatedly and the maximum accelerating field of 47.9 MV/m has been achieved by China large grain niobium.This paper introduces the features of the fabrication and surface treatments on the large grain cavities and presents the preliminary results of the research.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Matched wavelength and incident angle for the diagnostic beam to achieve coherent grating tiling

Design and operation of a practical, accurate alignment diagnostic system is important for the grating tiling technology, which is supposed to be applied in a chirped-pulse amplification system to increase the output power. A diagnostic method is proposed and demonstrated for grating tiling. Provided that the wavelength and incident angle of the diagnostic beam are properly set, the far-field of the main laser beam and that of the diagnostic beam can vary in the same way with the tiling errors between the sub-aperture gratings. Therefore, rotational and translational errors can be controlled and compensated according to the far-field of the diagnostic beam. The real-time monitoring and alignment can be achieved without disturbing the main beam.     

A modified voice conversion algorithm using compressed sensing

A voice conversion algorithm,which makes use of the information between continuous frames of speech by compressed sensing,is proposed in this paper.According to the sparsity property of the concatenated vector of several continuous Linear Spectrum Pairs（LSP）in the discrete cosine transformation domain,this paper utilizes compressed sensing to extract the compressed vector from the concatenated LSPs and uses it as the feature vector to train the conversion function.The results of evaluations demonstrate that the performance of this approach can averagely improve 3.21%with the conventional algorithm based on weighted frequency warping when choosing the appropriate numbers of speech frame.The experimental results also illustrate that the performance of voice conversion system can be improved by taking full advantage of the inter-frame information,because those information can make the converted speech remain the more stable acoustic properties which is inherent in inter-frames.     

Acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck

There is no accurate analytical approach for the acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck,which has broad band acoustic attenuation performance in the low frequency range.To predict the acoustic performance of the resonator accurately,a general theory model based on the one-dimensional analysis approach with acoustic length corrections is developed.The segmentation method is used to calculate the acoustic parameters for sound propagation in conical tubes.And then,an approximate formula is deduced to give accurate correction lengths for conical tubes with difierent geometries.The deviations of the resonance frequency between the transmission loss results obtained by the general theory with acoustic lengths correction and the results from the finite element method and experiments are less than 2 Hz,which is much better than the results from one-dimensional approach without corrections.The results show that the method of acoustic length correction for the conical neck greatly improved the accuracy of the one-dimensional analysis approach,and it will be quick and accurate to predict the sound attenuation property of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck.