二维不可压流函数N-S方程的多重网格方法

通过对二维不可压缩N-S方程的涡量-流函数方程组消去涡量而得到仅以流函数为求解变量的控制方程,从而 使不可压N-S方程的求解个数减到最少。求解方法采用本文提出的二阶精度的九节点紧致差分格式,因此无须对靠近边 界的网格点作特殊处理。为了加快迭代收敛速度,采用多重网格加速技术。数值实验结果验证了方法的精确性和可靠性。     

非结构网格上的B-B单方程模型湍流计算

研究如何在非结构网格上进行Navier Stokes(N-S)方程湍流计算.采用格心有限体积方法离散N-S方程.为了适应非结构网格,计算所用的湍流模型特别选用Baldwin Barth(B-B)单方程模型.此模型由一个单一的具有源项的对流扩散方程组成.为了能在非结构网格上求解B B单方程模型,提出一显式有限体积格式,并直接对带源项的格式进行稳定性分析,得到了相应的时间步长限制条件.最后以平板、RAE 2822翼型、多段翼型绕流等数值算例验证了计算方法的有效性.     

基于非结构网格的高精度投影法

本文提出了一种基于非结构同位网格的求解非定常不可压缩流动的高精度投影算法。采用单元中心非结构网格,利用动量插值方法实现同位网格上的压力速度耦合,对流项和扩散项的时间离散均采用C-N格式,空间离散则分别采用QUICK格式和中心差分。运用二维衰减涡流动、圆柱绕流和顶盖振荡驱动流等经典算例对算法进行了考核,结果表明本文算法与实验结果或经典数值解良好吻合,时间和空间均达到了二阶以上的收敛精度。     

求解非定常不可压N-S方程的预处理方法

应用预处理技术,对不可压非定常N-S方程使用双时间推进法求解.当沿物理时间层推进时,连续性方程和动量方程沿伪时间方向使用隐式线Gauss-Seidel迭代法求解,对流项采用三阶迎风差分法离散.通过对不同Reynolds数、不同深宽比下非定常驱动腔内流动的模拟,数值研究了预处理法计算非定常不可压粘性流动的收敛特性,分析了沿伪时间层的迭代收敛速度对流场Reynolds数的依赖特征.     

气液两相流的间断有限元模拟

基于非结构网格,给出模拟两相流的统一间断有限元框架.其中,不可压Navier-Stokes方程采用IPDG(Interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin)方法求解;Level Set方程采用RKDG(Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin)方法求解.方腔驱动流在不同Re数时的数值结果验证了该方法在单相流动中的有效性.气泡上升过程的模拟结果表明:该方法避免了重新初始化,且计算量小、实施简单,可有效求解具有运动界面的不可压两相流问题.     

基于OpenFOAM的投影法磁流体求解器开发与验证

在开源计算流体力学C++工具包OpenFOAM环境下开发了低磁雷诺数条件下的磁流体求解器,并进行了验证。采用投影算法求解动量方程和压力泊松方程;采用非结构网格同位相容守恒算法求解电势泊松方程、感应电流和洛伦兹力;采用边界耦合方法求解流固耦合电势场。通过对均匀磁场下导电方管和导电圆管内的完全发展磁流体层流的数值模拟和解析解的对比,对求解器进行了验证。进一步对非均匀强磁场作用下导电方管和导电圆管内完全发展磁流体层流进行了数值模拟,并与ALEX实验结果进行了比较。数值解和实验结果吻合良好。所开发的求解器可用于复杂结构强磁场作用下磁流体的数值模拟研究。     

基于OpenFOAM的投影法磁流体求解器开发与验证

在开源计算流体力学C++工具包OpenFOAM环境下开发了低磁雷诺数条件下的磁流体求解器,并进行了验证。采用投影算法求解动量方程和压力泊松方程;采用非结构网格同位相容守恒算法求解电势泊松方程、感应电流和洛伦兹力;采用边界耦合方法求解流固耦合电势场。通过对均匀磁场下导电方管和导电圆管内的完全发展磁流体层流的数值模拟和解析解的对比,对求解器进行了验证。进一步对非均匀强磁场作用下导电方管和导电圆管内完全发展磁流体层流进行了数值模拟,并与ALEX实验结果进行了比较。数值解和实验结果吻合良好。所开发的求解器可用于复杂结构强磁场作用下磁流体的数值模拟研究。     

基于SIMPLE求解对流-扩散方程的一种新方法

针对SIMPLE系列算法,通过分别求解控制容积界面和节点两个位置的对流-扩散方程来提高数值计算精度,提出了一种流动与传热数值模拟的新方法。采用新的数值方法对顶盖驱动流与正方腔自然对流进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明,在相同网格划分时,新的数值方法相对迎风格式、乘方格式、QUICK格式SIMLE算法的计算精度高;而在计算精度基本相同时,新方法有较高的计算效率。     

耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流数值模拟

发展耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流场计算方法,可用于非结构网格.采用Jameson有限体积法求解耦合辐射源项的三维N-S方程.辐射源项通过求解辐射输运方程(Radiative Transport Equation RTE)获得.在空间方向上离散后,采用有限体积法求解辐射输运方程.化学模型包含11个组元,20个化学反应.采用该数值方法计算MUSES-C模型在速度为11.6 km·s^-1时的绕流流场及前驻点处的辐射热流密度.并通过对比,分析热辐射对流场的影响.     

三维不可压N-S方程的多重网格求解

应用全近似存储(Full Approximation Storage,FAS)多重网格法和人工压缩性方法求解了三维不可压Navi-er-Stokes方程.在解粗网格差分方程时,对Neumann边界条件采用增量形式进行更新,离散方程用对角化形式的近似隐式因子分解格式求解,其中空间无粘项分别用MUSCL格式和对称TVD格式进行离散.对90°弯曲的方截面管道流动和4:1椭球体层流绕流的数值模拟表明,多重网格的计算时间比单重网格节省一半以上,且无限制函数的MUSCL格式比TVD格式对流动结构有更好的分辨能力.     

A coupled finite volume solver for the solution of incompressible flows on unstructured grids

This paper reports on a newly developed fully coupled pressure-based algorithm for the solution of laminar incompressible flow problems on collocated unstructured grids. The implicit pressure-velocity coupling is accomplished by deriving a pressure equation in a procedure similar to a segregated SIMPLE algorithm using the Rhie–Chow interpolation technique and assembling the coefficients of the momentum and continuity equations into one diagonally dominant matrix. The extended systems of continuity and momentum equations are solved simultaneously and their convergence is accelerated by using an algebraic multigrid solver. The performance of the coupled approach as compared to the segregated approach, exemplified by SIMPLE, is tested by solving five laminar flow problems using both methodologies and comparing their computational costs. Results indicate that the number of iterations needed by the coupled solver for the solution to converge to a desired level on both structured and unstructured meshes is grid independent. For relatively coarse meshes, the CPU time required by the coupled solver on structured grid is lower than the CPU time required on unstructured grid. On dense meshes however, this is no longer true. For low and moderate values of the grid aspect ratio, the number of iterations required by the coupled solver remains unchanged, while the computational cost slightly increases. For structured and unstructured grid systems, the required number of iterations is almost independent of the grid size at any value of the grid expansion ratio. Recorded CPU time values show that the coupled approach substantially reduces the computational cost as compared to the segregated approach with the reduction rate increasing as the grid size increases.     

High-resolution viscous flow simulations at arbitrary Mach number

A characteristic-based unsteady viscous flow solver is developed with preconditioning that is uniformly applicable for Mach numbers ranging from essentially incompressible to supersonic. A preconditioned flux-difference formulation for nondimensional primitive variables is a key element of the present approach. The simple primitive-variable numerical flux is related to Roe’s flux-difference scheme and preserves contact discontinuities using primitive variables, with or without preconditioning. Preconditioning by a single-parameter diagonal matrix conditions the system eigenvalues in terms of nondimensional local velocity and local temperature. An iterative implicit solution algorithm is given for the preconditioned formulation and is used for several simple test and validation cases. These include an inviscid shock-tube case, flat-plate boundary layer flow at low Mach number, viscous flow past a circular cylinder at low Reynolds number and with different thermal boundary conditions, and validation cases for incompressible and transonic flows.     

Scalable parallel methods for monolithic coupling in fluid–structure interaction with application to blood flow modeling

We introduce and study numerically a scalable parallel finite element solver for the simulation of blood flow in compliant arteries. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are used to model the fluid and coupled to an incompressible linear elastic model for the blood vessel walls. Our method features an unstructured dynamic mesh capable of modeling complicated geometries, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework that allows for large displacements of the moving fluid domain, monolithic coupling between the fluid and structure equations, and fully implicit time discretization. Simulations based on blood vessel geometries derived from patient-specific clinical data are performed on large supercomputers using scalable Newton–Krylov algorithms preconditioned with an overlapping restricted additive Schwarz method that preconditions the entire fluid–structure system together. The algorithm is shown to be robust and scalable for a variety of physical parameters, scaling to hundreds of processors and millions of unknowns.     

Efficient kinetic schemes for steady and unsteady flow simulations on unstructured meshes

This paper presents efficient second-order kinetic schemes on unstructured meshes for both compressible unsteady and incompressible steady flows. For compressible unsteady flows, a time-dependent gas distribution function with a discontinuous particle velocity space at a cell interface is constructed and used for the evaluations of both numerical fluxes and conservative flow variables. As a result, a compact scheme on the unstructured meshes is developed. For incompressible steady flows, a continuous second-order gas-kinetic BGK type scheme is presented, for which the time-dependent gas distribution function with a continuous particle velocity is used on unstructured meshes. The efficiency of the schemes lies in the fact that the slopes of the flow variables inside each cell can be constructed using values of the flow variables within that cell only without involving neighboring cells. Therefore, even with the stencil of a first-order scheme, a high resolution method is constructed. Numerical examples are presented which are compared with the benchmark solutions and the experimental measurements.     

Transient adaptivity applied to two-phase incompressible flows

An anisotropic adaptation process is applied to a three-dimensional incompressible two-phase flow solver. The solver uses a level set/finite element method on unstructured tetrahedral meshes. We show how the level set function can be used to build an anisotropic mesh with good properties. Some computations with a strong transient character and large densities ratios (1/1000) are presented. We show that the efficiency of the computations can be deeply enhanced by mesh adaptations.     

不可压缩流基于块预处理的并行有限元计算

发展了一个模拟非定常不可压缩粘性流的并行有限元求解器,时间离散使用具有二阶精度的隐式中点格式,基于三维非结构四面体网格剖分,使用高阶混合有限元离散速度场（P2）和压力场（P1）.全离散格式产生的代数方程组是大型、稀疏、非对称和病态的,基于修正的压力对流扩散预处理（PCD）和精心设计的子问题迭代执行策略,采用预处理的GMRES迭代法来高效求解线性方程组.利用相同的子问题迭代策略,同时给出基于最小二乘交换子（LSC）预处理的并行效率对比.大量数值算例验证了算法的精度、可扩展性和可靠性.三维驱动方腔流模拟结果（Re=3200.0）清晰地显示了方腔流中主涡（PE）、下游二次涡（DSE）、上游二次涡（USE）、侧壁涡（EWV）和TGL涡的存在.     

A singularity-avoiding moving least squares scheme for two-dimensional unstructured meshes

Moving least squares interpolation schemes are in widespread use as a tool for numerical analysis on scattered data. In particular, they are often employed when solving partial differential equations on unstructured meshes, which are typically needed when the geometry defining the domain is complex. It is known that such schemes can be singular if the data points in the stencil happen to be in certain special geometric arrangements, however little research has specifically addressed this issue. In this paper, a moving least squares scheme is presented which is an appropriate tool for use when solving partial differential equations in two dimensions, and the precise conditions under which singularities occur are identified. The theory is used to develop a stencil building algorithm which automatically detects singular stencils and corrects them in an efficient manner, while attempting to maintain stencil symmetry as closely as possible. Finally, the scheme is applied in a convection–diffusion equation solver and an incompressible Navier–Stokes solver, and the results are shown to compare favourably with known analytical solutions and previously published results.     

求解多维欧拉方程的二阶非结构网格混合旋转Riemann求解器

将基于旋转近似Riemann求解器的二阶精度迎风型有限体积方法推广到非结构网格,采用基于网格中心的有限体积法,梯度的计算采用基于节点的方法引入更多的控制体模板,限制器的构造采用与非结构化网格相适应的形式.在求解Riemann问题时,沿具有一定物理意义的两个迎风方向,即控制体界面两侧速度差矢量方向及与之正交的方向.能够完全消除基于Riemann求解器的通量差分裂格式存在的激波不稳定或"红斑"现象.为减小计算量,采用HLL和Roe FDS混合旋转格式.     

The theoretical research of basic function method in incompressible viscous flow and its simulations in three-dimensional aneurysms

Basic function method is developed to treat the incompressible viscous flow. Artificial compressibility coefficient, the technique of flux splitting method and the combination of central and upwind schemes are applied to construct the basic function scheme of trigonometric function type for solving three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations numerically. To prove the method, flows in finite-length-pipe are calculated, the velocity and pressure distribution of which solved by our method quite coincide with the exact solutions of Poiseuille flow except in the areas of entrance and exit. After the method is proved elementary, the hemodynamics in two- and three-dimensional aneurysms is researched numerically by using the basic function method of trigonometric function type and unstructured grids generation technique. The distributions of velocity, pressure and shear force in steady flow of aneurysms are calculated, and the influence of the shape of the aneurysms on the hemodynamics is studied. Supported by the National Natural Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40874077, 40504020, and 40536029) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806304)     

Development of Lattice Boltzmann Flux Solver for Simulation of Incompressible Flows

A lattice Boltzmann flux solver (LBFS) is presented in this work for simulation of incompressible viscous and inviscid flows. The new solver is based on Chapman-Enskog expansion analysis, which is the bridge to link Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations and lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE). The macroscopic differential equations are discretized by the finite volume method, where the flux at the cell interface is evaluated by local reconstruction of lattice Boltzmann solution from macroscopic flow variables at cell centers. The new solver removes the drawbacks of conventional lattice Boltzmann method such as limitation to uniform mesh, tie-up of mesh spacing and time interval, limitation to viscous flows. LBFS is validated by its application to simulate the viscous decaying vortex flow, the driven cavity flow, the viscous flow past a circular cylinder, and the inviscid flow past a circular cylinder. The obtained numerical results compare very well with available data in the literature, which show that LBFS has the second order of accuracy in space, and can be well applied to viscous and inviscid flow problems with non-uniform mesh and curved boundary.