基于DCO-OFDM的帧内信号时域调整技术研究(英文)

在传统OFDM系统中,OFDM码元在信道特性不佳时可能会超出保护间隔并严重影响相邻码元,从而造成码间干扰和载波间干扰.针对此类干扰,在高速非相干光OFDM通信系统中,提出了一种基于直流偏置光OFDM的帧内信号时域调整方案.该方案运用傅里叶变换的基本性质,通过简单的频域子信道预处理,便可以将直流偏置光OFDM时域信号进行帧内交叉性时序搬移,使信号能量从码元边缘部分集中到中间部分.数值模拟表明,该方案能显著降低因码元超出保护间隔而引起的码间干扰和载波间干扰,从而有效改善系统的误码率性能.对于某些通过减小保护间隔来提高信息传输有效性的光OFDM系统,该方案也具有很大意义.     

一种鲁棒性强的OFDM 水声通信系统*

为了在不同衰落水声信道下实现正交频分复用水声通信,该文提出了一种鲁棒性强的正交频分复用水声通信方案,方案包括编码调制、信道估计和多普勒估计等内容。为了使该系统更稳健,整个信道编码分为两个步骤。首先,循环冗余校验编码器和里德-所罗门编码器用于编码整个数据包,然后循环冗余校验编码器和Turbo 编码器用于编码每个数据帧,其中比特交织编码调制技术用来对抗信道的时变特性。为了得到水声信道估计,使用线性最小均方误差估计器来处理导频数据得到信道估计值。多普勒估计包括帧的多普勒估计和符号的多普勒估计。实验结果表明该系统在不同的衰落信道下都能实现正确的跟踪和译码,系统的鲁棒性能优越。此外,该系统算法计算简单,易于实现,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

一种面向中继协作频谱感知系统的自适应全局最优化算法

该文研究了冗余中继, 次用户及中继用户数目, 检测门限, 信道传输错误率等因素对中继协作频谱感知系统性能的影响, 并提出一种新的自适应全局最优化算法.该算法基于获得最大无干扰功率的自适应中继选择方法, 确定备选认知中继集合;单个次用户以信道传输错误率最小为准则, 从备选认知中继集合中自适应选择最佳中继, 使总体检测率最大;在给定目标检测率的条件下, 以系统吞吐量最大为准则, 给出了自适应全局最优化算法.仿真实验结果表明新算法信道传输精度高, 信道吞吐量大, 节约带宽资源.     

基于水声信道传播时延排序的分层空时信号检测

基于分层空时编码的多输入多输出技术是一种极具潜力的高速水声通信技术, 但要实现这种潜力需要复杂的空时信号处理方法, 以抵消来自水声信道的多径干扰和异步到达干扰, 以及叠加在接收端的各层信号之间的干扰. 对低复杂度的空时信号处理方案进行了研究, 提出了一种基于子信道传播时延排序的有序连续干扰抵消信号检测算法, 利用子信道间的传播时延差, 实现可使差错概率最小的最佳检测排序; 给出了利用信道估计, 以极低的计算量确定排序的方法, 从而可以大幅降低信号检测的计算复杂度. 采用低复杂度的单载波频域均衡来抵消水声信道中的码间干扰和异步到达干扰. 仿真结果表明, 基于时延排序的信号处理算法可以获得检测性能的改善, 而且性能增益在高数据率时更加显著. 研究结果表明, 采用有效的信号处理方法可使水声信道中造成信号检测干扰的传播时延成为改善系统性能的有利因素.     

OFDM水声通信系统中基于中继选择的资源分配算法

针对水声通信中继系统中系统容量和中继选择问题,本文提出了一种基于中继选择的资源分配算法。首先将每条中继链路的信道增益等效为虚拟直传链路的信道增益,然后在等功率分配的前提下,根据信道信息最佳原则,提出了一种中继选择及资源分配的多用户迭代算法,以实现对每个用户的传输链路进行选择和子载波分配,最后通过线性迭代注水算法进行功率分配。仿真结果表明,所提算法在保证目标速率的前提下,提升了系统容量。     

一种改进的DVB-T信道估计算法

针对传统DVB-T系统信道估计算法估计精度低或复杂度高的问题,为了提高信道估计算法整体性能,提出了一种改进的DVB-T信道估计算法。该算法首先采用最小二乘法估计离散导频处频率响应估计值;进而,利用连续导频对信噪比进行估计;最后,将得到的信噪比估计值与预先设定的信噪比阈值进行比较,若估计值小于阈值,则先经过卡尔曼滤波处理,再在时频二维方向上用高斯插值得到全部子载波的频率响应值,否则直接在时域和频域上进行插值。此方法在信道条件较好时关闭卡尔曼滤波过程,从而有效减少滤波次数,提高算法整体运行速度。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高系统整体性能,减少在噪声影响较大时的干扰,同时也兼顾了算法整体运行速度。     

相干光FBMC/OQAM系统的信道和载波频率偏移联合估计及补偿方法研究

色散和激光器频率偏移能够对使用交错正交幅度调制格式的相干光滤波器组多载波(CO-FBMC/OQAM)系统产生严重影响。针对这个问题,重点研究了该系统的基于训练序列的信道和载波频率偏移联合估计及补偿方法。详细分析了CO-FBMC/OQAM系统的信道传输模型,对训练序列的结构进行了设计和优化,抑制了固有虚部干扰(IMI)的影响。为了消除信道噪声对估计过程的干扰,提出了基于不同帧之间频域平均的估计方法。该方法将实值导频的交叉关联函数在不同帧之间进行频域平均,取其相位后获得载波频率偏移估计值。信道响应也在不同帧之间进行频域平均后得到最终估计值。搭建了CO-FBMC/OQAM系统的数值仿真平台,并研究了激光器频率偏移不同时,经过1500km标准单模光纤传输后系统的误差幅度矢量和误码率。数值仿真结果表明:不管是在背靠背场景下,还是在1500km光纤传输后,该方法都能够抑制色散和激光器频率偏移的影响,有效提升系统的传输性能。     

利用目标信道特性约束的信道匹配检测算法

浅海有源声呐的探测性能主要受到多途扩展以及混响干扰的影响。为了提高声呐系统的检测性能,根据双扩展信道匹配原理,结合混响信道与声呐目标信道特点,提出了一种基于回波特性约束的信道匹配检测算法。该算法通过最小二乘匹配追踪算法估计信道稀疏响应,并根据混响和目标信道的扩展差异,通过约束目标信道扩展对稀疏信道响应去冗余,得到更精确的目标回波信道响应。利用该信道响应进行信道匹配检测,可以进一步提高信混比处理增益。数值仿真结果表明所提算法可以有效汇集多途信号能量并抑制混响干扰,提高声呐系统的检测性能;海试数据处理结果显示,在试验信道条件下,所提算法处理结果的峰值信混比,与匹配滤波相比提升约7~12 dB,与传统自适应相关器相比提升约6~7 dB。      

基于CS的低压电力线载波通信信道估计

针对低压电力线通信环境多径干扰的特点,建立了正交频分复用的压缩感知信道估计模型,将信道估计转换为压缩感知理论中稀疏度未知的号重构问题,首次采用压缩感知的稀疏自适应匹配追踪方法重构出低压电力线载波通信多径信道的冲击响应。仿真表明与其它常用信道估计算法相比,所提出的压缩感知信道估计算法在频谱利用率以及估计性能方面比传统方法有显著提高,在未知稀疏度的情况下,为低压电力线载波通信系统提供了一种稳定、可行的信道估计方案。     

ZigBee网络中基于信道状态预测的WiFi干扰避免方法

针对2.4G频段上WIFI网络对zigbee网络产生的信道干扰问题,提出了一种基于信道状态预测的干扰避免算法。该算法采用隐马尔科夫模型预测下一时刻zigbee网络的16个信道状态,如果指示下一时刻某个信道状态低于某个阀值,就将该信道替换到信道序列的最后一个,从而形成一个新的信道序列,并根据新的信道序列动态调整zigbee网络的工作信道。使该网络工作在最安静的信道上,从而避免来自WIFI的干扰。最后在Simulink中建立了zigbee网络通信模型用于验证该算法,仿真结果表明,与常用的信道分配方法相比,此方法能够根据隐马尔科夫模型预测下一时刻的信道状态,动态更新信道序列。增加了空闲信道选择的命中率。该算法不但节省节点能耗,还缩短传输时延。具有复杂度低、精确度高的特点。     

Alternative threshold-based channel estimation and message-passing-based symbol detection in MIMO-OTFS systems using superimposed pilots

In this work, we investigate the challenging problem of channel estimation in high-mobility environments for advanced mobile communication systems (5G and beyond). First, we propose an iterative algorithm for channel estimation and symbol detection in the delay-Doppler domain for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) system. The proposed algorithm is based on a superimposed pilot pattern to improve the spectral efficiency of the system. It iterates between data-aided channel estimation and message-passing-aided data detection. The channel estimation step is based on a threshold method. This step considers interference-plus-noise caused by the data symbols and the additive noise to adapt the threshold at each iteration. The data detection step is based on an adapted version of the message-passing algorithm proposed in the literature for uncoded OTFS. Then, to improve the channel estimation efficiency, we suggest an interference cancellation scheme executed at each iteration of the proposed algorithm. Finally, we compare the computational complexity and the achieved performance in terms of normalized mean square error of channel estimation, bit error rate, and spectral efficiency against five state-of the-art methods.     

Joint fast time-varying channel estimation with noise elimination and ICI cancellation for LTE-V2X systems

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is essential for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and critical technology to ensure traffic safety. Aiming at the problems of noise interference, time-varying, and inter-carrier interference (ICI) in the LTE-V2X channel, a joint fast time-varying channel estimation with noise elimination and ICI cancellation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, using the autocorrelation characteristics of the Zadoff Chu (ZC) pilot sequence, a modified discrete Fourier transform (M-DFT) channel estimation algorithm is proposed to eliminate the noise in cyclic prefix (CP). Secondly, a joint iterative direct decision (IDD) and time-varying channel fitting (CF), called IDD-CF channel estimation algorithm, is proposed to track the rapid changes of channels on different symbols and eliminate ICI. The system simulation results show that the proposed joint fast time-varying channel estimation algorithm can effectively eliminate the noise and ICI, improve the performance of channel estimation, and have better robustness under different Doppler frequency shifts than the representative channel estimation algorithm.     

一种混沌扩频序列的产生方法及其优选算法

提出一种基于组合映射模型产生混沌扩频序列的方法. 根据扩频序列的特性要求和多址干扰性能指标,给出了一种混沌扩频序列的优选算法;将得到的优选序列应用于直扩码分多址系统,在不同信道条件下进行仿真,并与优选的Logistic混沌扩频序列进行性能比较,结果表明本方法产生的混沌扩频序列具有和Logistic混沌扩频序列相近的良好性能,而且保密性更好. 关键词： 码分多址 优选算法 多径信道 误码率     

基于动态阈值匹配追踪的主动声呐直达波抑制方法

双基地声呐中的直达波干扰可以通过重构抵消的方式进行抑制。这种方法需要对直达波信道进行估计，传统的正交匹配追踪算法的收敛速度慢，分步正交匹配追踪等算法在提高收敛速度时牺牲了信道估计精度，导致回波检测能力下降。本文提出一种动态阈值匹配追踪算法估计直达波的信道响应，在提高收敛速度的同时兼顾了信道估计精度。在仿真环境中，达到同样的直达波抑制效果，所提算法与传统正交匹配追踪算法相比，收敛速度显著提升，检测输出的回波强度比分步正交匹配追踪算法高4dB；海试数据处理结果中，所提方法迭代收敛速度较正交匹配追踪算法提升4倍；输出的回波强度比分步正交匹配追踪算法高2dB。     

Noise source identification of diesel engine based on variational mode decomposition and robust independent component analysis

Through separating and identifying the noise sources of diesel engine, each independent noise obtained can be used as reference for the noise reduction, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. In the noise source identification of diesel engine, the combustion noise and the piston slap noise are found to be overlapped in time domain and frequency domain. So it is intricate to accurately separate them. Therefore, the noise source identification method which is based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), robust independent component analysis (RobustICA) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is proposed. In the test, a 6-cylinder diesel engine was tested in a semi-anechoic chamber. The lead wrapped method was adopted to wrap No. 1–5 cylinders so as to isolate the interference noises, only the No. 6 cylinder part was bared. The single channel noise signal of cylinder head was measured. Then the variational mode decomposition algorithm is utilized to decompose the noise signal into several variational mode components. The RobustICA algorithm is adopted to extract the independent components. Finally, the continuous wavelet transform and the prior knowledge of diesel engine are applied to further identify the separated results. The results show that by using the proposed method to separate and identify the radiation noise of the cylinder head of the diesel engine, the independent components obtained are respectively the combustion noise and the piston slap noise. Comparing with the EEMD-RobustICA-CWT method, each independent noises obtained through the proposed method are more accurate and pure with less other interference noises.     

Distributed adaptive bit-loading for spectrum optimization in multi-user multicarrier systems

This paper presents a low-complexity discrete bit-loading algorithm for multi-user multicarrier systems with application to spectrum balancing in digital-subscriber-lines. The algorithm can be implemented in a distributed manner using limited information that is sent to modems by a spectrum management center (SMC). The SMC classifies users in the network as strong or weak, based on their channel and noise conditions. Weak users execute a discrete bit-loading algorithm approximating water-filling, such as the Levin–Campello (LC) algorithm, while strong users use a rate-penalty table along with a modified LC algorithm to limit their interference to weak users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve near-optimal performance. In addition, polite bit and gain adaptation algorithms are developed using the structure of the proposed bit-loading algorithm, which enables easy and fast adaptation to channel and noise variations.     

基于状态估计的混沌直扩信号联合均衡与解调

针对混沌直接序列扩频信号(以下称混沌直扩信号)通过非理想信道,利用信道和混沌直扩信号的状态方程及其均衡和解调的关联性,提出一种基于状态估计的联合均衡与解调算法.算法采用多扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended kalman filter,EKF)结构,一边对信道均衡,一边估计二进制信息码,二者互为因果,同时进行,不仅可以有效克服非理想信道所带来的多径信道畸变、加性噪声等对信号的影响,还可将掩藏在混沌直扩信号中的原始二进制信息码解调出来,比均衡和解调分离的做法更有效地利用信息,有更好的实时性.仿真结果表明,所提出的算法收敛速度快,能在信道特性未知情况下较好地抵御多径效应和噪声影响,实现了混沌直扩信号在非理想信道条件下的有效可靠传输. 关键词： 混沌直扩通信 非理想信道 联合均衡与解调算法 扩展卡尔曼滤波     

A waveform synthesis algorithm for active control of transformer noise: implementation

For the active control of the transformer noise, a newly developed adaptive algorithm based on waveform synthesis was proposed in [19], where a comparison of the performance of the proposed algorithm with the FXLMS algorithm made on a single channel system showed the feasibility of the algorithm. This paper describes the implementation of the proposed algorithm on a multiple channel adaptive control system, which is used to control the noise radiated by a small transformer in an anechoic chamber. The implementation shows that the proposed algorithm requires less memory and less computation load than a typical implementation of the FXLMS algorithm and that a controller realised with the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce transformer noise and be quite robust.     

基于DSP+FPGA的元器件焊接垂直度识别方法

为实现电路板上柱状元器件焊接垂直度的精准检测,设计了一款基于DSP+FPGA的垂直度识别系统。DSP承担核心算法任务,FPGA作为数据预处理单元,完成接口的逻辑、系统的互连以及数据通道。在硬件平台上嵌入了基于元器件形心配准的垂直度识别算法。首先对预处理的图像利用改进的Canny算法提取元器件的像素级边缘,并采用边缘跟踪算法去除噪点和干扰边缘并对元器件进行编号,在粗提取的边缘上用Zernike矩算法来精确定位元器件亚像素级边缘。在此基础上,提取元器件轮廓的最小外接矩形来修正边缘并得到每个元器件的形心坐标,最后根据形心的偏移距离来完成每个元器件垂直度的识别。实验结果表明,该垂直度识别系统的设计方案识别结果精度高,检测速度快,满足实时性要求,具有重要的实际工程意义。