NaZnLa(PO4)2中Ce3+和Tb3+的发光

采用高温固相反应合成了NaZnLa(PO₄)₂中掺杂Ce³⁺、Tb³⁺的荧光体,对其晶体结构、发光行为进行了研究,并尝试对NaZnLa(PO₄)₂:Ce,Tb荧光体进行调制。NaZnLa(PO₄)₂是LaPO₄的同构物,为单斜晶系独居石结构,从XRD谱数据得到NaZnLa(PO₄)₂基质的晶胞参数为a=0.6823nm,b=0.7045nm,c=0.6497nm,β=1039°,v=0.303nm³,其晶胞参数与单斜LaPO₄的晶胞参数相似。在NaZnLa(PO₄)₂:Ce,Tb荧光体中,Ce³⁺对Tb³⁺有良好的敏化作用,掺杂适量的BO₃^3-、Al³⁺、Dy³⁺,可以增强发光亮度。     

近紫外光激发黄色荧光粉Ba3Y4O9：Dy3+的制备及发光特性

通过高温固相法合成了一系列Ba₃Y_4-xO₉：xDy³⁺荧光粉材料。利用X射线粉末衍射、荧光光谱和荧光寿命对样品进行了表征。实验表明,样品的激发光谱由一系列线状峰组成,峰值分别位于328,355,368,386,427,456,471 nm。在355 nm激发下,荧光粉在490 nm（⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2）和580 nm（⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2）处有很强的发射,发射光谱的色坐标位于黄光区域。研究了不同Dy³⁺掺杂浓度对样品发光性质的影响,发现样品的发光随着Dy³⁺浓度的增大而增强,但光谱形状基本保持不变,表明Dy³⁺占据了基质中低对称性的Y³⁺格位。当Dy³⁺摩尔分数x=0.08时出现发光强度猝灭现象,浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用。样品的发光寿命随着Dy³⁺浓度的增大逐渐减小,进一步证明了Dy³⁺离子之间存在着能量传递现象。Ba₃Y₄O₉：Dy³⁺荧光粉的发光位于黄光区域,有较好的热稳定性,是潜在的白光LED用荧光粉材料。     

白色长余辉材料CaxMgSi2O5+x：Dy3+系列的发光性能

制备并研究了一系列具有白色长余辉的钙镁硅酸盐材料,Ca_xMgSi₂O_5+x:Dy³⁺(x=1,2,3)。在紫外激发的发射谱中观察到来自Dy³⁺的4f组态内发射:对应⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2跃迁的蓝色发射(480nm)以及对应⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2跃迁的黄色发射(575nm)。低压汞灯(254nm)辐照后产生的长余辉光谱成分与发射谱相同,蓝光与黄光的混合组成白色光。对所研究的大部分样品,白色长余辉发射持续时间超过1h。研究了发射光强度对Dy³⁺浓度的依赖以及黄光与蓝光强度比与Dy³⁺掺杂浓度之间的关系,发现不同的基质有不同Dy³⁺浓度的依赖关系。室温以上的热释光谱表明所研究材料在室温以上具有丰富的热释光峰,因此有潜力进一步改善其长余辉性能。结合实验结果和以往研究,简要讨论了这一类材料的陷阱来源和长余辉发射机理。     

Na_2CaSiO_4:Sm~(3+),Eu~(3+)荧光粉的发光特性和能量传递

利用高温固相法合成Na_2CaSiO_4:Sm~(3+),Eu~(3+)系列荧光粉末,研究了Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)掺杂对Na_2CaSiO_4晶体结构的影响、材料发光特性以及存在的能量传递现象.X射线衍射结果表明Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)单掺及共掺样品均为单相的Na_2CaSiO_4结构,晶体结构没有改变.Na_2CaSiO_4:Sm~(3+)荧光样品在404 nm激发波长下呈现峰峰值为602 nm的橙红色荧光,来源于~4G_(5/2)→~6H_(7/2)跃迁.Na_2CaSiO_4:Eu~(3+)荧光样品在395 nm激发波长下发射出峰峰值为613 nm的红色荧光.对光谱和荧光寿命的测试和分析结果表明Sm~(3+)与Eu~(3+)之间存在能量传递,通过理论计算得到Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)之间的能量传递临界距离为1.36 nm,相互作用形式为电四极-电四极相互作用.随着Eu~(3+)掺杂浓度的增加,能量传递效率也逐渐提高至20.6%.     

2018年10期 电子期刊

采用自蔓延燃烧法结合高温热处理方法制备了镝离子掺杂浓度不同的七铝酸十二钙（12CaO·7Al₂O₃:x% Dy³⁺,C12A7:x% Dy³⁺） X射线荧光粉材料。实验发现,该系列荧光粉在350 nm激发下,可观察到位于486 nm和575 nm的两个发光峰,其分别来源于Dy³⁺离子的⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2和⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2跃迁。当镝掺杂摩尔分数为0.3%时,两个发光峰的发射强度最大。在氮气气氛下,1 300℃热处理C12A7:x% Dy³⁺荧光粉后,与未热处理样品相比,笼中OH^-基团减少,导致其光激励发光强度显著增大,并产生了更多的深陷阱。通过使用氮气气氛热处理后的C12A7:0.3% Dy³⁺粉末制成的成像板,以包覆有绝缘层细电线为成像目标,发现在合适的X射线吸收剂量下（0.54 Gy）,可以实现高质量的X射线成像。以上实验结果表明,镝掺杂的七铝酸十二钙X射线荧光粉材料在数字化静态X射线图像目标检测技术中有潜在的应用前景。     

SrZn2(PO4)2:Sn2+,Mn2+荧光粉的发光性质及其能量传递机理

采用高温固相法制备了SrZn₂(PO₄)₂:Sn²⁺(SZ₂P:Sn²⁺), SrZn₂(PO₄)₂:Mn²⁺(SZ₂P:Mn²⁺), SrZn₂ (PO₄)₂:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺(SZ₂P:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺) 荧光粉. 通过X射线衍射、激发和发射光谱详细研究了荧光粉的物相和发光性质. 在SrZn₂(PO₄)₂ 基质中, Sn²⁺离子发射光谱是峰值位于461 nm宽带谱, 归属于Sn²⁺离子的³P₁→¹S₀能级跃迁, SZ₂P:Mn²⁺激发光谱由基质吸收带(200–300 nm)和位于352, 373, 419, 431和466 nm的一系列激发峰组成, 分别对应Mn²⁺离子的⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴E(⁴D), ⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴T₂(⁴D), ⁶A₁(⁶S)→[⁴A₁(⁴G), ⁴E(⁴G)], ⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴T₂(⁴G)和⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴T₁(⁴G)能级跃迁, 因此, SZ₂P:Sn²⁺ 的发射光谱与SZ₂P:Mn²⁺的激发光谱有较大范围的重叠. 结果表明Sn²⁺对Mn²⁺发光有明显的敏化作用. 基于Dexter电多极相互作用能量传递公式和Reisfeld近似原理分析, 荧光粉SZ₂P:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺中Sn²⁺-Mn²⁺离子之间的能量传递机理属于电四极-电四极相互作用引起的共振能量传递, 并计算出Sn²⁺-Mn²⁺离子之间能量传递临界距离R_c ≈ 1.78 nm. 通过改变Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺离子掺杂浓度, 实现了荧光粉发光颜色的调节, 在254 nm短波紫外激发下荧光粉发出较强的蓝白光. 研究结果表明SZ₂P:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺荧光粉有望应用于紧凑型节能灯照明领域, 随着半导体紫外芯片技术的发展, 有潜力应用于未来的白光发光二极管照明领域.     

Structural and lithium intercalation studies of Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 phases (0≤x≤0.50)

Materials from the Mn_(0.5−x)Ca_xTi₂(PO₄)₃ (0≤x≤0.50) solid solution were obtained by solid-state reaction in air at 1000 °C. Selected compositions were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrochemical lithium intercalation. The structure of all samples determined by Rietveld analysis is of the Nasicon type with the R space group. Mn²⁺/Ca²⁺ ions occupy only the M1 sites in the Ti₂(PO₄)₃ framework. The divalent cations are ordered in one of two M1 sites, except for the Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ phase, where a small departure from the ideal order is observed by XRD and ³¹P MAS NMR. The electrochemical behaviour of Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ and Mn_(0.5−x)Ca_xTi₂(PO₄)₃ phases was characterised in Li cells. Two Li ions can be inserted without altering the Ti₂(PO₄)₃ framework. In the 0≤y≤2 range, the OCV curves of Li//Li_yMn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ cells show two main potential plateaus at 2.90 and 2.50–2.30 V. Comparison between the OCV curves of Li//Li_(1+y)Ti₂(PO₄)₃ and Li//Li_yMn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ shows that the intercalation occurs first in the unoccupied M1 site of Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ at 2.90 V and then, for compositions y>0.50, at the M2 site (2.50–2.30 V voltage range). The effect of calcium substitution in Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃ on the lithium intercalation is also discussed from a structural and kinetic viewpoint. In all systems, the lithium intercalation is associated with a redistribution of the divalent cation over all M1 sites. In the case of Mn_0.50Ti₂(PO₄)₃, the stability of Mn²⁺ either in an octahedral or tetrahedral environment facilitates cationic migration.     

白光LED用Ca3Si3O9：Dy3+荧光粉的制备及其发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了可用于白光LED的新型Ca₃Si₃O₉:Dy³⁺荧光粉, 通过对样品的X 射线衍射谱及光致发光光谱的测试和表征, 研究了Ca₃Si₃O₉:Dy³⁺的物相结构和发光性能. 结果显示, Ca₃Si₃O₉:Dy³⁺的发射光谱是由位于483 nm和577 nm处的主峰构成的双峰谱线, 激发光谱为多峰宽谱, 谱峰位于290–480 nm范围内. Dy³⁺掺杂浓度对Ca₃Si₃O₉:Dy³⁺发光性能有明显的影响, 随着Dy³⁺浓度的增大, Ca₃Si₃O₉:Dy³⁺的发光强度和黄、蓝光发射强度比 (Y/B) 均呈现先增大后减小的规律, 最大发光强度值对应的Dy³⁺浓度为1 mol%. 电荷补偿剂Li⁺能提高Ca₃Si₃O₉:Dy³⁺的发光强度, 特别当Li⁺浓度为2–4 mol%时, 荧光粉的蓝光发射强度显著增大. 关键词： 白光LED 溶胶-凝胶法 3Si₃O₉：Dy³⁺')" href="#">Ca₃Si₃O₉：Dy³⁺ 发光特性     

Synthesis and properties of a new copper(II)-hafnium phosphate Cu0.5Hf2(PO4)3

Phosphates of general formula M_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃ with M=Cd²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by several physical techniques. The compounds containing Cd²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ belong to the Nasicon-type structure, whereas Cu_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃ exhibited substantially different DRX patterns. Combined temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) showed that the copper in Cu_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃ was distributed between two energetically different sites in proportions respectively equal to 40 and 60%. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) investigations confirmed the TPR/TPO results and revealed that the two sites hosting the Cu²⁺ ions are of orthorhombic symmetry. Moreover, the Cu²⁺ ions might be reduced by hydrogen to Cu⁺. These results were also supported by the UV–visible studies that showed the disappearance, under reducing conditions, of the band corresponding to crystal field transitions of Cu²⁺ ions and the emergence of a new peak attributed to the transitions between (3d)¹⁰ and (3d)⁹(4s)¹ Cu⁺ levels. At the same time, IR spectroscopy confirmed that protons entered the open lattice framework of the material and gave rise to a new protonated phase containing monovalent copper Cu_0.5^IH_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃. This redox process was proven to be reversible without any subsequent change in the network of the phosphate.     

一种新型的白光LED用绿色荧光粉Ca_8MgLu(PO_4)_7∶Tb~(3+)

采用高温固相法合成一种单一纯相绿色荧光粉Ca8Mg Lu(PO4)7∶Tb3+,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光光谱(PLE,PL)和荧光寿命曲线研究了Ca8Mg Lu(PO4)7∶Tb3+的发光性能。Ca8Mg Lu(PO4)7∶Tb3+能被378nm的近紫外光激发,Tb3+发生5D4-7F5跃迁发出绿光,色坐标为(0.324,0.592)。Ca8Mg Lu(PO4)7∶Tb3+的量子效率可达84%,热猝灭性能良好:在150℃和200℃的发光强度积分分别是25℃的90.71%和86.36%。研究结果表明Ca8Mg Lu(PO4)7∶Tb3+是一种理想的适于NUV-LED芯片激发的白光LED用绿色荧光粉。     

Tm3+浓度对Y2（MoO4）3：Tm3+，Yb3+荧光粉上转换发光性质的影响

采用传统的高温固相反应法合成了Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺杂Y₂（MoO₄）₃系列荧光粉。XRD结果表明合成的样品为相纯度好的Y₂（MoO₄）₃。在980 nm光激发下,样品具有较强的位于487 nm和800 nm的蓝色和近红外发射,同时伴有较弱的位于649 nm的红光发射。它们分别来自于Tm³⁺的¹G₄→³H₆、³H₄→³H₆和¹G₄→³F₄跃迁。根据功率相关的上转换发射和能级图分析了Tm³⁺的上转换发光机制。结果表明,¹G₄和³H₄能级的布居分别来自于三光子和两光子的能量传递上转换。此外,随着Tm³⁺浓度的增加,蓝色、红色和近红外发射带均呈先增加后降低的趋势,即发生了浓度猝灭。同时,蓝光发射和近红外发射的强度比随Tm³⁺掺杂浓度的增加而减小。     

新型红色荧光粉Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4:Eu3+,Bi3+的制备及发光特性

用高温固相法合成了用于白光LED的Na2Ca4(1-x-y)(PO4)2SiO4:xEu3+,yBi3+红色荧光粉.研究了助熔剂H3BO3、二次煅烧时间和稀土掺杂量等制备条件对样品发光性质的影响.结果表明,在1 200℃、助熔剂H3BO3加入量为样品质量的3.8%时可得到更有利于发光的α-NCPS基质,而且掺入Eu3+...     

Effect of temperature on luminescence and VUV to visible conversion in the YAl3(BO3)4:Dy (YAB:Dy) crystal

Spectroscopic properties of the Dy³⁺-doped YAl₃(BO₃)₄ crystal were studied from the vacuum-ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral range. Optical results were interpreted in terms of the 4fⁿ, 4fⁿ⁻¹5d and charge transfer transitions. It was found that the VUV electronic excitation is transferred to the optically active ions giving emission from the ⁴F_9/2 fluorescent level of Dy³⁺. The temperature variation of the Dy³⁺ fluorescence kinetics was observed; the ⁴F_9/2 lifetime increased with increasing temperature. This phenomenon is not usually observed in other rare-earth-doped media. The discussion of dysprosium emission properties and their temperature dependency was based on the assumption that the rates of transitions originating in individual crystal field levels of the ⁴F_9/2 emitting multiplet are significantly different.     

白光发光二极管用SrGdLiTeO_6:Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉的浓度猝灭和温度猝灭行为

采用高温固相法成功合成出双钙钛矿结构SrGd_(1-x)LiTeO_6:xEu~(3+)(x=0.1-1.0)红色荧光粉,并采用X-射线衍射、漫反射光谱、光致发光光谱、电致发光光谱等测试手段对粉体的结构、光致发光特性以及发光二极管器件的光色电特性进行了系统研究.激发光谱、发射光谱和荧光衰减曲线测试结果表明Eu~(3+)的最佳掺杂浓度为x=0.6,更大的掺杂量会引起浓度猝灭.基于van Uitert浓度猝灭公式,提出一种更准确的表达形式用于拟合、分析能量传递类型,揭示出电偶极-电偶极作用导致浓度猝灭.Judd-Ofelt理论计算得出较高的跃迁强度参数和量子效率,说明高度畸变的非心C_1晶体场促使高效的超灵敏跃迁红光发射.在423 K时积分发光强度达到室温时的85.2%,热激活能经计算为0.2941 eV.基于此样品的发光二极管能够发出明亮的红光.综上所述,该类荧光粉表现出良好的发光效率、色纯度以及发光热稳定性,是一种潜在的近紫外激发白光发光二极管用红色荧光粉.     

白光发光二级管用红色荧光粉LiSrBO3: Eu3+的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了LiSrBO₃:xEu³⁺ 荧光粉, 并通过XRD, 红外(FITR) 和荧光光谱(PL) 等对其表征. 结果表明, LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 荧光粉可被波长为395 nm 的紫外线和466 nm 的蓝光有效激发, 且发射主波长为612 nm (Eu³⁺的电偶极跃迁⁵D₀ →⁷F₂) 的红光. 研究了Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度对LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发光强度的影响, Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度为6% 时样品的发射强度最大, 并且证实Eu³⁺ 之间的能量传递机制为电偶极子- 电偶极子相互作用. Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ 作为电荷补偿剂的引入全部导致LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发射强度增强, 其中, Li⁺ 的引入要优于Na⁺ 和K⁺. 少量Al³⁺的掺杂降低了Eu³⁺ 所处格位的对称性, 增强了Eu³⁺ 的612 nm 的电偶极发射, 改善了LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 红色材料的色纯度. 关键词： 白光发光二级管 光致发光 浓度猝灭 电荷补偿剂     

Lithium scandium phosphate-based electrolytes for solid state lithium rechargeable microbatteries

Li₃Sc₂(PO₄)₃ is a promising candidate for use as an electrolyte in solid state lithium rechargeable microbatteries due to its stability in air, ease of preparation, and resistance to dielectric breakdown. The room temperature ionic conductivity was optimized resulting in an increase of over two orders of magnitude to 3×10⁻⁶S/cm. The formation of Li₃(Sc_2−xM_x)(PO₄)₃, where M=Al³⁺ or Y³⁺, resulted in the decrease of porosity, greater sinterability, and considerable enhancement of the ionic conductivity. Yttrium substitutions enhanced the conductivity slightly while aluminum increased the room temperature ionic conductivity to 1.5×10⁻⁵S/cm for x=0.4. Preliminary electron beam evaporation of Li₃Sc₂(PO₄)₃ yielded amorphous thin films with ion ic conductivity as high as 5×10⁻⁵S/cm and a composition of Li_4.8Sc_1.4(PO₄)₃.     

稀土掺杂镝(Ⅲ)乙酰丙酮邻菲咯啉三元配合物的合成和荧光性质

合成了三个系列稀土掺杂镝乙酰丙酮(Hacac)邻菲咯啉(phen)三元配合物RE_xDy_1-x(acac)₃phen(RE=La,Y,Gd;x=0,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.50,0.70,0.90,1.00),通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射对配合物进行了表征。对各系列配合物进行荧光光谱研究,发现La³⁺、Y³⁺、Gd³⁺对Dy³⁺离子均有荧光增敏作用,它们对Dy³⁺离子的荧光增强顺序为I(La³⁺)>I(Y³⁺)≈I(Gd³⁺)。当x=0.10~0.30,所有掺杂配合物的荧光强度都大于未掺杂的配合物Dy(acac)₃phen的荧光强度。     

在NaGdF4：Tm3+, Dy3+中Gd3+间的能量迁移及Gd3+-Dy3+能量传递量子效率

基于量子剪裁基本原理,通过光谱技术研究NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺在一个真空紫外光子激发下获得两个蓝色光子的可能性。在这种化合物中,量子剪裁通过下转换,即通过应用不同镧系离子间的能量传递进行。通过对Tm 4f¹²-4f¹¹5d激发,部分能量从Tm³⁺离子5d态直接传递给Gd³⁺,然后在Gd³⁺-Tm³⁺之间发生交叉弛豫,剩余能量从Gd³⁺传递给Dy³⁺,产生两个可见光子发射,一个来自Tm³⁺的¹G₄-³H₆跃迁,另一个来自Dy³⁺的⁴F_9/2-⁶H_15/2跃迁。主要研究获得以NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺为基础的新型具有更高效率,更高稳定性和更强真空紫外(VUV)吸收量子剪裁发光粉的可能性。各种光谱技术,如光致发光、激发和衰减等被用来表征不同Dy³⁺浓度掺杂NaGdF₄中Gd³⁺晶格间能量迁移引起的施主Gd³⁺和受主Dy³⁺之间的能量传递。结果表明Gd³⁺离子之间存在能量迁移,随之交换相互作用引起施主与受主(Gd³⁺-Dy³⁺)之间的能量传递。通过Bursh-tein等人关于激发态的弛豫理论,施主-受主能量传递参数k_DS可以从Gd³⁺的⁶P_7/2发射的衰减计算出。Gd³⁺-Dy³⁺能量传递量子效率也可以得到。NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺和NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺是由水热法制备的,NaGdF₄:Dy³⁺是由文献[4]方法制备的。发射光谱和激发光谱通过自制的VUV光谱仪和F-4500测量。衰减曲线由OPO激光器激发获得Gd³⁺-Dy³⁺之间能量传递量子效率在受主浓度大约在N_A=0.6%时达到最佳值,并且明显地观测到浓度猝灭效应。     

Experimental optimum design and luminescence properties of NaY(Gd)(MoO_4)_2:Er~(3+)phosphors

Three-factor orthogonal design(OD) of Er~(3+)/Gd~(3+)/T(calcination temperature) is used to optimize the luminescent intensity of Na Y(Gd)(MoO_4)_2:Er~(3+)phosphor.Firstly,the uniform design(UD) is introduced to explore the doping concentration range of Er~(3+)/Gd~(3+).Then OD and range analysis are performed based on the results of UD to obtain the primary and secondary sequence and the best combination of Er~(3+),Gd~(3+),and T within the experimental range.The optimum sample is prepared by the high temperature solid state method.Photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra of the optimum sample are detected.The intense green emissions(530 nm and 550 nm) are observed which originate from Er~(3+)~2H_(11/2)→~4I_(15/2)and~4S_(3/2)→~4I_(15/2),respectively.Thermal effect is investigated in the optimum NaY(Gd~(3+))(MoO_4)_2:Er~(3+)phosphors,and the green emission intensity decreases as temperature increases.     

NaLn4-x(SiO4)3F：xRE3+(Ln=La,Gd;RE=Tb,Dy, Sm,Tm)荧光材料的发光性能

利用简单的高温固相法合成稀土离子掺杂的NaLn_4-x(SiO₄)₃F:xRE³⁺(Ln=La, Gd; RE=Tb, Dy, Sm, Tm)系列荧光粉,利用X射线粉末衍射仪和荧光分光光度计分别测试其物相结构和荧光性能。结果表明,所合成样品均为纯的六方晶系结构,在紫外光激发下所合成样品均表现出所掺杂稀土离子的f-f特征能级跃迁,Tb³⁺、Dy³⁺、Sm³⁺和Tm³⁺等激活离子分别发出蓝绿色、白色、橙色以及蓝色等荧光发射。