基于二次相关的语音信号时延估计改进算法

目前语音信号的时延估计研究,大部分采用的是广义互相关算法。然而,广义互相关时延估计算法易受噪声和混响环境影响。为此,本文提出了一种基于二次相关的语音信号时延估计改进算法,该算法对语音信号进行二次互相关运算,并结合Hilbert变换,对二次互相关峰值进行进一步的锐化处理,使得反映时延的峰值点检测更为准确。实验结果表明,改进的时延估计方法在非平稳的语音信号中能够有效地抑制噪声干扰,且在不同混响条件下时延估计具有更好的性能。     

多频带期望值最大声信号时延估计EI北大核心CSCD

通过分析复杂环境中不同频带声信号时延估计的差异,提出多频带期望值最大时延估计方法。为了使各频带之间无重叠,该方法采用独立分带划分声信号不同频带,然后计算各频带广义互相关函数,并对子带广义互相关函数建立最大似然模型,最后利用期望值最大算法将多维优化转为一维优化的迭代式,获得最优子带广义互相关函数,在此基础上估计声信号的时延信息。数据仿真和实际实验结果表明,多频带期望值最大化时延估计相较常规时延估计有效估计值的百分比提升了10%,并将最优频带互相关函数应用到该定位算法中,在网格间距为0.3 m时,得到的峰值区域汇聚更明显,定位效果更好。     

一种利用高阶谱相位数据进行时延估计的新方法

本文提出了一种利用高阶谱相位数据进行时延估计的新方法。对于无噪声干扰或是不相关高斯噪声干扰的信号来说,互谱相位数据时延估计能给出较好的估计结果。但是若存在相关高斯噪声干扰时,利用高阶谱相位数据进行时延估计就有较突出的优点,其精度高于互谱相位数据时延估计法。在频域内经过适当加权,能更有效地提高估计精度。     

基于小波变换的广义相关时延估计算法

为了估计两个在空间上分离的传感器所接收信号之间的时间延迟，本文结合小波变换的特点，提出了一个基于小波变换的广义相关时延估计算法并给出了它的时域和频域公式，此算法与直接互相关法相比，能对信号与噪声的假设条件放宽且在低信噪比下能有效估计时延。为了提高时延估计精度，在广义相关时延估计的基础上本文又提出了基于基小波的二次加权法。经仿真证明了这两种算法的有效性。     

相关域双谱时延估计方法

提出了基于接收信号互相关数据的双谱时延估计新方法,为无源跟踪系统提供了一种高精度时延估计方法。实航数据处理结果表明,该方法时延估计误差只有广义互相关法的1/6。     

分数低阶协方差谱用于改进的时延估计方法

时延估计技术是一项活跃的研究课题。近年来,满足稳定分布的脉冲噪声模型得到了广泛的研究,并在时延估计技术中得到了应用。为提高时延估计方法在脉冲噪声环境下的估计精度和稳定性,本文提出了一种改进的基于分数低阶协方差谱的广义互相关时延估计方法,并进一步引入经验参数对所提出方法的性能进行调整。仿真分析表明,新方法在高斯和脉冲噪声环境条件下都具有良好的顽健性。     

分布式光纤中的稳健时间延迟估计方法

在分布式光纤传感系统定位中,传统时延估计算法常由于噪声相关性较强而失效。采用一种削弱相关噪声的改进型广义相关法,并针对系统特点,为进一步改善分布式光纤传感定位的准确度与稳定度,提出了一种先对数据按事件信号进行分帧,再采用卡尔曼滤波器对分帧时延估计结果进行跟踪的时延估计方案。系统仿真实验与实际数据测试结果均表明:提出的时延估计方案能够有效抑制强相关性的噪声,提高时延估计的准确度与稳定度。经大量现场测试,本文的方案能够有效地将时延估计误差稳定地控制在0.2个采样间隔以内,能够满足系统实际定位精度要求。     

基于两次谱分析的时延估计方法研究

时延估计是目标定位跟踪系统的关键技术之一,在水声、雷达、声探测等领域广泛应用。时延估计的基本方法是互相关法和相位谱法。互相关法时延估计分辨率与信号带宽近似成反比,因此很难估计多目标时延。相位谱时延估计只能估计单目标时延,并且存在相位解绕问题。本文提出了两次谱分析时延估计方法,即将互功率谱函数再次进行谱估计,二次谱峰值位置间距即为时延估计,这种方法既能够估计单目标时延,又能够估计多目标时延,并且不用相位解绕。仿真计算验证了两次谱时延估计方法的可行性。     

基于FICP算法提高对低频噪声时延的估计精度

针对非平稳随机噪声（直升机飞行声音，导弹喷流噪声）信号，研究了提高时延估计计算精度的方法，通过计算信号的细化频谱，并避免了标准FFT计算带来的栅栏效应，从而使得对于超短取样信号的频谱计算精度与信号长度无关，采用快速计算方法FICP由N点互谱计算2N点相关波形，提高了相关波形的分辨率，使得时延估计精度得以提高。对实测直升机飞行噪声和导弹噪声计算了不同取样长度和不同采样率下的时延估计，得出了谱分辨率越高，时延估计精度越高的结论。     

利用多级时延估计与传递函数拟合的水下自干扰抑制法

提出了一种利用传递函数拟合与多级时延估计相结合的自干扰抑制方法来抑制接收信号中的强自干扰信号。首先通过频域解卷积估计发射泄漏的传递函数,进而构建出基本的对消信号,再通过互相关法与互谱法相结合的多级时延估计,精细补偿对消信号,获得良好的自干扰抑制效果。对实际海试数据的处理结果表明,当采用无人水下航行器(UUV)搭载一体化系统,在舷侧阵工作扇面内发射多帧线性调频(LFM)信号对目标船进行有源探测时,该方法的抑制比可达36 dB,且使得可检测回波的信干比从-30 dB降低到-55 dB,对后续的自干扰信号存在同样的抑制效果。以上结果表明该方法可抑制强自干扰信号,呈现出了较强的稳定性,使得淹没于强自干扰信号中的回波信号得以检测。     

Multipath time delay estimation of underwater acoustic sinusoidal signals

To overcome the performance limitation of multipath time-delay estimation posed by underwater acoustic sinusoidal signals, an approach incorporating the frequency-domain weighting of the highly oscillatory Nonlinear Least Squares （NLS） cost function with the evolu- tionary optimization was proposed to facilitate the accurate estimation of the multipath timedelay of sinusoidal signals. In the described method, the number of the effective multipath signals, which is included into the parameter model as well as the multipath time-delay and amplitude factor, can be estimated simultaneously thus avoiding the requirement of additional computation. The experimental results performed with numerical simulation and sea-trial data are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness and precision enhancement of the proposed algorithm.     

Cross Psi(B)-energy operator-based signal detection

In this paper, two methods for signal detection and time-delay estimation based on the cross Psi(B)-energy operator are proposed. These methods are well suited for mono-component AM-FM signals. The Psi(B) energy operator measures how much one signal is present in another one. The peak of the Psi(B) operator corresponds to the maximum of interaction between the two signals. Compared to the cross-correlation function, the Psi(B) operator includes temporal information and relative changes of the signal which are reflected in its first and second derivatives. The discrete version of the continuous-time form of the Psi(B) operator, which is used in its implementation, is presented. The methods are illustrated on synthetic and real signals and the results compared to those of the matched filter and the cross correlation. The real signals correspond to impulse responses of buried objects obtained by active sonar in iso-speed single path environments.     

输气管道泄漏的波达时差交叉定位方法*

为了实现对管道泄漏位置的三维定位,该文提出一种基于波达时差法的交叉定位方法。将传感器阵列布放在不同位置,通过波达时差法获取远场泄漏声源的两组空间方位信息,对两组方位交叉求取空间伪交点从而完成定位。建立泄漏定位实验平台,分析了多种互相关方法以及阵列孔径、布放间距、泄漏位置等因素对延时估计和定位精度的影响。实验结果表明:选取基本互相关法对泄漏信号的10 500 Hz分量进行互相关分析,能够获取稳定的延时估计结果;在有效信号检测范围内,增大阵列孔径和布放间距能有效减少误差;该文方法相较于现有波达时差法能有效提高距离原点4 m以上泄漏位置的定位精度。     

两步法提高时延差估计精度的分析和实验验证

为提高短基线水声定位系统的定位精度,对利用两次估计提高时延差计算精度的方法进行了理论分析、仿真和实验验证,并给出了具体的实现步骤。该方法将时延差估计值分解成了时延差初测值和时延差修正值,前者直接利用相关函数包络求解,后者与相关函数相位差之间存在映射关系,通过频域的相位差估计获得。仿真和实验的结果显示,采用这一方法能够获得很高的时延差估计精度。两步法具有很强的实用性,可以有效的提高短基线水声定位系统定位精度。      

Time-delay estimation of reverberated speech exploiting harmonic structure.

The relative time delay associated with a speech signal received at a pair of spatially separated microphones is a key component in talker localization and microphone array beamforming procedures. The traditional method for estimating this parameter utilizes the generalized cross correlation (GCC), the performance of which is compromised by the presence of room reverberations and background noise. Typically, the GCC filtering criteria used are either focused on the signal degradations due to additive noise or those due exclusively to multipath channel effects. There has been relatively little success at applying GCC weighting schemes which are robust to both of these conditions. This paper details an alternative approach which attempts to employ a signal-dependent criterion, namely, the estimated periodicity of the speech signal, to design a GCC filter appropriate for the combination of noise and multipath distortions. Simulations are performed across a range of room conditions to illustrate the utility of the proposed time-delay estimation method relative to conventional GCC filtering approaches.     

High resolution time-delay estimation of underwater target geometric scattering

The geometric scatterings carry the information of the shape of an underwater target. While the time-delay of the weak geometric scattering exists in the received signal cannot be obtained accurately by the conventional time-delay estimation methods because of the limit of the main-lobe width and the interferences from the side-lobe. In this paper, we propose a high resolution time-delay estimation (HRTDE) scheme consisting of two steps. Firstly, when a linear-frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse is transmitted by sonar, the dechirping method transforms the geometric scatterings with different time-delays into multiple single-frequency components respectively, in which the frequency of the dechirped signal shows a linear relationship with the time-delay of the geometric scattering. Then the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is adopted to increase the spectrum resolution when multiple single-frequency signals exist in the dechirped signal and the frequency interval is smaller than the frequency resolution limit of the Fourier transform. Simulation results show that the main lobe of the proposed scheme is sharper and with less interference from the side-lobe, compared with the conventional time-delay estimation methods. The results from the anechoic pool experiment demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves a better time-delay estimation performance for the weak geometric scattering generated by the bottom edge of the underwater target model than match filter based methods.     

基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术

大孔径拖曳线列阵受舰艇横向机动、洋流影响和水动力影响时会产生一定的阵形畸变,阵形畸变使得波束形成时阵列流型失配,进而降低了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。在无法进行阵形估计时,基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术将大孔径拖曳线阵分为左右两个子阵分别做波束形成,通过加权广义相关时延估计算法估算对应波束的时延差,再依据估算时延差对左右两个波束进行延时求和得到最终的波束信号。仿真和海试数据证明,相对于全阵直接做波束形成的方法,基于时延估计的分裂阵的时域波束形成技术有效提高了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。     

基于双光子不对称色锁二阶随机关联的阿秒极化拍研究

基于两双光子过程的相位共轭二阶极化干涉，从理论上研究了四能级系统在阿秒量级的不对称和频极化拍频(FASPB).在抽运光束为窄带情形下，场关联对FASPB信号影响很弱.在宽带情形下，FASPB信号表现出共振-非共振交叉关联，双光子信号展现出混合辐射-物质失谐的THz阻尼振荡，即当激光频率偏离双光子共振跃迁的条件时，信号将呈现阻尼振荡，而且其双光子自相关信号的包络还呈现最大值零延时不对称.还研究了由于两双光子自相关过程零延时的偏差导致的阿秒拍频信号的不对称性，和两个双光子信号的最大值分别向相反的方向偏离零延时点的现象.FASPB作为一种阿秒超快调制过程，从理论上说它可以扩展到任何两偶极禁戒跃迁激发态的能级和系统. 关键词： 阿秒和频 极化拍 四能级 双光子     

基于匹配追踪算法的激波信号特征提取

针对时域重叠、噪声混合等情况下从多弹头激波信号中提取时延特征参数问题,利用匹配追踪(Matching pursuits,MP)算法的自适应分解特性对激波混合信号进行特征提取,并针对运行时间长和内存占用大等问题提出"粗提取—精提取"两步改进算法,通过"粗提取"获得各个激波信号的长度,触发位置等先验知识,利用"分库"、"总库"思想重构过完备原子库进行精提取。仿真结果表明,该改进算法不仅能以较高精度提取时延特征参数,而且能有效提高提取速度和减小内存占用。