差分法求解时空分布的激光动力学模型

利用速率方程理论和差分法数值计算,建立了描述激光器内部粒子数密度和光子数密度的时间演化和空间分布的动力学模型.该方法完善了普通的激光速率方程理论,为了解激光能量的时间演化和空间分布提供了较好的理论模型. 关键词： 速率方程 差分法 动力学模型 铜激光     

高能激光破岩的传热学特性研究

高能激光破岩中激光与岩石相互作用的过程,是一个复杂的非稳定的传热学问题。利用能量守恒原理,得到了激光破岩的传热方程,并对其相变过程中固液相变界面、液气界面上的焓、导热系数和比热等热物性参数进行了近拟简化,从而建立了激光破岩温度场分析的物理模型。利用Galerkin方法,对激光破岩的温度场模型进行了数值分析求解和实例计算。     

金属材料的激光吸收率研究

针对菲涅耳公式计算金属材料激光吸收率所得的结果与实际测得的吸收率值存在一定的误差这一问题,在详细分析了激光热处理中金属材料吸收率影响因素的基础上,通过数值模拟,改进了金属材料激光吸收率的计算模型,并利用此激光吸收率计算模型(以铝、铜、铂、铁4种金属材料为例)进行激光吸收率的计算和分析,进而计算了3Cr13不锈钢激光吸收率的理论值,该值与用集总参数法测得的3Cr13不锈钢材料激光吸收率结果相吻合,从而验证了该改进的金属材料激光吸收率计算公式的正确性。     

激光与固体靶面烧蚀等离子体的能量耦合计算

 强激光辐照下固体靶表面迅速汽化产生靶蒸气等离子体,激光穿过等离子体区到达固体靶表面的过程就是激光束与等离子体的能量耦合与交换过程。采用具有五阶精度的WENO差分格式和简易等离子体状态方程模型对激光与等离子体相互作用的复杂物理过程进行了数值计算,分析了激光束能量在等离子体区中的吸收、屏蔽效应等动态耦合规律以及激光支持等离子体前驱冲击波传播。数值模拟结果表明：激光能量是支持靶面等离子体运动的唯一原因,能量屏蔽效应对激光与等离子体能量耦合有很大影响,通过控制激光脉冲宽度,可以合理调节屏蔽效应的影响。     

自然对流情形下激光辐照液体贮箱的尺度律

根据质量守恒、动量守恒及能量守恒原理,建立了自然对流情形下激光辐照液体贮箱的理论模型。通过方程分析法,导出了该问题的尺度律,在此基础上给出了激光辐照液体贮箱的缩比方法,并对一组实例进行了数值计算,得到了缩比模型与原型结果完全相似的结论,模拟结果证明了该问题尺度律的成立。为验证理论模型与数值求解的正确性,本文还针对小尺度模型进行了实验研究,数值模拟结果与实验测量结果符合较好,表明理论模型可靠有效。     

超急速爆发沸腾传热的实验与理论研究

超急速爆发沸腾研究具有重大理论与实用价值。本文在实验研究的基础上,建立了脉冲激光作用下超急速爆发沸腾传热数学模型,并采用恰当的数值处理方法进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明,计算与实验结果基本吻合,在超急速爆发沸腾过程中,汽相、液相的升温吸热以及汽化潜热等是影响温度变化的重要因素,实际过程中应综合加以考虑。     

基于舰船尾流激光雷达的Monte Carlo模型及方差消减方法研究

对舰船尾流激光散射机理及探测过程的数值模拟是研究舰船尾流激光探测与制导的重要基础.首先分析了Monte Carlo方法引入到尾流激光雷达数值模拟领域研究的可行性.结合自行研制的尾流激光雷达实际参数,建立了尾流激光探测的Monte Carlo数值仿真模型.通过对仿真结果进行统计,深入剖析了仿真结果方差大及光子利用率低等问题的成因.为解决该问题,基于有偏采样理论和分裂-轮盘赌基本原理提出了接收光学视场内光子强行碰撞方法和以光子自由程总长度为准则的光子分裂方法,并进行了两方法的融合.仿真与实验结果的对比分析表明,提出的模型仿真结果与实验数据符合较好,验证了模型的正确性;提出的接收光学视场内光子强行碰撞方法和光子分裂方法能有效减小方差并提高光子利用率;解决了Monte Carlo方法引入到尾流激光雷达模拟过程中的适用性问题.     

激光辐照受拉铝板破坏行为的时空多尺度数值模拟

推导耦合过渡区内参变量信息交换的元/网格动量传递多尺度算法,建立离散元与有限元耦合时空多尺度计算模型,并应用于激光辐照下受拉铝板破坏行为的数值模拟中.通过对比有限元计算模型、空间多尺度计算模型与时空多尺度计算模型在激光辐照下受拉铝板破坏算例的模拟结果,验证离散元与有限元耦合时空多尺度计算模型的准确性和数值计算高效率优势.使用该多尺度计算模型从宏观和细观尺度对铝板破坏行为进行数值模拟,模拟结果与实验结果基本一致.     

真空环境下激光烧蚀铝靶冲量耦合系数的数值模拟

 通过分析不同情况下激光与固态靶、气化物质的作用机理,利用激光体烧蚀模型,采用流体力学理论和1维Lagrange有限差分的计算方法,对真空条件下不同激光参数下气化物质对靶产生冲量的过程进行了数值模拟,模拟计算结果与实验测量结果、Phipps定标关系符合较好。计算结果表明,在等离子体的情况下冲量耦合系数随着激光强度增大而减小。     

基于微多普勒效应的旋翼弦长激光探测方法研究

为实现基于微多普勒效应的旋翼目标激光探测与识别,研究了面目标旋翼对激光回波的调制作用.利用物理光学法中面元散射回波叠加原理,构建了矩形面旋翼的微多普勒激光回波模型.通过仿真,利用时频分析方法提取了异于线目标模型的微多普勒特征.机理分析证实该特征反映弦长即旋翼横向尺寸信息,据此提出了相干探测激光回波的矩形旋翼弦长计算方法.不同展弦比旋翼的回波仿真结果与理论公式吻合较好,验证了该方法的有效性.误差分析表明,与进行单一窗长条件下的短时傅里叶变换相比,利用改变窗长的方法分别提取时间、频率信息可有效减小弦长计算误差至1.58%.该模型可实现对旋翼飞行器弦长尺寸的计算,为进一步的旋翼形状探测识别提供了依据.     

Role of thermal stresses on pulsed laser irradiation of thin films under conditions of microbump formation and nonvaporization forward transfer

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the processes in thin solid films irradiated by short and ultrashort laser pulses in the regimes of film structuring and laser-induced forward transfer. The regimes are considered at which vaporization of the film materials is insignificant and film dynamics is governed mainly by mechanical processes. Thermoelastoplastic modeling has been performed for a model film in one- and two-dimensional geometries. A method has been proposed to estimate the height of microbumps produced by nanosecond laser irradiation of solid films. Contrary to femtosecond laser pulses, in nanosecond pulse regimes, stress waves across the film are weak and cannot induce film damage. The main role in laser-induced dynamics of irradiated films is played by radial thermal stresses which lead to the formation of a bending wave propagating along the film and drawing the film matter to the center of the irradiation spot. The bending wave dynamics depends on the hardness of the substrate underlying the film. The causes of the receiver substrate damage sometimes observed upon laser-induced forward transfer in the scheme of the direct contact between the film and the receiver are discussed.     

Role of Bulk Vaporization in the Dynamics of Laser-Induced Erosion Plumes of Metals

In different regimes of exposure of metals to pulsed laser radiation, we show the role played by the liquid-drop phase formed from the target material in a laser-induced erosion plume due to bulk vaporization, in the dynamics of this plume. For some metals, the ranges of power densities of the acting laser radiation, at which the condensed-phase particles influence the passage of laser radiation to the target surface, have been determined experimentally. The mechanism of realization of a low-threshold breakdown has been revealed.     

Laser-induced bubble formation and collapse in a nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor unstable interface in a thin layer of molten metal

Bubble formation and bubble collapse zones in a laser-induced nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability were shown to follow the contours of a series of R-T shock-fronts generated on an irregular planar (terrace-like) target surface. Bubble formation occurs in the regime of target planar vaporization. Spatial variation of the bubble density distribution, the bubble size, and the bubble-bubble distance, as a function of distance from the shock front envelope, were determined. Bubble collapse occurs in the regime of planar-to-volume boiling transition and proceeds by the so-called “chain reaction” collapse mechanism inside a 2D bubble array. The contours of bubble generation and of bubble collapse were simulated by using the analytical model of Ott with variable phase and variable amplitude of R-T modes.     

Quantum Teleportation of A Four-qubit State by Using Six-qubit Cluster State

We propose a scheme for perfect quantum teleportation of a special form of four-qubit state by using a six-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. In our scheme, the sender only needs six-qubit von-Neumann projective measurements, and the receiver can reconstruct the original four-qubit state by applying the appropriate unitary operation.     

纳秒脉冲激光沉积薄膜过程中的烧蚀特性研究

研究了高能短脉冲激光薄膜制备的整个烧蚀过程.首先建立了基于超热理论的烧蚀模型，然 后利用较为符合实际的高斯分布表示脉冲激光输入能量密度，给出了考虑蒸发效应不同阶段 的烧蚀状态方程.结合适当的边界条件，以Si靶材为例，利用有限差分法得到了靶材在各个 阶段温度随时间和烧蚀深度的演化分布规律及表面蒸发速度与烧蚀深度在不同激光辐照强度 下随时间的演化规律.结果表明，在脉冲激光辐照阶段，靶材表面的蒸发效应使得靶材表面 温度上升显著放缓；在激光辐照强度接近相爆炸能量阈值时，蒸发速度与蒸发厚度的变化由 于逆流现象将显著放缓.还得到了考虑了熔融弛豫时间及蒸发效应的固-液界面随时间的演化 方程，这一结论较先前工作更具有普适性. 关键词： 脉冲激光烧蚀 热流方程 温度演化 有限差分法     

Perfect Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two-Qubit State via GHZ-Like States

We propose a novel and efficient scheme for quantum teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state via GHZ-like states. In this scheme, the sender Alice performs two three-qubit von-Neumann projective measurements on the qubits, the receiver Bob can reconstruct the original state by making appropriate unitary transformations. This quantum teleportation scheme is perfect, i.e. the success probability can reach 1.     

激光相变烧蚀二维结构网格程序的数值计算

研究激光相变烧蚀二维结构网格程序,对液-气相变、固液汽三相物质进行整体模拟.激光相变烧蚀二维结构网格程序采用气化相变开始后在迎激光方向局部加密的重分方法,动量守恒方程采用Wilkins三角形回路积分法,能量守恒方程采用基于节点重构的扩散方程有限体积格式.     

Controlled Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two-Particle Pure or Mixed State by Using a Five-Qubit Cluster State

A new scheme for controlled teleportation of an arbitrary two-particle pure or mixed state with the help of a five-qubit cluster state is proposed in detail. In this scheme, a five-particle cluster state is shared by a sender, a controller and a receiver. At first, the sender performs a four-qubit von-Neumann measurement on the qubits at hand, and the controller performs a Hadamard measurement on his qubit. Then the receiver can reconstruct the arbitrary two-particle pure or mixed state by performing some appropriate unitary transformations on his particles after he knows the measure results of the sender and the controller. This controlled teleportation scheme is deterministic.     

Quantum Teleportation of Five-qubit State

We propose a novel quantum teleportation protocol for certain class of five-qubit state with a seven-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. In our scheme, the sender merely needs to perform a seven-qubit von-Neumann projective measurement, the original state with deterministic probability can be reconstructed by the receiver after a series corresponding unitary transformations. Compared with other schemes proposed before, our scheme has the distinct advantages of requiring fewer quantum channels, possessing higher intrinsic efficiency, and transmitting more quantum information bits.