激光辐照下高反射镜热变形问题的尺度律

基于热力解耦的热弹性模型,采用常用假设,通过方程分析法,导出了激光辐照下高反射镜热变形问题的尺度律。同时,还发现了对同一模型,当其他条件不变时,变形、温升、应力与激光功率密度之间具有线性关系。数值结果证明了该问题尺度律的成立及线性关系的正确性。该结论是利用缩比模型研究大尺寸反射镜在激光辐照下的热变形问题的依据,且为解决缩比模型设计、辐照条件设计和模型实验数据反推到原型等相关问题提供了参考准则。     

自然对流情形下激光辐照液体贮箱的机理

利用激光辐照靶目标时,被辐照部位可能是液体贮箱。通过实验测量与数值模拟的紧密结合,揭示了液体处于自然对流状态时激光辐照下贮箱侧壁温升及液体速度场的演化规律。结果表明:激光辐照初期,铝板中心温升率较高;随着壁面附近液体温度的升高,光斑附近速度边界层内的最大流速增大,传热强度亦增大,导致铝板温升率降低;当铝板吸收的激光能量能够基本被水的对流带走时,铝板中心的温升率趋于零。     

激光辐照热力耦合问题的相似性

 由量纲理论出发，分析了激光辐照热力耦合理论的无量纲化基本方程组。在一定的近似条件下，导出了激光辐照热力耦合问题的一般相似性准则，该相似准则不受与温度相关的材料特性的约束。在此基础上给出了强激光辐照充压圆柱壳体热力效应的缩比方法，并对一组实例进行了计算，得到了缩比模型与原型结果几乎完全相似的结论。理论分析与数值计算表明，激光辐照热力耦合问题在合理的近似下满足相似律。     

激光辐照受拉铝板破坏行为的时空多尺度数值模拟

推导耦合过渡区内参变量信息交换的元/网格动量传递多尺度算法,建立离散元与有限元耦合时空多尺度计算模型,并应用于激光辐照下受拉铝板破坏行为的数值模拟中.通过对比有限元计算模型、空间多尺度计算模型与时空多尺度计算模型在激光辐照下受拉铝板破坏算例的模拟结果,验证离散元与有限元耦合时空多尺度计算模型的准确性和数值计算高效率优势.使用该多尺度计算模型从宏观和细观尺度对铝板破坏行为进行数值模拟,模拟结果与实验结果基本一致.     

基于ANSYS的脉冲激光辐照石英玻璃的温度场数值模拟

采用有限元仿真软件ANSYS 12.0对脉冲功率激光辐照石英玻璃建立了热力学模型,对其表面温度场进行了数值模拟,得到了在不同激光功率密度下的瞬态温度场分布,并对模拟结果进行了分析和研究,为激光辐照石英玻璃实验提供依据.     

部分充液贮箱自由液面塌陷的数值研究

本文利用基于有限体积法的VOF方法模拟部分充液贮箱中液体的输送过程,根据数值计算结果可以获得出流过程中贮箱自由液面塌陷夹气时的液面高度和液面塌陷的过程,将数值计算结果和试验结果进行了比较,验证了该方法的有效性。通过对计算结果进行分析,本文获得了液面塌陷时流场特征和塌陷原理,为防塌陷装置的设计提供指导。     

脉冲激光诱导的薄片反冲塞破坏分析

 基于空间轴对称热弹性理论和最大剪应力强度理论，建立了脉冲激光辐照下薄片发生反冲塞破坏的一个理论模型，导出了薄片反冲塞的激光功率密度阈值条件。以空间均匀分布的ms级脉冲激光辐照铜薄片为例进行了理论计算和数值模拟，给出了激光功率密度阈值随薄片厚度线性增加的关系，得到了与文献中相应实验结果基本一致的薄片反冲塞破坏的激光功率密度阈值数据。     

液体激光诱导转移的格子玻尔兹曼仿真研究

采用介观尺度的格子玻尔兹曼方法,结合气-液两相流模型,对藻酸盐溶液的激光诱导液体转移进行了三维模拟.为获取气-液两相流模型的入口条件,引入Rayleigh-Plesset方程对等离子体气泡的演化进行计算.数值模拟结果与之前的实验结果吻合,反映了气泡形状变化和液体的向前向后转移现象.仿真研究表明液体的激光诱导转移机制主要与气泡动力学有关,气泡的快速膨胀将引发向前转移,而气泡的剧烈收缩是形成向后转移的主要原因.     

带状电缆的直流X射线辐照响应

对真空环境下带状电缆模型直流X射线辐照响应进行了实验和数值模拟研究;研制了电缆直流X射线辐照实验系统;使用蒙特卡罗模拟软件计算了直流X光机产生的X射线能谱、通量等参数;建立了带状电缆X射线辐照响应一维计算模型,该计算模型包括电缆导体与介质层间隙和介质层电导率模型。实验测量了两个带状电缆模型的直流X射线辐照响应电流波形,并对其进行了数值模拟。结果显示,在一定的电缆导体与介质层间隙大小假设条件下,采用带状电缆X射线辐照响应计算模型计算的结果与实验测量结果在波形特征和绝对幅度方面比较接近,说明了利用该模型描述电缆直流X射线辐照响应具有其合理性。     

液体火箭发动机液氧箱与预冷回路的耦合计算模型

建立了液体火箭发动机的液氧贮箱与底部预冷回路的数值计算耦合模型,模拟了地面停放过程中贮箱与底部预冷回路的三维非稳态两相流动与传热过程,分析了自然循环预冷条件下液氧贮箱和底部预冷回路中的三维物理场分布及随时间变化规律。结果表明:随着停放时间的增加,液氧的蒸发量增加,停放中后期贮箱内的热传递基本趋于稳定。回流管内的气化导致回流口处的温度一直呈现波动。     

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针对水冷包层子模块并行通道的流量分配对热量导出的影响,以水冷包层子模块第一壁为研究对象,对其并行通道试验段的模化设计与流量分配特性展开了研究。采用模化方法对第一壁的结构进行设计,得出试验段相关参数。采用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对模化设计的试验段进行数值模拟,并分析其流动状态。将结果与原型结构下的流动特性参数进行比较,验证了采用模化方法得到的试验段参数可以有效反映水冷包层子模块第一壁的流动特点,为试验装置的搭建提供参考。     

水冷包层试验段设计与流动特性研究

针对水冷包层子模块并行通道的流量分配对热量导出的影响,以水冷包层子模块第一壁为研究对象,对其并行通道试验段的模化设计与流量分配特性展开了研究。采用模化方法对第一壁的结构进行设计,得出试验段相关参数。采用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对模化设计的试验段进行数值模拟,并分析其流动状态。将结果与原型结构下的流动特性参数进行比较,验证了采用模化方法得到的试验段参数可以有效反映水冷包层子模块第一壁的流动特点,为试验装置的搭建提供参考。     

Discretized diffusion processes

We study the properties of the "rigid Laplacian" operator; that is we consider solutions of the Laplacian equation in the presence of fixed truncation errors. The dynamics of convergence to the correct analytical solution displays the presence of a metastable set of numerical solutions, whose presence can be related to granularity. We provide some scaling analysis in order to determine the value of the exponents characterizing the process. We believe that this prototype model is also suitable to provide an explanation of the widespread presence of power law in a social and economic system where information and decision diffuse, with errors and delay from agent to agent.     

Small-scale vorticity filaments and structure functions of the developed turbulence

We develop a theory of turbulence based on the Navier-Stokes equation, without using dimensional or phenomenological considerations. A small scale vortex filament is the main element of the theory. The theory allows to obtain the scaling law and to calculate the scaling exponents of Lagrangian and Eulerian velocity structure functions in the inertial range. The obtained results are shown to be in very good agreement with numerical simulations and experimental data. The introduction of stochasticity into the equations and derivation of scaling exponents are discussed in details. A weak dependence on statistical propositions is demonstrated. The relation of the theory to the multifractal model is discussed.     

Exponential decay and scaling laws in noisy chaotic scattering

In this Letter we present a numerical study of the effect of noise on a chaotic scattering problem in open Hamiltonian systems. We use the second order Heun method for stochastic differential equations in order to integrate the equations of motion of a two-dimensional flow with additive white Gaussian noise. We use as a prototype model the paradigmatic Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian with weak dissipation which is a well-known example of a system with escapes. We study the behavior of the scattering particles in the scattering region, finding an abrupt change of the decay law from algebraic to exponential due to the effects of noise. Moreover, we find a linear scaling law between the coefficient of the exponential law and the intensity of noise. These results are of a general nature in the sense that the same behavior appears when we choose as a model a two-dimensional discrete map with uniform noise (bounded in a particular interval and zero otherwise), showing the validity of the algorithm used. We believe the results of this work be useful for a better understanding of chaotic scattering in more realistic situations, where noise is presented.     

New universal scaling laws of diffusion and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy in simple liquids

A new universal scaling law relating the self-diffusivities of the components of a binary fluid mixture to their excess entropies is derived using mode coupling theory. These scaling laws yield numerical results, for a hard sphere as well as Lennard-Jones fluid mixtures, in excellent agreement with simulation results even at a low density region, where the empirical scaling laws of Dzugutov [Nature (London) 381, 137 (1996)]] and Hoyt, Asta, and Sadigh [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 594 (2001)]] fail completely. A new scaling law relating the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy to the excess entropy is also obtained.     

Theory of oscillations in average crisis-induced transient lifetimes

Analytical and numerical study of the roughly periodic oscillations emerging on the background of the well-known power law governing the scaling of the average lifetimes of crisis induced chaotic transients is presented. The explicit formula giving the amplitude of "normal" oscillations in terms of the eigenvalues of unstable orbits involved in the crisis is obtained using a simple geometrical model. We also discuss the commonly encountered situation when normal oscillations appear together with "anomalous" ones caused by the fractal structure of basins of attraction.     

Role of disorder in the size scaling of material strength

We study the sample-size dependence of the strength of disordered materials with a flaw, by numerical simulations of lattice models for fracture. We find a crossover between a regime controlled by the disorder and another controlled by stress concentrations, ruled by continuum fracture mechanics. The results are formulated in terms of a scaling law involving a statistical fracture process zone. Its existence and scaling properties are revealed only by sampling over many configurations of the disorder. The scaling law is in good agreement with experimental results obtained from notched paper samples.     

Particles sliding on a fluctuating surface: phase separation and power laws

We study a system of hard-core particles sliding locally downwards on a fluctuating one-dimensional surface characterized by a dynamical exponent z and no overall tilt. In numerical simulations, an initially random particle density is found to coarsen and obey scaling with a growing length scale approximately t(1/z). The structure factor deviates from the Porod law for the models studied. The steady state is unusual in that the density-segregation order parameter shows strong fluctuations. The two-point correlation function has a scaling form with a cusp at small argument which we relate to a power law distribution of particle cluster sizes. Exact results on a related model of surface depths provide insight into this behavior.