组合傅里叶变换与曲波变换的图像复原

针对图像复原的病态反问题进行研究,分析了图像复原的数学模型及其病态性,提出了组合傅里叶变换与曲波变换的图像复原(ForCurIR)算法.算法利用傅里叶变换对色噪声和曲波变换对分片光滑图像的稀疏表示特性,将图像复原问题转换成傅里叶变换域约束去卷积和曲波变换域约束去噪问题,最后通过组合傅里叶变换域和曲波变换域收缩法实现去卷积和抑制噪声.实验结果表明:ForCurIR算法很好地再现了图像的边缘等细节信息,复原出的图像在信噪比和视觉质量两方面部有显著的提高.     

利用核模糊聚类和正则化的图像稀疏去噪

针对目前图像去噪方法噪音抑制不彻底、容易模糊细节等问题,提出了一种利用核模糊C均值聚类和正则化的图像稀疏去噪方法.该方法首先将图像分成大小相同的若干块,并采用核模糊C均值聚类算法对相似的图像块进行聚类,从而保证同一类图像块共享相同的稀疏去噪模型;然后,选择由经典图像库中图像训练而得的全局字典作为初始字典,很好地适应图像的多种特征;接着,对于同一类图像块,通过施加1/2范数正则化约束,实现该类图像块在字典下的稀疏分解,确保分解系数更为稀疏;最后,通过改进的K-奇异值分解算法完成字典的更新,并选择与原稀疏模型差异最大的图像块来替换更新字典的冗余原子,从而有效地去除图像噪音.实验结果表明,与小波扩散去噪法、固定字典去噪法、最优方向去噪法、K-奇异值分解去噪法相比,该方法能更有效地去除图像噪音,保留图像细节,改善图像视觉效果.     

稀疏阈值的超分辨率图像重建

为了解决基于字典学习的超分辨重构算法耗时过长的问题,提出了基于稀疏阈值模型的图像超分辨率重建方法。首先,将联合字典理论与图像块稀疏阈值方法相结合,训练得到高、低分辨率过完备图像字典对。接着,通过稀疏阈值OMP算法对图像特征块进行稀疏表示。然后,通过高分辨率字典重构出初始的超分辨图像。最后,通过改进迭代反投影算法对初始的超分辨图像进行全局优化,从而进一步提高图像重构质量。实验结果表明,超分辨图像重构平均峰值信噪比(PSNR)为30.1 d B,平均结构自相似度(SSIM)为0.937 9,平均计算时间为10.2 s。有效提高了超分辨重构的速度,改善了重构高分辨图像的质量。     

基于小波变换和非负支撑域递归逆滤波算法的盲目图像复原

提出了一种将自适应正则化方法与非负支撑域递归逆滤波(NAS-RIF)算法相结合用于小波域的盲图像复原算法.该算法先对降质图像进行小波分解,得到了图像在不同子频段的信息.在各个子频段采用NAS-RIF算法进行复原.针对各个子频段内图像的频率和方向特性,分别引入了不同的正则化约束项.在各个子频段估计出噪声方差,提出了根据噪声方差和图像局部方差来选取正则化参数.分别对两幅模糊图像进行了仿真实验,复原结果取得的信噪比分别为19.66 dB和23.86 dB.实验结果表明,复原效果相对于空间自适应正则化方法有一定的提高.     

L-曲线准则在正则化图像复原中的应用

对因大气湍流引起的退化图像复原问题,采用Tikhonov正则化方法将其归结为一个适定的线性方程组的求解问题。当图像边界满足周期性条件时,利用二维离散傅里叶变换及其逆变换即可求得复原图像。在求解方程组中,利用L-曲线准则确定出能够平衡正则化函数和偏差函数的正则化参数,以得到较为理想的复原结果。仿真结果表明,当降质图像的噪声方差不是很大时,该方法能够得到较好的复原效果。     

基于非线性光谱字典学习的单幅RGB图像光谱重建方法研究

针对单幅RGB图像重建光谱图像中的病态问题,提出一种基于非线性光谱字典学习的非线性重建方法。为了适应线性和非线性数据,该方法首先改进了基于自联想神经网络模型的非线性主成分分析算法,并利用其从训练光谱集中学习低维光谱字典,用于光谱重建的求逆方程中,以缓解病态状况。再在此光谱字典基础上,利用阻尼高斯牛顿法结合截断奇异值分解的正则化方法,进一步缓解该非线性反演的病态问题,实现单幅RGB图像重建光谱图像。在实验中,采用Munsell以及Munsell+Pantone两个光谱训练集学习光谱字典,同时利用CAVE和UEA光谱图像库进行光谱重建测试。该方法测试结果与现有方法比较发现,该方法在不同光谱训练集下重建CAVE和UEA两库光谱图像的均方根差的平均值最低,分别为0.212 4,0.255 4,0.229 4和0.294 9,均方根差的标准偏差接近最好方法的效果,分别为0.068 5,0.084 7,0.066 8和0.087 0。此结果表明该方法针对单幅RGB图像重建光谱图像在重建精度和稳定性上均存在优势。     

自适应双树复小波遥感图像复原

由于遥感图像先验知识难以获取,提出了一种自适应的双树复小波迭代收缩复原算法。该算法根据模糊程度和噪声程度估计正则化参数,并利用经验公式计算收缩阈值。在实际应用中,算法能有效解决两步迭代算法使用固定参数的缺点,从而达到提高图像复原质量的目的。实验表明:相对于两步迭代算法,该算法复原图像的峰值信噪比提高0.64~12.23dB,收敛速度提高1.4~16倍;同时,算法在提高图像复原质量、抑制噪声干扰及减少计算时间方面优势明显。     

图-谱结合的压缩感知高光谱视频图像复原

针对液晶可调滤波片高光谱成像系统记录动态场景的成像特点,提出一种图-谱结合的压缩感知高光谱视频图像复原方法。首先,通过前景目标检测获得运动前景目标的高光谱图像,实现运动前景目标与背景区域分离,并根据前景目标检测结果将背景区域划分为运动区域(被前景目标遮挡区域)与静止区域(未被前景目标遮挡区域)。然后,基于高光谱图像空间维、光谱维相关性,对静止区域进行字典学习获得稀疏先验信息,结合压缩感知理论用于运动区域恢复,得到完整的背景区域高光谱图像。最后,将运动前景目标高光谱图像与背景区域高光谱图像相结合,得到高光谱视频图像。实验结果表明:本文提出的高光谱视频图像复原方法在峰值信噪比和视觉效果上都要优于现有算法,峰值信噪比平均提高5 d B以上。     

基于随机点扩散函数的多帧湍流退化图像自适应复原方法

针对湍流退化图像随机性的问题,提出了一种基于随机点扩散函数的多帧湍流退化图像自适应复原方法。首先介绍了随机点扩散函数的图像退化模型,并分析了点扩散函数随机性对图像复原造成的影响,建立了基于随机点扩散函数的多帧图像退化模型。在此基础上,建立了基于多帧退化图像的全变分复原模型,利用前向后向算子分裂法对模型进行求解,提高了算法的运算效率。然后,提出了一种新的自适应正则化参数选取方法,该方法利用全变分复原模型的目标函数计算正则化参数,当正则化参数收敛时,复原图像的峰值信噪比达到最大值,因此利用目标函数的相对差值作为自适应算法迭代终止的条件,可以获得最佳复原效果。最后通过实验分析,算法中退化图像的帧数应不大于10帧。实验结果表明:当取10帧退化图像时,AFBS算法运算时间与单帧的FBS算法相当,信噪比增益为1.4 dB。本文算法对图像噪声有明显的抑制作用,对湍流退化图像可以获得较好的复原效果。     

中子数字图像几何不锐度校正算法研究

以中子数字成像系统的开发为背景,提出一种用于中子数字图像几何不锐度校正的图像复原算法。首先分析了中子数字成像的准直成像系统,得到引起中子数字图像几何不锐度的点扩展函数。据此,提出一种正则化的Lucy-Richardson(LR)算法,该算法利用贝叶斯(Bayes)最大后验估计理论研究了小波系数的双变量层间模型,推导出一种有效的小波降噪方法,并将小波降噪引入LR算法的迭代过程,此方法可有效解决原始LR算法的噪声放大问题。将改进的LR算法用于一个测试样品中子数字图像的几何不锐度校正,结果表明,该算法可以克服原始LR算法的不足,并优于频域小波域联合正则化图像复原算法。该方法还可以推广到其他图像复原的应用中。     

Motion deblurring using edge map with blurred/noisy image pairs

Motion deblurring methods using blurred/noisy image pairs usually include denoising process of the noisy image. Because both remaining noise and distorted fine details in the denoised image cause an error on deblurring, we propose an algorithm using an edge map of the noisy image to retain sharp edge information while neglecting noise in any smooth region that does not contain information about the motion that occurred during the exposure. In addition, the blur kernel is efficiently estimated by employing the fast total variation regularization method for the gradients of blurred and noisy images only on edge regions. For latent image restoration, another fidelity term is added, which compares the gradients of the noisy and estimated latent images on edge regions to preserve the fine details of the noisy image. To model a sparse distribution of real-world image gradients, a deconvolution method imposing hyper-Laplacian priors based on an alternating minimization scheme is also derived to restore a latent image efficiently. Experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratios of the restored images against the original latent images have been increased by 11.1% on average, when compared to the existing algorithms using an image pair.     

Single image deblurring using novel image prior constraints

Single image deblurring is a highly ill-posed problem and requires to be regularized. Many common forms of image prior have a major drawback that is unable to make full use of local image information. In this paper, we propose a single image deblurring method using novel image prior constraints. We establish a probabilistic model by enforcing inspired image prior constraints and adopt an advanced iterative scheme that alternates between blur kernel estimation and non-blind image restoration. To suppress ringing artifacts caused by inevitable blur kernel estimated errors, our method employs total variation image restoration and presents an alternation half-quadratic algorithm to solve the non-convex cost function. Finally, experiments show that our method has good performance in suppressing ringing artifacts, and makes a good balance between alleviating staircase effects and preserving image details.     

Single image motion deblurring: An accurate PSF estimation and ringing reduction

In this paper we have proposed a single image motion deblurring algorithm that is based on a novel use of dual Fourier spectrum combined with bit plane slicing algorithm and Radon transform (RT) for accurate estimation of PSF parameters such as, blur length and blur angle. Even after very accurate PSF estimation, the deconvolution algorithms tend to introduce ringing artifacts at boundaries and near strong edges. To prevent this post deconvolution effect, a post processing method is also proposed in the framework of traditional Richardson–Lucy (RL) deconvolution algorithm. Experimental results evaluated on the basis of both qualitative and quantitative (PSNR, SSIM) metrics, verified on the dataset of both grayscale and color blurred images show that the proposed method outperforms the existing algorithms for removal of uniform blur. A comparison with state-of-the-art methods proves the usefulness of the proposed algorithm for deblurring real-life images/photographs.     

An efficient approach for feature-preserving mesh denoising

With the growing availability of various optical and laser scanners, it is easy to capture different kinds of mesh models which are inevitably corrupted with noise. Although many mesh denoising methods proposed in recent years can produce encouraging results, most of them still suffer from their computational efficiencies. In this paper, we propose a highly efficient approach for mesh denoising while preserving geometric features. Specifically, our method consists of three steps: initial vertex filtering, normal estimation, and vertex update. At the initial vertex filtering step, we introduce a fast iterative vertex filter to substantially reduce noise interference. With the initially filtered mesh from the above step, we then estimate face and vertex normals: an unstandardized bilateral filter to efficiently smooth face normals, and an efficient scheme to estimate vertex normals with the filtered face normals. Finally, at the vertex update step, by utilizing both the filtered face normals and estimated vertex normals obtained from the previous step, we propose a novel iterative vertex update algorithm to efficiently update vertex positions. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that our method can outperform the selected state of the art methods, in particular, its computational efficiency (up to about 32 times faster).     

用于压缩感知磁共振成像的分割字典学习算法

字典学习算法可以根据数据本身的特点构建稀疏域中的基,从而使数据的表示更加稀疏.该文在传统的字典学习算法基础上提出了分割字典学习算法,由于部分磁共振图像组织结构简单、可以进行图像分割,因此可根据此特点来优化字典中基函数的构建,使磁共振图像的表达更为稀疏,从而获得更高的重建图像质量.该文利用模拟数据和真实数据进行了重建实验,结果表明与传统的字典学习算法相比,分割字典学习算法能进一步改善重建图像质量.     

Enhanced resolution for EPR imaging by two-step deblurring

The broad spectrum of spin probes used for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) result in poor spatial resolution of the reconstructed images. Conventional deconvolution procedures can enhance the resolution to some extent but obtaining high resolution EPR images is still a challenge. In this work, we have implemented and analyzed the performance of a postacquisition deblurring technique to enhance the spatial resolution of the EPR images. The technique consists of two steps; noniterative deconvolution followed by iterative deconvolution of the acquired projections which are then projected back using filtered backprojection (FBP) to reconstruct a high resolution image. Further, we have proposed an analogous technique for iterative reconstruction algorithms such as multiplicative simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (MSIRT) which can be a method of choice for many applications. The performance of the suggested deblurring approach is evaluated using computer simulations and EPRI experiments. Results suggest that the proposed procedure is superior to the standard FBP and standard iterative reconstruction algorithms in terms of mean-square-error (MSE), spatial resolution, and visual judgment. Although the procedure is described for 2D imaging, it can be readily extended to 3D imaging.     

基于凸优化的傅里叶叠层成像技术研究

在傅里叶叠层成像（FPM）过程中采集的低分辨率图像会对重建图像质量产生直接影响,已有的研究提出用图像超分辨率重建技术和对低分辨率图像进行传统去噪处理的方法来解决该问题,但超分辨率重建的方法需要采集大量的原始图像,会加大采集端的时间损耗,而传统去噪算法会造成原始信息丢失,严重影响重构图像质量。因此论文引入凸优化算法,噪声图像的恢复可以通过求解一个凸优化模型来实现,并用迭代收缩阈值算法来求解该模型,算法中采用Barzilai-Borwein（BB）规则在每次迭代时初始化线搜索步长,加快收敛速度,选用软阈值函数,使图像去噪时原始信息丢失减少,最终重构图像的PSNR为27.634 6 dB,SSIM为0.926 1,所需处理时间为5.850 s,因此基于凸优化的傅里叶叠层成像技术具有时间损耗不大的情况下提高重构图像质量的优点。     

基于K-SVD和残差比的低信噪比图像稀疏表示去噪算法

针对低信噪比图像去噪问题,提出了一种基于K-SVD(Singular Value Decomposition)和残差比(Residual Ratio Iteration Termination)的正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP)图像稀疏分解去噪算法。该算法利用K-SVD算法将离散余弦变换(Discrete cosine transform,DCT)框架产生的冗余字典训练成能够有效反映图像结构特征的超完备字典,以实现图像的有效表示。然后以残差比作为OMP算法迭代的终止条件来实现图像的去噪。实验表明,该算法相对于传统基于Symlets小波图像去噪、基于Contourlet变换的图像去噪,以及基于DCT冗余字典的稀疏表示图像去噪,能够更加有效地滤除低信噪比图像中的高斯白噪声,保留原图像的有用信息。