漂移管直线加速器高功率波导窗的物理设计

为了研发中国散裂中子源(CSNS)漂移管直线加速器(DTL)的功率耦合器,在对常规波导窗结构进行改进的基础上,设计了一种新型高功率波导窗。利用微波仿真软件CST优化了波导窗的高频传输特性,并采用ANSYS分析了波导窗在通功率时的温升及热应力以防止陶瓷片破裂,结果表明,波导窗能传输的最大平均功率达到了800 kW。校核了波导窗抽真空时的机械强度,并对陶瓷窗高频打火进行初步讨论,结果表明,漂移管直线加速器入腔功率为2 MW,小于波导窗的临界输入功率2.355 MW,窗内打火的机率很小。     

花瓣形辐照加速器NB100的高频系统设计

介绍了花瓣形辐照加速器NB100高频系统整体方案和设计过程,如输入组件采用磁耦合设计、功率源与加速腔间采用同轴线连接、隔离窗选用平板窗等;给出了耦合环的最终设计数据与图形。高频系统投入使用后,通过初步测试,得到了驻波比小于1.1情况下,入射功率连续100 kW、脉冲250 kW的结果,证实了高频系统设计的合理性。     

波导型高功率微波输能窗的研究进展

波导型高功率微波输能窗是高功率速调管和高能粒子加速器的关键部件,输出窗高频击穿是引起高功率速调管失效的一个重要因素。综述了国内外电真空领域波导型输能窗的研究进展,介绍了传统盒型窗的研究现状、工艺要求和击穿机理;介绍了锥型窗、行波窗、复合模窗以及过模窗等新型输能窗的设计特点,给出了改变窗片材料属性、改变窗片表面形态、窗片边缘倒角、外置直流电场/直流磁场、改变信号波形等击穿抑制技术的研究进展。     

行波谐振环和陶瓷窗高功率老炼

 为了老炼国家同步辐射实验室200 MeV直线加速器新陶瓷窗，制作了一个功率增益4.5，最高峰值功率60 MW的波导行波谐振环。对谐振环的工作原理和技术参数进行了简单介绍。对陶瓷窗功率老炼的步骤和应注意的技术细节进行了较详细的分析，提出了克服电子倍增效应的一些方法。陶瓷窗老炼峰值功率为30 MW，平均功率3.7 kW，脉冲长度2.5μs。     

The influence of external parameters on the peculiarities of a hybrid low-pressure radio-frequency discharge

This paper deals with the experimental study of the patterns of the RF power input into the plasma of a hybrid RF discharge that was sustained by an RF power unit, which consisted of a spiral antenna connected in parallel with capacitor electrodes. At low values of RF generator power, RF power has been shown to be derived in the hybrid discharge through the capacitive channel; the role of the inductive channel becomes more significant at higher RF generator power as the power of the RF generator increases. It was demonstrated that at a low power of the RF generator the RF power occurs in the hybrid discharge essentially through the capacitive channel and then increases as the power of the RF generator increases. The larger the contribution of the inductive channel is, the smaller the value of the dividing capacity included in the capacitive discharge chain is.     

0.22THz宽带折叠波导行波管设计与实验

为了获得0.22THz宽带折叠波导行波管,对行波管的慢波结构和输入输出窗结构进行了宽带设计。通过理论分析和电磁仿真计算出合适的参数,使慢波结构在0.22THz工作点附近的色散曲线平坦,耦合阻抗变化小,模拟计算得到的慢波结构3dB带宽大于16GHz;通过对盒型窗结构及匹配段的优化计算,得到的输入输出结构在大于30GHz范围内S11参数小于-25dB。根据该设计进行了两轮制管和实验研究,得到了一支3dB瞬时带宽约8.8GHz,另一支3dB瞬时带宽大于12GHz的0.22THz折叠波导行波管,中心频率的峰值功率大于400mW。     

3mm回旋行波管微波等离子体化学气相沉积金刚石输出窗

为了解决目前3mm回旋行波管所使用的蓝宝石输出窗因功率容量不足而发生破裂的问题。从抗热震性和功率容量两个方面出发,对常用的几种窗片材料进行了对比。在国内首次以微波等离子体化学气相沉积金刚石为窗片材料,利用数值计算及ANSYS软件仿真设计了用于3mm回旋行波管的低反射,低吸收,宽带宽,高功率容量的输出窗。结果表明,所设计的输出窗适用于TE01模式输出,其S11参数小于-20dB的带宽为6GHz。同时,该输出窗具有良好的抗热震性,在自然对流散热条件下具有61kW的功率容量。     

低反射低吸收高平均功率输出窗的设计

 对高平均功率微波、毫米波输出窗的反射和吸收功率进行了理论分析，以蓝宝石输出窗为例，给出了低反射、低吸收的高平均功率回旋速调管放大器输出窗的设计方案。该放大器输出窗厚度为1.35mm，半径为9mm，工作频率为34GHz，在加工误差小于2%的情况下，输出窗反射率小于1%，当平均输出功率为10kW时窗片的吸收功率为2.5W。     

电介质表面纵向射频电场对次级电子倍增效应的影响

基于次级电子倍增动力学模型和次级电子发射曲线,运用蒙特卡罗方法模拟电介质表面具有纵向射频电场作用下的单边次级电子倍增现象,研究次级电子倍增的表面电场敏感曲线和时间演化图像. 以一个S波段射频介质窗为例,计算次级电子在其介质表面的沉积功率. 结果表明,纵向射频电场可能加剧电介质表面的次级电子倍增效应,易于导致介质片破裂,不利于高频能量传输. 关键词： 纵向射频场 次级电子倍增效应 蒙特卡罗方法 功率沉积     

Optimum Design for RF Windows in Millimeter Wave High Power Tubes

The pill-box and block RF windows for millimeter wave (MMW) tubes are presented. The pill-box window is suitable for broadband MMW tubes. And the block window can be used for high power tubes in short MMW. The equivalent circuits for two windows are given. To reach better match characteristics in wider operating bandwidth, the optimum design methods for pill-box and block window in MMW tubes are described in this paper. The testing results show that the theoretic computation is fast and useful accuracy. The design methods possess references value to designer for MMW tubes.     

Q波段回旋行波管宽带高平均功率输出窗设计与热分析

利用场匹配理论建立传输级联矩阵的方法对多层窗片结构输出窗进行研究,通过大量的数值计算给出Q波段回旋行波管一种新型中间风冷结构输出窗的参数,然后通过数值计算和HFSS仿真验证,该新型输出窗在46~50GHz范围内,S11反射系数小于-20dB。在此基础上进一步对该输出窗进行热分析,热分析表明:新型输出窗窗片中心与边缘温差与传统输出窗相比大幅下降,热应力大大减小,提高了输出窗的功率容量。回旋行波管工作在TE01模式时,新型输出窗获得的最大饱和功率容量达到90kW,与传统输出窗相比,功率容量提高了21.8kW。     

BEPCⅡ直线加速器速调管的反射保护

为了使速调管陶瓷窗免受大功率微波反射信号的损伤,延长速调管使用寿命,要求当前反射信号功率超过阈值后,系统能够在下一个脉冲到达之前发出报警信号,进而切断触发信号,实现对速调管的保护。提出了3种较高性价比、易实施的方案,即PicoScope虚拟示波器的遮罩报警方案、基于自带检波和报警输出功能的芯片制作反射保护插件以及原功率计的升级改进。创新性地提出“3+1”反射保护响应时间测试法,并对上述3种方案进行详细测试。最终后两种方案取得较好的结果,综合考虑后,将改进型功率计作为最终实施方案。目前该改进型功率计已稳定可靠地上线运行超过1年。     

Efficient adjustment of the RF parameters of directly modulated laser diodes with ‘RF’ light-current parameters

An efficient method of adjusting the RF parameters of directly modulated laser diodes (LDs) is presented. By using the light-current parameters estimated from initial RF measurements, the new bias and modulation currents are obtained self-consistently for the target extinction ratio and average optical power. Experiments performed using distributed feedback lasers show that this adjustment method works efficiently, bringing the initial RF parameters very close to the target values within a couple of iterations. This method can be useful in manufacturing where there is a need to adjust the RF performance of the direct-modulated LDs to a desired specification.     

165 GHz, 1.5 MW-coaxial cavity gyrotron with depressed collector

A further step in the development of a coaxial-cavity gyrotron operated in the transverse electric TE_-31,17 mode at 165 GHz is presented. The gyrotron has been equipped with a quasi-optical output system consisting of a Vlasov launcher with a single cut and two mirrors, one with a quasi-elliptic and the other with a nonquadratic phase correcting surface. The radio frequency (RF) power is transmitted through a single output window. A maximum output power of 1.7 MW has been achieved. At the nominal operational parameters an RF power of 1.3 MW with an efficiency of 27.3% has been measured. The efficiency increases to 41% in operation with a single-stage depressed collector     

A RF window for broadband millimeter wave tubes

The equivalent circuit and design method for a RF window in millimeter wave band are presented. Computation and experiment show that matching band of the RF window is wider. It can be used as output window for broadband millimeter wave tubes.     

Investigation of the sapphire window on short MM waves band

A analytic method of the eguivalent network for RF sapphire window of 3mm diffraction radiation oscillator is given in the paper. Numerical simulate and experiment are carried out on 3mm wave band. The testing results show that the design method agrees with the practical windows, and it is the fast optimum method. We employ the universal method, the piece of the window can be equal to dielectric waveguide and one end of the window connects the coupling slit of the mirror of open cavity. The design window by means of this method is used satisfactorily on 3mm DRO. The tube operates in the 84 – 108GHZ band, the output power is about 250mW.     

Power deposited on a dielectric by multipactor

We use a simple transmission line model to evaluate the RF power deposited on a dielectric window by a multipactor discharge. The calculation employs Monte Carlo simulation, using realistic secondary electron yield curves as input, and taking into account the distributions in the emission velocities and emission angles of the secondary electrons. Beam loading on the external RF, as well as the evolution of the DC electric field due to dielectric charging, are also accounted for. It is found that the buildup of the multipactor space charge, rather than beam loading, causes saturation. Over a wide range of operating conditions and materials, it is found quite generally that the multipactor delivers on the order of 1 percent, or less, of the RF power to the dielectric. A simple estimate is given in support of this ratio, using the susceptibility diagram that was constructed from kinematic considerations. Comparison with experimental results is given     

Mode control in a high-gain relativistic klystron amplifier

Middle cavities between the input and output cavity can be used to decrease the required input RF power for the relativistic klystron amplifier.Meanwhile higher modes,which affect the working mode,are also easy to excite in a device with more middle cavities.In order for the positive feedback process for higher modes to be excited,a special measure is taken to increase the threshold current for such modes.Higher modes' excitation will be avoided when the threshold current is significantly larger than the beam current.So a high-gain S-band relativistic klystron amplifier is designed for the beam of current 5 kA and beam voltage 600 kV.Particle in cell simulations show that the gain is 1.6×105 with the input RF power of 6.8 kW,and that the output RF power reaches 1.1 GW.     

ICP-AES分析河蚌肉中14种微量元素

应用ICP-AES测定河蚌肉中14种微量元素,同时进行ICP-AES仪器工艺参数优化试验。结果表明：适当降低射频（RF）发生器功率和增加雾化器压力,有利于易电离元素（如K、Na元素）测试;适当增加RF功率和降低雾化器压力有利于中等易电离和难电离元素,如Cr、Cd等其他12种元素测试。样品提升量的改变,对各元素测试影响并不太大。元素测试的相关系数范围为0.9994—0.9999,检出限范围为0.3—18.5 ng.mL-1,回收率范围为93.6%—104.8%之间,RSD为8.0%。河蚌肉中含有丰富的矿物元素,如：K、Na、Ca、Mg及其他一些人体健康所必需的微量元素,如Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr。但过多食用时,应考虑有害元素Cd、As、Pb潜在的污染危险性,和一些微量元素的过量性问题。     

Design of a 50 kW, wideband Ka-band slow wave cyclotron amplifier

A two-stage slow wave cyclotron amplifier is investigated to demonstrate a high power, stable, and broad Ka-band radiation source, operating at a low beam power (~60 kV, ~5 amps) and a low magnetic field (~7 kG). A linear theory predicts that the second harmonic gyro-BWO is competing in the amplifier and can be stabilized by inserting a sever in the interaction circuit. A slow-time-scale non-linear code, with a sever included, predicts a saturated gain of 24-28 dB, an efficiency of 15-17%, and an instantaneous bandwidth of 15-20% at a beam axial velocity spread of 2%. A broadband RF coupler, a mode converter, and a RF vacuum window are designed by the use of a 3D electromagnetic, finite element code. Measured RF characteristics are in good agreement with predictions