包含外壳磁阻的微型平衡电枢换能器仿真模型的阻抗和振动分析

现有的“E”型平衡电枢等效磁路模型仿真研究通常不考虑金属外壳磁阻带来的影响。为了解决平衡电枢换能器中因金属外壳和平衡电枢紧密接触带来的非线性磁阻问题，在现有的平衡电枢换能器等效磁路模型上加入了外壳磁阻影响。分析等效磁路模型磁通部分和力学部分的状态空间方程在不同参数条件下的仿真结果，总结不同参数对该模型阻抗和振膜位移的影响情况。通过仿真对比，外壳磁阻对平衡电枢换能器位移频率响应曲线的影响为1～3 dB。对于组装后包含金属外壳的平衡电枢耳机、助听器产品降低频率响应曲线偏差具有一定的指导意义。     

声波在锥棒中非经典非线性传播及实验验证

弹性体材料在早期退化阶段会出现一些长度不同,且分布不均匀的介观尺度微裂纹,声波在这些裂纹聚集区(或裂纹群)传播会激发较强的非经典非线性。文中以缓变截面的锥棒为研究对象,在Preisach-Mayergoyz (PM)空间模型下研究了声波通过微裂纹聚集区激发的非经典非线性谐波传播特性,实验验证了三次谐波位移幅度与缺陷位置、宽度的反演关系。理论计算和实验结果表明:微裂纹群激发了较强的奇次谐波,引起非经典非线性传播;其谐波幅度与微裂纹聚集区域位置、宽度及非经典非线性参数紧密相关,利用三次或五次谐波位移幅度能够准确定位缺陷的区域。      

扬声器辐射体旋转薄壳的谐波失真

研究了扬声器辐射体旋转薄壳几何非线性引起的谐波失真。采用摄动法和有限元法确定了2次和3次谐波振型,计算了薄壳材料参数和几何参数对谐波失真的影响。结果表明扬声器薄壳谐波失真的机制是分割振动模态的基波共振和超谐波共振,以基波共振为主。采用高阻尼、大杨氏模量和低密度的振膜材料可以降低振膜谐波失真;厚度对谐波失真的峰值影响不大;锥壳半顶角过大,可使3次谐波明显增大。      

磁悬浮列车用超导直线开关磁阻电机设计与分析

通过引入高温超导材料,提出一种新型的超导直线开关磁阻电机结构。建立超导直线开关磁阻电机有限元仿真模型,考虑超导材料的非线性特性,搭建电机控制电路,并详细阐述控制电路实施过程。然后对计算结果进行分析,研究了超导直线开关磁阻电机的励磁电流、推力及法向力变化以及磁场分布等问题,对比分析了传统直线开关磁阻电机与超导直线开关磁阻电机的电磁力特性,结果表明了所提直线电机结构的可行性和有效性。     

扬声器辐射体旋转薄壳的非线性振动方程

推导了扬声器辐射体旋转薄壳的离散非线性振动方程。从虚功原理出发,选用扬声器辐射体旋转薄壳的本征模态对连续体进行离散。薄壳的几何非线性采用Sanders非线性薄壳理论的应变一位移关系。方程系数由有限元方法确定。方程表明轴对称模态由驱动力直接激励,非轴对称模态由轴对称模态非线性耦合激励,该耦合激励表现为参数激励。方程揭示了扬声器非线性失真的机制,可用于分析扬声器辐射体薄壳非线性引起的谐波失真、分谐波失真和互调失真。      

基于电流密度的分段计算电爆炸模型研究

瞬态电阻是爆炸丝在电爆炸过程中最重要的参数之一,准确描述爆炸丝电阻的非线性时变特性是电爆炸仿真的关键,决定了电爆炸过程的仿真精度。为解决传统仿真模型精度差的问题,提出了根据电流密度采用分段计算的方法校正传统电阻率-比作用量关系,建立基于电流密度的分段计算电爆炸仿真模型。结果表明,在大脉冲电流条件下,基于电流密度的分段计算电爆炸模型精度较传统的仿真模型精度明显提高,可用于高精度的爆炸丝电爆炸过程研究。     

基于优化BP神经网络的钢板测速修正方法

在采用激光多普勒仪测速的钢板长度测量过程中,针对由于钢板表面因素和测量环境所引起的测量速度数据失真问题,设计了基于L-M(Levenberg-Marquardt)优化BP神经网络的钢板测速数据处理模型;通过进行多普勒测速数据分析调整BP网络结构和参数,依据误差反向传播理论将测速数据自适应地进行非线性拟合,修正测速粗差,最后计算钢板准确长度;与最小二乘(LS)拟合法的对比实验结果表明,该方法能更加准确地进行失真数据修正,现场运行结果表明该方法可将钢板测长精度提高10%以上,满足钢板长度测量的精度要求。     

高频聚焦超声声场和温度场的仿真研究

为探究临床常用的7 MHz高频聚焦超声在多层生物组织中的声传播以及毫秒级时间内的生物传热规律问题,基于Westervelt方程和Pennes传热方程,使用有限元方法建立高频聚焦超声辐照多层组织的非线性热黏性声传播及传热模型。首先分析了线性模型和非线性模型之间的差异,然后在非线性模型下探究换能器的参数对声场和温度场的影响。仿真结果显示：在7 MHz频率下,当换能器输出声功率超过5 W时,声波传播的非线性效应不可忽视(p <0.05);当声功率从5 W增大到15 W时,非线性模型与线性模型预测的温度偏差从20%增加到34.703%;高频聚焦超声波的非线性行为比低频更加显著,基频能量向高次谐波转移的程度增大,声功率为10 W和15 W时4次谐波与基波之比分别达到7.33%和12.12%;高频换能器参数的改变对组织中声场和温度场分布的影响较大,换能器焦距从12 mm减小到11.2 mm,焦点处最高温度增加了77%。结果表明,7 MHz聚焦超声的非线性声传播需要考虑到4次谐波的影响。该文提出的多层组织非线性仿真模型可为高频聚焦超声换能器参数优化及制定安全、有效的术前治疗方案提供理论参考。     

基于有限元的高温超导线圈临界电流快速算法

超导线圈在电力设备中应用广泛。临界电流作为超导线圈的一项重要参数,在电力设备复杂的电磁环境中快速和准确预测线圈的临界电流是非常重要的。基于有限元(FEM),分别使用H方程模型与磁场(简称:MF)等效模型对一个双层的高温超导线圈临界电流进行了计算,两种模型的仿真结果一致,并分析了MF等效模型仿真快速高效的原因。将MF等效模型拓展至含分磁环的超导线圈中,进一步计算不同外场条件下分磁环对临界电流的影响,并发现分磁环影响下的端部电场激升是线圈临界电流下降的主要原因。     

交直交型机车的高频谐波混沌分析

针对典型的交直交型动车组CRH2车型,推导出其在正弦脉宽调制下的参数方程,并建立一套新的非线性参数模型.通过混沌原理分析了高次谐波的分形情况,并针对典型的牵引变电站,进行了计算和仿真,依托实际录波的数据验证,证实高频谐波能够导致系统谐振,为混沌分析方法拓展了新的应用.     

一维非线性声波传播特性

针对一维非线性声波的传播问题进行了有限元仿真和实验研究. 首先推导了一维非线性声波方程的有限元形式, 含有高阶矩阵的非线性项导致声波具有波形畸变、谐波滋生、基频信号能量向高次谐波传递等非线性特性. 编制有限元程序对一维非线性声波进行了计算并对仿真得到的畸变非线性声波信号进行处理, 分析其传播性质和物理意义. 为验证有限元计算结果, 开展了水中的非线性声波传播的实验研究, 得到了不同输入信号幅度激励下和不同传播距离的畸变非线性声波信号. 然后对基波和二次谐波的传播性质进行详细讨论, 分析了二次谐波幅度与传播距离和输入信号幅度的变化关系及其意义, 拟合出二次谐波幅度随传播距离变化的方程并阐述了拟合方程的物理意义. 结果表明, 数值仿真信号及其频谱均与实验结果有较好的一致性, 证实计算方法和结果的正确性, 并提出了具有一定物理意义的二次谐波随传播距离变化的简单数学关系. 最后还对固体中的非线性声波传播性质进行了初步探讨. 本研究工作可为流体介质中的非线性声传播问题提供理论和实验依据.     

Identification of cascade of Hammerstein models for the description of nonlinearities in vibrating devices

In a number of vibration applications, systems under study are slightly nonlinear. It is thus of great importance to have a way to model and to measure these nonlinearities in the frequency range of use. Cascade of Hammerstein models conveniently allows one to describe a large class of nonlinearities. A simple method based on a phase property of exponential sine sweeps is proposed to identify the structural elements of such a model from only one measured response of the system. Mathematical foundations and practical implementation of the method are discussed. The method is afterwards validated on simulated and real systems. Vibrating devices such as acoustical transducers are well approximated by cascade of Hammerstein models. The harmonic distortion generated by those transducers can be predicted by the model over the entire audio frequency range for any desired input amplitude. Agreement with more time consuming classical distortion measurement methods was found to be good.     

Identification of a parametric loudspeaker system using an adaptive Volterra filter

Due to the parametric acoustic array effect in air, the input audible signal of a parametric loudspeaker system can be reproduced with high directivity at the target region. However, the reproduced audible signal suffers from harmonic distortion, which is the by-product of nonlinear interaction between the primary waves. In order to investigate this inherent nonlinear phenomenon, a nonlinear system identification model is developed based on an adaptive Volterra filter. Unlike the conventional loudspeaker, the nonlinear characteristic of a parametric loudspeaker system is dependent on several primary parameters in nonlinear acoustics, which include the initial pressure of the primary waves, the observing distance and angle, as well as ambient temperature and relative humidity. By using a truncated Volterra series up to the 2nd-order kernel, numerical simulations are conducted to develop a system model with one group of parameters and examine the quadratic nonlinear intensity for different parameters’ settings. Experimental measurements, which take into account of emitter’s response, are carried out to verify the modeling result and evaluate the model performance. Based on the Volterra system model, the sound pressure level and the harmonic distortion can be accurately predicted.     

Nonlinear vibration of a curved beam under uniform base harmonic excitation with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities

This paper presents nonlinear vibration analysis of a curved beam subject to uniform base harmonic excitation with both quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. The Galerkin method is employed to discretize the governing equations. A high-dimensional model that can take nonlinear model coupling into account is derived, and the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is employed to obtain the steady-state response of the curved beam. The cases investigated include softening stiffness, hardening stiffness and modal energy transfer. The stability of the periodic solutions for given parameters is determined by the multi-variable Floquet theory using Hsu's method. Particular attention is paid to the anti-symmetric response with and without excitation, as the excitation frequency is close to the first and third natural frequencies of the system. The results obtained with the IHB method compare very well with those obtained via numerical integration.     

A generalized time-domain model for nonlinear inter-satellite microwave photonics links under dual-tone modulation

A generalized time-domain model is presented for the evaluation of nonlinear distortion effects in inter-satellite microwave photonics links using a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) under dual-tone modulation. The model results in simple exact expressions for any harmonic and inter-modulation components at the output of the detector which can be applied to almost all operating conditions of DD-MZM, providing useful information to select system parameters for the performance optimization. Two special cases, double sideband and single sideband modulation, are studied in detail. Numerical results for the third-order inter-modulation distortion ratio (IMR3) are well matched with the analysis ones.     

High order harmonic balance formulation of free and encapsulated microbubbles

The radial responses of free and encapsulated microbubbles excited by an ultrasonic plane wave with a large wavelength in comparison with the bubble size are governed by NonLinear Ordinary Differential Equations (NL-ODEs). The nonlinear frequency response gives the harmonic content of the time response and constitutes the expected outcome of a high order harmonic analysis. In this paper, high order harmonic balance analysis of modified “RPNNP” (bubble), Hoff and Marmottant (contrast agents) models is performed with an open-source software program. For this purpose, the original NL-ODEs are recast into nonlinear systems in which the nonlinearities are at most quadratic. In the spectral domain, this recast provides close form and aliasing-free solutions of arbitrarily large numbers of harmonics. Relevant quantities such as primary and secondary resonances and the nonlinear amplitude threshold of the excitation wave are evaluated. The frequency curves drawn up characterize the bending and quantify the jump frequencies and amplitudes of each harmonic component. The results obtained with this predictive method confirm that it should provide a useful tool for nonlinear bubble detection and sizing and for contrast agent designing.     

Experimental study of nonlinear acoustical effects in limestone

Results of an experimental and theoretical study of nonlinear acoustic effects (amplitude-dependent loss, resonance frequency shift, second and third harmonic generation, and sound by sound damping) in a limestone bar resonator are reported. The observed effects are analytically described in the framework of phenomenological equations of state with allowance for the low-frequency hysteretic nonlinearity and the high-frequency dissipative nonlinearity. Experimental and analytical dependences of nonlinear effects are compared to find the parameters of the hysteretic and dissipative nonlinearities of the limestone sample studied.