密度泛函理论研究对位卤代二苯醚的结构、电荷分布及光谱

利用密度泛函理论,对三种对位卤代二苯醚及二苯醚的分子结构、电荷分布及光谱振动进行定量化研究。选取B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法优化对位卤代二苯醚的分子结构,计算所获最优结构的红外及拉曼光谱振动频率,归属对位卤代二苯醚的光谱振动;借助核磁共振和密立根电荷分布计算,并结合二苯醚电荷分布分析引入不同对位卤素取代基对二苯醚各原子电荷分布的影响,从电荷分布角度研究对位卤素取代基对对位卤代二苯醚特征振动频率影响的变化规律和振动机理。结果表明：在对位卤代二苯醚最优结构下,对位卤代二苯醚取代基电负性越小,原子半径越大,C—X键长越大,越易被自然环境降解;对位卤素取代基的引入对二苯醚电荷分布影响较大,取代基电负性越大,醚键对位碳原子的电子云密度下降越多,间位碳原子的电荷分布变化受到卤素取代基与醚键氧原子的综合电子效应的影响,对邻位碳原子电荷分布影响不大;原子间电荷密度差对成键稳定性及特征振动频率影响较大,对位卤素取代基电负性越大,特征振动频率越高。     

基于密度泛函理论的维生素C紫外光谱与激发性质的计算

维生素C为酸性己糖衍生物,有L-型（抗坏血酸（AA））和D-型（脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA））两种异构体,DHA是AA的第一个稳定氧化产物,是AA的可逆氧化形式,因此,对AA的任何性质或度量的讨论都将涉及同一体系中DHA的性质。紫外光谱是电子跃迁难易程度和几率的直观体现,理论计算方法与分子模型的构建不合理,都将导致对维生素C的最大吸收峰产生误判,从而无法准确的表征维生素C的激发性质。因此,为准确探究维生素C的抗氧化机理,在液相环境中,基于密度泛函理论（DFT）和含时密度泛函（TD-DFT）理论,分别采用pbepbe/6-311++g(2d, 2p)方法和B3LYP/6-311++g(2d, 2p)方法,计算并分析了维生素C的抗坏血酸和脱氢抗坏血酸分子的结构、紫外光谱及电子激发特征。结果表明：pbepbe/6-311++g(2d, 2p)是计算AA紫外吸收光谱更精确的方法;DHA比AA的环状结构发生了显著的平面扭曲。紫外光谱分析可知,基态跃迁到S1,S2,S3,S4,S14和S18激发态为AA产生紫外光谱的主要原因,AA位于200.171 5 nm处的吸收峰包含n→π*,n→σ*电子跃迁,266.9248 nm处的吸收峰包含n→π*和π→π*的跃迁。基态跃迁到S6,S9,S12,S13,S15,S16,S17,S19和S20激发态为DHA产生紫外光谱的主要原因,DHA的最强吸收峰位于181.024 8 nm处,具有n→σ*和n→π*的跃迁特征,231.346 39 nm处微弱的吸收峰指认为n→π*跃迁,282.466 8 nm处的吸收峰主要对应n→π*的跃迁;通过空穴-电子分布及其衍生量的分析,可定性地对AA吸收峰起主要作用的7个激发态的特征及对DHA吸收峰起主要作用的9个激发态的特征进行详细的指认。其中对AA紫外光谱起主要贡献的S4,S13和S14激发态与对DHA紫外光谱起主要贡献的S6,S9,S17和S20激发态电荷转移较明显,空穴的质心中心和电子质心的中心分离较明显,可以指认为电荷转移激发,而其他激发态的电子与空穴分离程度很低,指认为局域激发。     

芳香性取代基对2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑激发态质子转移和光谱性质影响的理论研究

运用密度泛函(DFT)和含时密度泛函(TD DFT)理论方法研究了在2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑(HBI)苯环羟基的对位分别被呋喃基、吡咯基等五种芳香性取代基后的衍生物(HBI-R)分子内质子转移过程,考察了取代基的电子离域效应对分子结构、分子内氢键和质子转移的影响,模拟计算了各分子的IR振动光谱和电子光谱。研究发现,基态的HBI与HBI-R分子内氢键O—H…N比O…H—N强度大,因氢键中的O—H增长和H—N的缩短,激发态氢键O—H…N弱于O…H—N强度,基态和激发态的稳定构型分别为醇式和酮式结构,取代基总体上使酮式构型相对稳定性有所增加,但呋喃基、吡咯基和噻吩基却略降低了激发态酮式构型相对稳定性。取代基降低了HBI基态和激发态分子内质子转移反应的能垒,但影响不大。电子吸收光谱的最大吸收峰和荧光光谱的最大发射峰主要源于前线分子轨道HOMO与LUMO之间的电子跃迁,芳环取代基增强了电子离域效应,使光谱的吸收峰和发射峰波长均有较大的红移。     

基于密度泛函理论的肾上腺素分子的光谱分析

肾上腺素是一种神经和激素的传送体,研究肾上腺素分子的光谱和能级有助于了解其化学稳定性和药理作用。基于密度泛函理论（DFT）,利用Gaussian 09软件在B3LYP/6-311G（d,p）基组水平上对肾上腺素分子进行结构优化,采用含时密度泛函理论（TD-DFT）的PBE方法在def2tzvp基组水平上计算肾上腺素分子在气相中的前20个激发态,利用Multiwfn3.7（dev）软件绘制出其紫外光谱图并对激发性质进行分析。肾上腺素分子紫外光谱对应的主要跃迁是从基态分别到第1,2,4,8,15和16激发态的跃迁,其他的激发态的振子强度低于阈值0.03。理论计算得出肾上腺素的紫外光谱有两个吸收峰,分别位于206.23和273.92 nm,206.23 nm峰主要由基态跃迁到第16激发态形成,273.92 nm峰主要是基态跃迁到第2、4激发态形成,主要是由苯环上π→π*跃迁所产生,并与实验光谱吻合较好。对肾上腺素分子的激发态性质分析可知,上述吸收峰都是在最高占据轨道和最低空轨道的临近轨道跃迁产生的。利用密度泛函的PBE方法在6-311G（d, p）的基组水平上计算肾上腺素分子频率并绘制红外光谱,由振动分析可知,3 738和3 662 cm-1峰是由酚羟基O-H伸缩振动产生的特征吸收峰,3 715 cm-1峰是由醇羟基O-H伸缩振动产生的特征吸收峰,2 854 cm-1峰是由甲基的C18-H20键的伸缩振动产生的特征吸收峰,1 516和1 439 cm-1峰是苯环骨架的伸缩振动的特征吸收峰,1 279与1 057 cm-1峰分别是由C6-O10和C12-O23键伸缩振动产生的特征吸收峰,620 cm-1峰是N22-H17键摇摆振动的特征吸收峰。对比肾上腺素的实验红外光谱,发现理论光谱与实验光谱中各基团的特征吸收峰都较为明显且总体吻合较好。由于肾上腺素分子二聚体和多聚体之间形成氢键,分子间氢键的形成削弱了O-H键的强度,降低了能形成分子间氢键的羟基O-H的伸缩振动频率,从而导致实验光谱在3 500～2 500 cm-1之间呈现出一个宽峰。     

卤代甲烷核磁共振谱化学位移的QSSR研究

利用描述电子效应的诱导效应指数（ΣI）、原子的平衡电负性（X_E）和反映核外电子云变形程度的总电子数（Σ_e）、各取代基到中心原子的化学键键长总和（Σ_d）以及各取代基电负性的和差值（ΔX）等参数对45个卤代甲烷化合物中的碳原子结构进行表征,并与其¹³C NMR谱化学位移建立了优良的定量结构-波谱关系模型：δ_Ｃ＝ -7403.8022-47.1765ΣI＋4290.0270X_E－3.3067ΔX－163.4672Σd－4.5153Σe＋22.9851Σe／Σd＋15.2597Σe／X_E－890.2521Σd／X_E．所建多元线性回归方程复相关系数R²及留一法（leave-one-out,LOO）交互验证（cross validation, CV）的复相关系数R²_CV分别为0.09951和0.9950．结果表明所建模型不仅能比现有文献更好地揭示卤代甲烷¹³C NMR谱化学位移与其分子结构信息之间的关系,同时也提供一种计算卤代甲烷¹³C NMR谱化学位移的新方法．     

光功能导向的SiNN分子电致发光特性研究

采用优选出的密度泛函B3P86/cc-PVTZ方法对SiNN分子进行了基态结构的优化,然后使用含时密度泛函方法(Time-dependent density functional theory,TDDFT)计算了SiNN分子前7个激发态的激发能,吸收谱,跃迁振子强度等激发特性,进而在得到不同外电场下SiNN分子的基态稳定结构的基础上,研究了外电场作用下SiNN分子的激发特性.与无电场时的激发特性进行比较发现SiNN分子的激发能,吸收谱,跃迁振子强度在外电场作用下变化明显,特别是加场后使原来跃迁禁戒的能级之间发生了跃迁,出现了紫光区的376～401 nm波长的吸收谱,电子在各能级之间的跃迁能力也发生了很大改变.同时对SiNN分子可见光谱的产生机理也进行了分析,经理论分析发现SiNN分子有可见光波段的发射谱且数值与实验测量结果非常吻合.     

卤代甲烷系列谱学性质与结构关系的研究

本文借助最大重迭杂化轨道理论研究了卤代甲烷系列分子的NMR自旋-自旋偶合常数和核四极偶合常数与结构的关系。较明确地反映了化学键性质和取代基对分子谱学性质的影响。     

蒽醌染料紫外光谱的量子化学CNDO/2研究

茵醌染料在纺织工业中占有重要的位置。将蒽醌环上引入不同的基团则成为不同的染料。应用量子化学CNDO／2方法对蒽醌染料的紫外光谱进行研究,算出了各分子轨道的能量及相应紫外光谱吸收峰的位置。发现引入的助色基其能量差、紫外光谱最大吸收峰及红移呈规律变化,原因均为n-n^*轨道跃迁。     

取代基对2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑分子内氢键及质子转移的影响:密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函(DFT)和含时密度泛函(TD DFT)理论方法研究了在2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑(HBT)苯环羟基的邻位或对位分别引入羟基和醛基后的衍生物分子内质子转移过程,考察了取代基的电子效应及取代位置对分子内氢键和质子转移反应的影响,模拟计算了各分子的IR振动光谱和电子光谱.研究发现,HBT及其衍生物分子可以形成分子内氢键,且激发态时氢键增强.基态时以醇式构型稳定存在,激发态时酮式结构为优势构象.分子的最大吸收峰和发射峰主要源于电子从前线分子轨道HOMO到LUMO之间的跃迁.基态分子内质子转移需要越过较高的能垒因而难以发生,而激发态时只需越过较低能垒就很容易发生激发态分子内质子转移.取代基的电子效应和取代位置对HBT分子氢键强度、互变异构体的相对稳定性、电子光谱及质子转移反应的能垒均有一定影响.     

取代基对2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑分子内氢键及质子转移的影响:密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函(DFT)和含时密度泛函(TD DFT)理论方法研究了在2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑(HBT)苯环羟基的邻位或对位分别引入羟基和醛基后的衍生物分子内质子转移过程，考察了取代基的电子效应及取代位置对分子内氢键和质子转移反应的影响，模拟计算了各分子的IR振动光谱和电子光谱.研究发现，HBT及其衍生物分子可以形成分子内氢键，且激发态时氢键增强.基态时以醇式构型稳定存在，激发态时酮式结构为优势构象.分子的最大吸收峰和发射峰主要源于电子从前线分子轨道HOMO到LUMO之间的跃迁.基态分子内质子转移需要越过较高的能垒因而难以发生，而激发态时只需越过较低能垒就很容易发生激发态分子内质子转移.取代基的电子效应和取代位置对HBT分子氢键强度、互变异构体的相对稳定性、电子光谱及质子转移反应的能垒均有一定影响.     

Mechanism of the toxicological interactions of decabrominated diphenyl ether with hemoglobin

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are vital flame retardants in production and human life and they are widespread global organic pollutants in the environment and likewise in food and feed, causing a potential health concern. Hemoglobin is the main protein in the blood, which is a carrier of oxygen in red blood cells. This work aimed at investigating the toxic interactions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers with hemoglobin, by molecular modeling and spectroscopic analysis methods. Decabrominated diphenyl ether and bovine hemoglobin were selected as representatives for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hemoglobin, respectively. The experimental results indicated that decabrominated diphenyl ether changed the frames’ conformation and the microenvironment of bovine hemoglobin, which can affect the physiological function of the protein. Decabrominated diphenyl ether combined with bovine hemoglobin with the average number of binding sites (0.7) to form bovine hemoglobin–decabrominated diphenyl ether complex. The binding constant was 860.95?L mol^?1. In addition, the molecular docking data revealed that the van der Waals forces played the primary role in the interaction between bovine hemoglobin and decabrominated diphenyl ether. The study provides insight into the molecular toxicity mechanism of decabrominated diphenyl ether during the blood transportation in vivo.     

壳模型对13N Gamow-Teller跃迁的研究

最近的研究表明¹³N的beta衰变对于Ia型超新星爆炸前的电子丰度有着重要的影响.本文在壳模型的基础上,首先计算¹³N基态到基态以及基态到不同激发态的Gamow-Teller(GT)跃迁强度,并将其与实验数据进行了比较.在理论计算的GT强度基础上,对不同温度和密度天体环境下¹³N的电子俘获率进行了细致的计算,并重点讨论基态到激发态的GT跃迁对电子俘获率变化的影响.结果表明,考虑基态到激发态的跃迁后,超新星的电子丰度下降,中微子能量损失增大.基态到激发态跃迁对电子俘获率的影响主要由低激发能级贡献. 关键词： Gamow-Teller跃迁 壳模型 电子俘获 激发态     

Electronic and optical properties of GaN/AlN quantum dots with adjacent threading dislocations

We present a theory to simulate a coherent GaN QD with an adjacent pure edge threading dislocation by using a finite element method. The piezoelectric effects and the strain modified band edges are investigated in the framework of multi-band $\bm k\cdot \bm p$ theory to calculate the electron and the heavy hole energy levels. The linear optical absorption coefficients corresponding to the interband ground state transition are obtained via the density matrix approach and perturbation expansion method. The results indicate that the strain distribution of the threading dislocation affects the electronic structure. Moreover, the ground state transition behaviour is also influenced by the position of the adjacent threading dislocation.     

Diagonal entropy in many-body systems: Volume effect and quantum phase transitions

We investigate the diagonal entropy(DE) of the ground state for quantum many-body systems, including the XY model and the Ising model with next nearest neighbor interactions. We focus on the DE of a subsystem of L continuous spins. We show that the DE in many-body systems, regardless of integrability, can be represented as a volume term plus a logarithmic correction and a constant offset. Quantum phase transition points can be explicitly identified by the three coefficients thereof. Besides, by combining entanglement entropy and the relative entropy of quantum coherence, as two celebrated representatives of quantumness, we simply obtain the DE, which naturally has the potential to reveal the information of quantumness. More importantly, the DE is concerning only the diagonal form of the ground state reduced density matrix, making it feasible to measure in real experiments, and therefore it has immediate applications in demonstrating quantum supremacy on state-of-the-art quantum simulators.     

Remarks concerning the 58 keV line from Her X1 interpreted as a synchrotron emission line

We assume the interpretation given by Trumper et al. regarding the prominent X-ray line of Her X1 to be valid, viz., that the 58 keV line of Her X1 stems from an electron in a magnetized plasma making a transition from the first quantized state (associated with a uniform magnetic field) to the ground state. Ignoring gravitational red shifts the width of the line is calculated from considerations of (1) the transition rate associated with an electron in the first excited state in a uniform magnetic field of the proper magnitude and (2) level broadening due to recooil of the electron due to photon emission and absorption. The resulting theoretical line width is then compared to the line width of ≈12 keV reported by Trumper et al. The importance of taking into account recoil effects is stressed.     

Peculiarities of the nonlinear absorption of colloidal solutions of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots under stationary single-photon excitation of excitons

Peculiarities of the nonlinear absorption of a colloidal solution of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with various sizes under resonant stationary excitation of the ground electron–hole (exciton) transition have been revealed by the pump and probe technique. The detected peculiarities of the nonlinear change in absorption are explained by the coexistence and competition of the effects of state filling and charge-induced Stark and temperature long-wavelength shift of the absorption spectra.     

DMSO溶剂中All-trans-astaxanthin激发态的飞秒时间分辨光谱

基于飞秒时间分辨瞬态吸收和多元瞬态光栅光谱技术对全反式Astaxanthin(AXT)在DMSO溶剂中的超快激发态弛豫动力学进行了观测.结果表明,光激发后AXT/DMSO体系直接发生S_0→S_2跃迁,基态漂白对应光谱范围为420~550nm.由S_2→S_1的内转换过程发生的时间常数为120~160fs.S_1态激发态吸收对应的光谱范围为550~740nm,基态漂白恢复过程对应的是S_1→S_0的内转换过程,其时间尺度为4.50~5.50ps.     

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF δ-DOPED GaAs AND GaAs/Al0.1Ga0.9As SUPERLATTICES

Radiative transition in δ-doped GaAs superlattices with and without Al_0.1Ga_0.9As barriers is investigated by using photoluminescence at low temperatures. The experimental results show that the transition mechanism of δ-doped superlattices is very different from that of ordinary superlattices. Emission intensity of the transition from the electron first excited state to hole states is obviously stronger than that from the electron ground state to hole states due to larger overlap integral between wavefunctions of electrons in the first excited state and hole states. Based on the effective mass theory we have calculated the self-consistent potentials, optical transition matrix elements and photoluminescence spectra for two different samples. By using this model we can explain the main optical characteristics measured. Moreover, after taking into account the bandgap renormalization energy, good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained.