甲醇/水混合团簇的多光子电离质谱研究

利用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱仪对甲醇/水混合团簇进行了研究.在脉冲激光波长为355 nm条件下观测到团簇离子.主要的电离产物为质子化的(CH3OH)n(H2O)H+(n=l-13)混合团簇离子与(CH3OH)nH+团簇离子,经分析(CH3OH)1o(H2O) H+和(CH3OH)3H+为幻数结构.甲醇水混合团簇电离后团簇离子发生内部质子化转移反应是形成质子化团簇离子的主要原因.不同尺寸团簇离子信号强度随电离激光光强变化的光强指数曲线显示,团簇均发生四光子电离过程.     

基于多光子电离的乙醇团簇飞行时间质谱研究

YAG脉冲激光倍频输出的532 nm和355 nm激光对脉冲分子束超声膨胀产生的中性乙醇团簇进行了电离,通过飞行时间质谱测量发现355 nm激光可对其实现3光子共振电离,观测到质子化的团簇离子序列(CH3CH2OH)nH+和 (CH3CH2OH)n (H2O)H+,其中(CH3CH2OH)3H+具有幻数结构.结合密度泛函理论中的B3LYP杂化方法加6-31G++基组水平上的计算,对质子化乙醇离子的结构及稳定性进行了推测,并讨论了乙醇团簇电离后的质子转移反应生成质子化团簇的机理.而对于另一个水合质子化团簇序列(CH3CH2OH)n(H2O)H+,由于溶剂化的影响只在较大尺寸时才出现.     

乙醚-水混合团簇的多光子电离质谱及从头算

应用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱仪对乙醚与水的混合团簇进行了研究,实验中观测到了多个序列的质子化团簇： (CH3CH2OCH2CH3)nH+（n=1、2…6）、(CH3CH2OCH2CH3)nH2OH+（n=1、2…4）和(CH3CH2OCH2CH3)n(H2O)2H+ （n=2、3、4）。通过对质谱的研究发现,(CH3CH2OCH2CH3)3H2OH+为幻数结构。结合从头计算理论,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)基组水平上对乙醚与水混合团簇的可能构型进行优化,得到了其稳定构型。振动频谱分析显示,团簇中最强的红外振动模式主要来自氢键中H的伸缩振动的贡献。     

激光溅射Ni等离子体与气相CH3OH团簇的反应

用激光溅射 分子束技术研究了气相中Ni的等离子体与甲醇分子团簇的反应 .观察到Ni+ (CH3 OH) n、NiO+ (CH3 OH) n、H+ (CH3 OH) n、H3 O+ (CH3 OH) n 四个种类的团簇正离子和CH3 O-(CH3 OH) n(n≤ 2 5 )一种团簇负离子 .详细考察了激光烧蚀等离子体作用于脉冲分子束的不同位置时 ,对团簇产物种类和团簇尺寸大小的影响 .发现NiO+ (CH3 OH) n 是由Ni+ (CH3 OH) n 团簇内的脱甲烷反应生成的 ,而H+ (CH3 OH) n、H3 O+ (CH3 OH) n主要是激光等离子体中的电子与甲醇团簇碰撞电离产生的     

激光作用下甲醇团簇多光子电离质谱研究

YAG脉冲激光的三倍频输出(355 nm)3光子共振电离由脉冲分子束超声膨胀产生的甲醇团簇,观测到质子化的团簇离子序列(CH3OH)nH (n=1~15),其中n=1~3的团簇离子强度明显大于其他尺寸的团簇离子,而n>3的强度随n的增大依次减小,且这种强度分布特征与电离激光相对于脉冲分子束的延时无关,同时对团簇离子的产生受实验条件的影响作了探讨。结合密度泛函密度泛函理论中的B3LYP杂化方法加6-31G 基组水平上的计算,推测了质子化甲醇离子的结构及稳定性,并讨论了甲醇团簇电离后的质子转移反应生成质子化团簇的机理。而对于另一个水合质子化团簇序列H (H2O)(CH3OH)n,由于溶剂化的影响只在较大尺寸时才出现。     

A1等离子体与甲醇团簇的反应

利用激光烧蚀-分子束法(LA-MB)对激光烧蚀金属铝靶产生的Al等离子体与脉冲分子束超声膨胀产生的(CH3OH)n团簇在气相条件下的反应进行了研究.烧蚀激光相对于脉冲分子束之间的延时不同,观测到团簇离子序列及团簇尺寸的变化,反映出脉冲分子束状态对反应条件及激光烧蚀等离子体状态的影响.在激光烧蚀发生于脉冲分子束的前段,主要反应产物为Al (CH3OH)n,但团簇尺寸较小;在烧蚀发生于脉冲分子束的中段,主要产物为H (CH3OH)n,团簇尺寸增大,强度减弱;在烧蚀发生于脉冲分子束的后段,观测到尺寸更大的水合质子化团簇H (H2O)m(CH3OH)n.结合团簇离子速度分布的特征,对团簇的产生机理进行了讨论.     

用密度泛函方法研究质子化苯基丙酮-水团簇

应用密度泛函B3LYP/631+G(d,p)计算方法,对质子化苯基丙酮水团簇这个弱相互作用体系进行了全自由度能量梯度优化,得到该系列团簇的稳定结构.结果表明,H+C8H8OH2O团簇的形成过程为一无能垒的反应过程,在质子与C8H8O分子中O原子的距离为1.015时达到平衡几何.对H+C8H8O(H2O)n(n=1,2,3)团簇,质子位于C8H8O分子和水分子之间,且随着团簇尺寸的增加,质子与C8H8O分子中O原子之间的距离也增加;C8H8OH+H2O可以视为溶剂壳.而对H+C8H8O(H2O)n(n=4,5,6,7,8)团簇,质子位于两个水分子之间,形成H5O2+结构,即C8H8OH5O2+为该系列团簇的中心结构,新增加的水分子以从不同方向进攻这个中心的方式形成更大尺寸的团簇.     

355 nm激光作用下质子化丙酮-水团簇的多光子电离质谱

为研究由氢键形成的超分子体系内的质子化构型,利用355 nm多光子电离(MPI)技术结合飞行时间质谱（TOF-MS）得到丙酮和水的系列团簇质谱.实验观察到的主要产物是质子化的丙酮水团簇.其团簇构型归纳为(CH3COCH3)n(H2O)n－2H+,(CH3COCH3)n(H2O)n－1H+和(CH3COCH3)n(H2O)nH+.利用Gaussian 98程序优化了团簇的离子态构型,通过频率验证了构型的稳定性,并给出了相关能量和零点修正能.     

激光溅射Cu等离子体与气相CH3CN团簇的反应

用激光溅射 -分子束技术研究了Cu等离子体与乙腈团簇的气相反应 .观察到Cu+ (CH3 CN) n、CH2 CN+ (CH3 CN) n、H+ (CH3 CN) n 和CH3 CHCN+ (CH3 CN) n 四个种类的团簇离子 .考察了等离子体作用于脉冲分子束的不同位置 ,对团簇产物的种类和尺寸大小的影响 .实验结果表明 ,Cu+ (CH3 CN) n 是由Cu+ 与乙腈团簇直接缔合而成 ,CH2 CN+ (CH3 CN) n、H+ (CH3 CN) n 主要是激光等离子体中的电子与乙腈团簇碰撞电离产生的 ,而CH3 CHCN+ (CH3 CN) n 是由乙腈团簇离子内的离子 分子反应生成的 .     

甲醇－乙醚团簇的多光子电离和从头算

在355 nm波长下用激光电离飞行时间质谱装置研究了氢键团簇甲醇/乙醚混合团簇的多光子电离,飞行时间质谱仪观测到一系列质子化团簇,为了探讨质子化团簇的形成机理,在B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)基组水平上计算了CH30H-(C2H5)2O离子和中性团簇的稳定几何结构和解离通道和解离能,发现存在一个质子转移过程,解离产物主要为CH3O和[(C2H5)2O]H .     

杂质对硬球系统团簇成核临界条件的影响

通过CS状态方程及熵极大原理在多元胶体系统研究了杂质对硬球系统团簇成核临界条件的影响. 极少量元素或杂质的小胶球对系统成核的临界条件的影响也是不可忽略的: 成核的临界体积分量显著地降低;此外,研究还发现杂质对成核的临界尺寸影响较少.     

A simple model for latent track formation due to cluster ion stopping and fragmentation in solids

An estimate of the electronic stopping of a swift cluster ion during different stages of penetration in a given material is presented. We take a simplified approach to the stopping process by neglecting vicinage effects on the stopping cross section as well as spatial distortion due to Coulomb forces among ions. The different stages of penetration and energy loss are based on the hypothesis of formation of a transient plasma (the plasma stopping regime)—due to the release of energetic electrons from the target material—within and around the spatial region defined by the correlated positions of each cluster constituent ion (atom). The density of the transient plasma is treated as a function of the rate of energy deposition and depth up to a point where the rate of energy deposition yields a threshold value where the ejected target electrons immediately recombine so that stopping in a cold target begins (conventional stopping regime) and where the cluster constituent ions start being neutralized according to a charge equilibration scheme as depicted by the effective charge relation of Betz. The model is applied to the stopping of 40.2 Mev C₆₀³⁺ projectiles penetrating an Yttrium–Iron Garnet (YIG) target. Also, in this case, a possible explanation for the experimentally observed cluster-fragmentation events at a certain depth is presented.     

Electronic and Resonance Raman Spectra of the Hexanuclear Cluster [Ru30(02CCH3)6 {(pyrazine)Ru(NH3)5}3 6+

Abstract

The trinuclear [Ru³0(00CCH³)⁶, (pyrazine)³] cluster reacts with pentaammineruthenium(II) ions, yielding a hexanuclear pyrazine bridged complex. The hexanuclear cluster exhibits a broad absorption band around 1000 nm and a strong band at 533 nm, ascribed to metal-metal and metal-pyrazine charge transfer transitions, respectively. Excitation at the visible band leads to the enhancement of the totally symmetric vibrational modes of pyrazine at 1605, 1230, 1085 and 700 cm?¹, and of a vibrational peak at 335 cm?¹, ascribed to the Ru(peripheral)-N(pyrazine) stretching mode. The spectroscopic data are consistent with a weak coupling between the central and peripheral ruthenium ions.     

Hn^＋（n≤7）团簇）在Au—Si面垒探测器死层中的能损

利用Ａｕ－Ｓｉ面垒探测器是灵敏区前的死层作为靶物质,研究了Ｈｎ＾＋（ｎ≤７,２５０ｋｅＶ／ｐ－４５０ｋｅＶ／ｐ）团簇的其中的能损,得到能损比Ｒｎ〉１,且随团簇大小ｎ和平均每核子能量增加而增大。     

碱金属原子团簇的电子能谱与吸收光谱

苟清泉在前文中［１］，从理论上阐明金属原子团簇的公有化电子能谱具有分裂能级的特点，因而具有吸光的特性，并计算了Ｃｕ与Ａｌ的金属原子团簇的吸收光谱。现进一步用此理论计算碱金属团簇的电子能谱与吸收光谱。     

Molecular secondary ion formation under cluster bombardment: A fundamental review

A brief review is given regarding the application of cluster ion beams as desorption probes in molecular SIMS. The general observation is that the efficiency of secondary ion formation, particularly that of complex molecular species, is significantly enhanced if polyatomic projectiles are employed instead of atomic species. Apart from the sensitivity increase, cluster bombardment also appears to allow for molecular depth profiling studies without the accompanying damage accumulation normally associated with atomic projectiles. A few fundamental aspects are addressed in an attempt to highlight the physics behind these observations. It appears that much of the benefit associated with cluster bombardment is connected to the fact that these projectiles give access to very high sputter yields which are not accessible with atomic primary ions.     

Modelling of a displacive transformation in two-dimensional system within four-body approximation of Continuous Displacement Cluster Variation Method

Following our previous study on distorted to non-distorted displacive phase transformation in the two-dimensional square lattice based on the continuous displacement cluster variation method (CDCVM) within the Bragg–Williams (BW) approximation, we performed a higher order approximation, four-body approximation, in the entropy term and compared the results obtained by the two approximations. The transformation temperature decreases with the higher order approximation, which shares the common feature with conventional CVM studies on replacive transformations. The present study predicts the first-order transformation, which is markedly different from the previous study based on the BW approximation. Furthermore, by employing the four-body approximation, we are able to reproduce the o-type distribution of displaced atoms around a Bravais lattice point by changing the atomic interaction energy, which was by no means possible by the BW approximation.     

荧光光谱法快速鉴别花生油、芝麻油和调和油

比较分析了不同品种、同品种不同厂家、不同批次的市售花生油、芝麻油、调和油的分子荧光光谱差异特征,结合系统聚类分析法进行品种鉴别。结果表明:3种食用植物油的荧光光谱图具有各自不同特征,同一品种不同厂家的谱图存在一定的差异,同品种同厂家不同批次的也有微小差异。提取荧光谱图特征信息,利用系统聚类和三维聚类识别模式,从宏观上简便、直观、快速地鉴别3种食用植物油的品种。     

过渡金属原子团簇的电子能谱与吸收光谱

文献〔１〕从理论上阐明了金属原子团簇的公有化电子能谱具有分裂能级的特点，因而其公有化电子具有吸光的特性，并计算了Ｃｕ与Ａｌ的金属原子团簇的吸收光谱。然后，在文献〔２〕中用此理论计算了碱金属原子团簇的电子能谱与吸收光谱。现进一步推广此理论来计算过渡金属原子团簇的电子能谱与吸收光谱。     

Lattice animals: Supplementation of perimeter polynomial data by graph-theoretic methods

Application of graph-theoretic methods to new perimeter polynomials for connected clusters on a lattice yields extra data on the total number of clusters and for the coefficients in the series expansion for the mean size of clusters at low densities. The lattices studied are the square, the square with next nearest neighbors, the triangular, and the simple cubic.