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XianTong Yan YuanKai Jin XueMei Chen Chao Zhang ChongLei Hao ZuanKai Wang 《中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)》2020,(2):32-46
Learning from nature has traditionally and continuously provided important insights to drive a paradigm shift in technology.In particular,recent studies show that many biological organisms exhibit spectacular surface topography such as shape,size,spatial organization,periodicity,interconnectivity,and hierarchy to endow them with the capability to adapt dynamically and responsively to a wide range of environments.More excitingly,in a broader perspective,these normally neglected topological features have the potential to fundamentally change the way of how engineering surface works,such as how fluid flows,how heat is transported,and how energy is generated,saved,and converted,to name a few.Thus,the design of nature-inspired surface topography for unique functions will spur new thinking and provide paradigm shift in the development of the new engineering surfaces.In this review,we first present a brief introduction to some insights extracted from nature.Then,we highlight recent progress in designing new surface topographies and demonstrate their applications in emerging areas including thermal-fluid transport,anti-icing,water harvesting,power generation,adhesive control,and soft robotics.Finally,we offer our perspectives on this emerging field,with the aim to stimulate new thinking on the development of next-generation of new materials and devices,and dramatically extend the boundaries of traditional engineering. 相似文献
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重金属是危害森林生态健康主要污染物之一.采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,首次比较了亚热带人工林和自然林土壤中13种重金属元素(Fe,Al,Ti,Cr,Cu,Mn,V,Zn,Ni,Co,Pb,Se,Cd)的含量.结果表明自然林土壤中Fe,Al,Ti,Cu,Mn,V,Zn,Ni,Co,Pb,Se,Cd... 相似文献
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制备了La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒和纳米金,分别用La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒替代部分的纳米金,研究了La-Au,Ce-Au,Nd-Au,Sm-Au,Eu-Au,Gd-Au,Dy-Au微粒分别对银染效果的影响及其紫外可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱。与纳米金相比,La-Au,Ce-Au,Nd-Au,Sm-Au,Eu-Au,Gd-Au,Dy-Au微粒可延长银染后的斑点持续的时间,其中Nd-Au微粒的效果最好,斑点持续的时间为30 min,是纳米金的2.7倍;可大幅度加深斑点的颜色,其中Nd-Au,Sm-Au微粒的效果最好,用Nd微粒替代部分的纳米金,纳米金用量降低了80%,但还能提高银染法的灵敏度。在200~800 nm范围,La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒和纳米金溶液的UV-Vis吸收光谱只有一个吸收峰,λmax分别为275,277,276,276,278,277,278和521 nm;La-Au,Ce-Au,Nd-Au,Sm-Au,Eu-Au,Gd-Au,Dy-Au微粒混合液的UV-Vis吸收光谱有两个吸收峰,λmax(RE)和λmax(Au)分别为276和522 nm,276和522 nm,276和523 nm,276和523 nm,276和522 nm,276和522 nm,276和523 nm,纳米金和La微粒的吸收峰的波长发生了红移,Ce,Eu,Gd,Dy微粒的吸收峰的波长发生了蓝移,Nd,Sm微粒的吸收峰的波长不变,纳米金与稀土微粒可能有相互作用。 相似文献
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Free及与其相反的词如forced,confined,constrained,coercive,binding,bonding,bound,等等,都出现在物理学概念中。自由不过是骨感的想象,束缚才是丰满的现实。 相似文献