BESⅢ实验首次观测到Y(4260)→γX(3872)辐射跃迁

<正>随着我国北京正负电子对撞机(BEPCII)上的北京谱仪(BESIII)实验和日本高能加速器研究机构(KEK)的Belle实验发现带电奇特强子态ZC(3900)[1],研究奇特态粒子成为粒子物理学研究领域中当前最热门的课题之一。究竟什么是奇特态粒子呢?这还得追溯到基本粒子的结构。     

新一代北京谱仪的设计与建造

 北京谱仪（BESIII）作为北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程的一个重要组成部分，是北京正负电子对撞机的“眼睛”，它通过测量正负电子对撞产生的次级粒子来研究物质的基本组成及其性质。本文介绍我们自行设计与建造的BESIII探测器的设计与研制情况。     

北京谱仪(BESIII)获得首批重要物理成果

2010年2月3日,北京谱仪（BESIII）国际合作组发言人王贻芳对外宣布,利用重大改造后的北京正负电子对撞机（BEPCII）上产生的1亿ψ′事例,BESIII合作组获得了首批重要物理成果,三篇文章已分别投稿至本领域一流期刊Chinese Physics C, Physical Review Letters 和 Physical Review D。     

正反重强子对构成的强子分子态能谱（英文）

近二十年来,世界上众多高能物理实验发现了大量超出传统夸克模型的共振结构。为了理解这些性质奇特的共振结构,科学家们提出了很多方法和模型。其中,因为实验上发现的这些奇特态大多处在一对强子阈值附近,强子分子态的观点得到了很多关注。本文我们将以粲–反粲强子对为例来探究哪些系统可以形成分子态,进而给出粲–反粲强子分子态的能谱。我们考虑了所有由S波粲介子、粲重子以及窄的P波粲介子构成的粲–反粲强子对。我们假定它们之间的相互作用由介子交换主导,在最低阶近似下可简化为常数。通过求解常数相互作用的Bethe–Salpeter方程,我们可以找到振幅的极点进而确定该系统分子态的质量。最终我们发现,那些通过轻矢量介子交换在阈值附近产生吸引力的系统,会存在一个靠近阈值的极点。不同的系统,由于其相互作用强度不同,极点可能会处于能量复平面的第一黎曼面或者第二黎曼面,分别对应于束缚态或者虚态。我们总共发现了229个强子分子态。很多实验上发现的那些位于粲–反粲强子对阈值附近的共振结构可以很好地与我们的结果吻合。另外,我们需要强调所预言的一个ΛcˉΛc分子态,这个态可以很好地解释北京正负电子谱仪(BESIII)上测量的数据。     

正反重强子对构成的强子分子态能谱

近二十年来,世界上众多高能物理实验发现了大量超出传统夸克模型的共振结构。为了理解 这些性质奇特的共振结构,科学家们提出了很多方法和模型。其中,因为实验上发现的这些奇特态 大多处在一对强子阈值附近,强子分子态的观点得到了很多关注。本文我们将以粲{反粲强子对为例 来探究哪些系统可以形成分子态,进而给出粲{反粲强子分子态的能谱。我们考虑了所有由 S 波粲 介子、粲重子以及窄的 P 波粲介子构成的粲{反粲强子对。我们假定它们之间的相互作用由介子交 换主导,在最低阶近似下可简化为常数。通过求解常数相互作用的 Bethe---Salpeter 方程,我们可以 找到振幅的极点进而确定该系统分子态的质量。最终我们发现,那些通过轻矢量介子交换在阈值附 近产生吸引力的系统,会存在一个靠近阈值的极点。不同的系统,由于其相互作用强度不同,极点 可能会处于能量复平面的第一黎曼面或者第二黎曼面,分别对应于束缚态或者虚态。我们总共发现 了 229 个强子分子态。很多实验上发现的那些位于粲---反粲强子对阈值附近的共振结构可以很好地 与我们的结果吻合。另外,我们需要强调所预言的一个 ΛcΛc  分子态,这个态可以很好地解释北京正负电子谱仪 (BESIII) 上测量的数据。     

北京谱仪BESIII精确测量Y(4260)粒子

利用北京谱仪BESIII实验采集的约9 fb~(-1)数据样本,BESIII测量了e~+e~-→π~+π~- J/ψ过程的产生截面,并对在该过程中观测到的Y(4260)粒子的质量和宽度做了目前世界上最精确的测量。BESIII的测量给出Y(4260)粒子的质量在4.22 GeV/c~2左右,比之前的测量偏低;宽度约44 MeV,比之前的测量窄很多。相比之前的实验,BESIII对Y(4260)粒子参数的精确测量给解释该粒子的理论模型提供了更强的约束。另外,BESIII实验在4.32 GeV/c~2附近还观测到一个新粒子信号,信号显著性为7.6σ。新粒子的质量和宽度和之前观测到的Y(4360)粒子的质量和宽度在误差范围内吻合,有可能是同一个粒子。     

在BEPC/BES上寻找同位旋标量1－+奇特态

在单态和多态耦合两种情况下,讨论了在BEPC/BES(北京正负电子对撞机/北京谱仪)上,通过J/ψ衰变过程J/ψ→V+X,X→a₂+π寻找同位旋标量1^－+奇特态的可能性.结果表明,对于J/ψ的辐射衰变过程和强子衰变过程,这种可能性都是存在的.     

最优化的北京谱仪取数时间

就北京正负电子对撞机一定运行状态下,北京谱仪如何确定每次注入束流的最佳取数时间建立了一个通用的数学模型.将这个模型应用于目前正在进行的ψ′数据采集,给出了最优化的北京谱仪取数时间,使得在同样的运行条件下,可以尽可能多地采集到对物理有意义的数据.此工作的分析可以推广到其他的高能物理实验.     

Skyrme模型中的质子-反质子束缚态

BES(北京谱仪)发现了奇特粒子态X(1835). 述评近年来把X(1835)解释为Skyrme模型中的NN-重子偶素的工作. 有2个证据支持这种解释: 1) 存在NN-经典Skyrmion解,其结合能为～10MeV; 2) 这种Skyrmion-重子偶素的衰变是由X(1835)中的p-p经由量子隧穿而湮没所引起的, 因此最可几的衰变道是X(1835)→η4π 或 X→η' 2π. 这些导致了对BES实验数据的合理解释, 特别是关于X(1835)最可几的衰变模式的预言. 该预言对实验有价值.     

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程（BEPCII）的建设目标是对北京正负电子对撞机（BEPC）和北京谱仪（BES）进行重大改造。BEPCII要在BEPC已有隧道内建设国际先进的双环对撞机,采用多束团、水平大交叉角对撞方式,大幅度提高对撞亮度,并建造新的北京谱仪BESIII,适应BEPCII高计数率运行的要求,并大幅度提高测量精度和粒子识别能力,以满足在粲能区进行精确测量,     

Study of the XYZ states at the BESIII

With its unique data samples at energies of 3.8–4.6 GeV, the BESIII experiment made a significant contribution to the study of charmonium and charmonium-like states, i.e., the XYZ states.We review the results for observations of the Z_c(3900) and Z_c(4020) states, the X(3872) in e⁺e⁻ annihilation, and charmonium ψ(1³D₂) state, as well as measurements of the cross-sections of ωχ_cJ and ηJ/ψ, and the search for e⁺e⁻→ γχ_cJ and γY (4140). We also present data from BESIII that may further strengthen the study of the XYZ and conventional charmonium states, and discuss perspectives on future experiments.     

Dynamical study of the possible molecular state X(3872) with the s-channel one gluon exchange interaction

The recently observed X(3872) resonance, which is difficult to assign a conventional c charmonium state in the quark model, may be interpreted as a molecular state. Such a molecular state is a hidden flavor four quark state because of its charmonium-like quantum numbers. The s-channel one gluon exchange is an interaction which only acts in the hidden flavor multi-quark system. In this paper, we will study the X(3872) and other similiar hidden flavor molecular states in a quark model by taking into account the s-channel one gluon exchange interaction.     

Hadron spectroscopy from B-factories

We review the recent experimental results on hadron spectroscopy from B-factories focusing on the exotic charmonium-like states. Among them we discuss the X(3872), Y(3940), Z(4430)+, Z(4050)+, Z(4250)+ and Y(4140) states found in B-meson decays, the X(3940) and X(4160) states produced in double charmonium production, the Y(4260), Y(4325), Y(4660) and X(4630) states produced with initial-state radiation in e+e-annihilation and the X(3915), Y(4350) states observed in two-photon collisions.     

The quintessential exotic X(3872)

The experimental evidence for the exotic meson, X(3872), is summarized and the various proposed theoretical models for it are reviewed. It is pointed out that several important experimental measurements have marginal statistical significance and disagreements between different sources. Until these problems are resolved, the understanding of the structure of X(3872) is likely to remain controversial.     

Analysis of the charmonium-like states X~*(3860), X(3872), X(3915),X(3930) and X(3940) according to their strong decay behaviors

Inspired by the newly observed state X~*(3860), we analyze the strong decay behaviors of some charmoniumlike states, X~*(3860), X(3872), X(3915), X(3930) and X(3940), with the ~3P_0 model. We carry out our work based on the hypothesis that all of these states are charmonium systems. Our analysis indicates that, as a 0~(++) charmonium state, X~*(3860) can reproduce the experimental data. As for X(3872), it can tentatively be interpreted as the mixture0 of a cc system and a D~*D~0 molecular state. If we consider X(3940) as a 3~1 S_0 state, its total width in the present work is much lower than the experimental result. Thus, the 3~1 S_0 charmonium state seems not to be a good candidate for X(3940). Furthermore, our analysis implies that it is reasonable to assign X(3915) and X(3930) to be the same state, 2~(++). However, combining our analysis with that in Refs.[14, 71], we speculate that X(3915)/X(3930) might also be the mixture of a cc system and a molecular state.     

Measurements of the absolute branching fractions of B+/- --> K+/-X(cc)

We study the two-body decays of B+/- mesons to K+/- and a charmonium state X(cc) in a sample of 210.5 fb(-1) of data from the BABAR experiment. We perform measurements of absolute branching fractions beta(B+/- --> K+/-X(cc)) using a missing mass technique, and report several new or improved results. In particular, the upper limit beta(B+/- --> K+/- X(3872)) < 3.2 x 10(-4) at 90% C.L. and the inferred lower limit beta(X(3872)J/psipi+ pi-) > 4.2% will help in understanding the nature of the recently discovered X(3872).     

XYZ particles at Belle

In this paper, I review recent progress in the study of the XYZ particles at Belle. I only focus on studies with charmonium and one or more light mesons in the final states. This covers the X(3872), X(3915),Y(4140), X(4350), and the charged Z states.     

Fast control latency uncertainty elimination for the BESIII ETOF upgrade

A new fanning topology is proposed to precisely fan out fast control signals in the Beijing Spectrometer(BESIII) end-cap time-of-flight(ETOF) electronics. However, uncertainty in transfer latency is introduced by the new fanning channel, which will degrade the precision of fast control. In this paper, latency uncertainty elimination for the BESIII ETOF upgrade is introduced. The latency uncertainty is determined by a Time-Digital-Converter(TDC) embedded in a Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) and is eliminated by re-capturing at synchronous and determinate time. Compared with the existing method of Barrel-cap TOF(BTOF), it has advantages of flexible structure, easy calibration and good adaptability. Field tests on the BESIII ETOF system show that this method effectively eliminates transfer latency uncertainty.     

Study of the heavy molecular states in the quark model with meson exchange interaction

Some charmonium-like resonances such as X(3872) can be interpreted as possible D^(*)D^(*) molecular states. Within the quark model, we study the structure of such molecular states and the similar B^(*)D^(*) molecular states by taking into account the light meson exchange (π, η, ρ, ω and σ) between two light quarks from different mesons.