卡塞格伦光学天线收发隔离度分析与测试

根据激光通信系统中捕跟和通信探测器的实际应用情况,分别使用消光比和单像元信噪比两种方案评价卡塞格伦光学天线的收发隔离能力,提出了在卡塞格伦光学天线次镜打孔和增加光陷阱的方式抑制后向散射的方法.推导得出当卡塞格伦光学天线次镜开孔的孔径比为0.1~0.3时不影响发射效率,测试结果表明:改进后的卡塞格伦光学天线收发隔离度优于-40dB,并满足激光通信系统光学天线捕跟和通信的使用要求.     

小型光学天线系统光传输特性测试平台研究

利用牛顿反射式光学天线对接系统构建了光传输测试平台,重点研究了高精度准直,牛顿反射式光学天线及其光传输特性等主要内容;得到了激光632.8 nm波长的天线效率、天线耦合效率和光纤耦合岀射三维光斑测试结果与仿真验证.为实际研究大气激光通信系统中光学天线光传输特性提供了实验依据.     

连续相位变化毫米波衍射天线

基于菲涅尔原理及卡塞格伦天线设计方法,设计了一种口面直径为200 mm的卡赛格伦菲涅耳相位修正平面天线。天线采用连续相位修正方式,由一组同心菲涅耳相位修正圆环组成,与传统卡赛格伦抛物面天线相比,该天线具有平面化结构,大大减小了天线自身重量,天线辐射性能较离散相位衍射天线有大幅度提高。在95 GHz频率下,采用物理光学法进行仿真计算,并采用近场扫描系统进行了天线性能测试,天线3 dB波束宽度分别为0.95及1.05,天线实测增益为44.1 dB,天线口面效率为65%。     

室内可见光通信系统中菲涅尔透镜接收天线的设计研究

针对基于白光LED室内可见光无线光通信技术的应用需求, 设计了等齿距平面菲涅尔透镜. 相比常规透镜光接收天线, 菲涅尔透镜具有聚焦能力强、焦距短、透镜厚度薄、重量轻、成本低等优点. 利用Trace pro软件对设计进行了模拟仿真, 分析了透镜不同设计参数对接收天线光学增益、光学效率及光斑尺寸的影响, 讨论了透镜在平行光斜入射时的会聚情况. 结果表明, 平面点聚焦菲涅尔透镜的光学效率可达92.1%, 适用于小视场、高增益接收光学系统前端.     

卡塞格伦光学天线杂散光分析与测试

从能量传递及光学天线出瞳允许的杂散光亮度出发,推导得出了杂散光控制指标要求.提出两种消除一次杂光方案.方案一是在主、次镜上设置遮光罩,方案二是设置主镜遮光罩并在出瞳附近设置利奥光阑.理论分析表明方案一因设置次镜遮光罩而增加遮拦比,方案二因在出瞳附近设置利奥光阑而产生渐晕,由于光学天线对发射/接收效率指标要求很高,因此在设计时需兼顾能量.针对某卡塞格伦光学天线仿真分析了两种方案的接收/发射效率和杂散光抑制效果,发现方案二的发射效率和杂散光抑制能力优于方案一,只是边视场的接收效率略低.最终选用方案二作为原理样机的杂散光抑制方案,对其进行杂散光测试,测试结果为:视场外1°~20°系统实测消光比小于-40dB,满足杂散光指标要求.     

激光雷达偏振成像遥感的望远镜系统偏振分析

激光雷达偏振成像主要是利用不同目标散射光偏振度的差异来实现对目标成像的。由于大部分光学系统都存在消偏振效应,因此系统自身的消偏振问题在成像过程中必须考虑。根据近轴理论和消像差的要求设计出卡塞格伦望远镜的几何结构,应用琼斯理论、光波的相干矩阵和菲涅耳反射理论对空气和卡塞格伦望远镜的交界面进行了消偏振分析,并使用Matlab软件仿真了卡塞格伦望远镜在镀金属反射膜前后,反射光偏振度在望远镜径向直径上各点的变化曲线。根据仿真结果可以看出偏振成像系统中使用的卡塞格伦望远镜在镀铝金属反射膜时其消偏振效应在成像过程中可以忽略。     

光栅型光谱波分复用可见光通信光学天线

针对多光谱通信的需求,设计了一种光栅型光谱波分复用可见光通信光学天线。相比同类多光谱通信光学系统,该光学天线具有信道数多、增益大、效率高等优点。经过理论分析,提出了采用双柱面镜结合反射式光栅的天线结构,在光谱维保持较高的光谱分辨率,增加信道数,提高系统的通信速率;同时缩小光斑空间维的大小,提高系统的增益。仿真分析表明,该光学天线可以同时高效地对8个不同的单光谱信号进行探测接收,视场角高达18°×0.4°,增益为12.6,信噪比高达48.28 d B,天线尺寸为9 cm×12 cm。最后,根据设计仿真制作了原理样机,实验结果显示该光学天线可以清晰地分开多光谱信号并实现探测接收,信号间没有产生串扰,信噪比较高,适用于多光谱波分复用通信系统。     

基于室内可见光通信技术的新型两级光学接收天线设计与分析

针对室内可见光通信系统的应用需求,设计了一种新型两级光学接收天线.根据复合抛物面聚光器光学增益随视场增大而减小的聚光特性,将复合抛物面聚光器截面基准曲线旋转设计得到具有一定旋转角与厚度的透镜壁复合抛物面聚光器.进一步结合透镜壁复合抛物面聚光器和半球透镜的优势设计了一种新型两级光学接收天线,在增益保持的情况下视场角增大了近20~?.在一个5 m×5 m×3 m的空旷房间,通过Trace Pro建立光学天线的分析模型,Matlab软件对室内可见光通信系统进行信道建模.计算结果表明,采用这种新型两级光学接收天线,与直接接收的情况相比,平均接收功率增幅为757.2%,是复合抛物面聚光器的5.62倍;信噪比平均值增幅为28.07%,是复合抛物面聚光器的1.67倍;光学增益为11.49,是复合抛物面聚光器的2.81倍.且光斑半径仅为2.5 mm,较复合抛物面聚光器减小了近37.5%,使得能量集中均匀分布,进一步证实该新型两级光学接收天线适用于室内可见光通信系统.     

基于EKF的水下LD通信精对准控制算法

高速激光通信中接收机与光斑中心很难处于精对准状态,导致水下光通信链路难以稳定建立.首先采用蒙特卡洛仿真统计法分析激光光子在海水中传输的接收光强分布规律,再通过实验对接收端的光斑图像进行采样分析,利用曲线拟合得到接收器位置与接收光强的关系.仿真与实验结果表明:光束经过25 m的水下传输,接收光强分布仍近似为高斯分布.采用非线性估计算法(扩展卡尔曼滤波)与基本状态控制反馈理论,根据接收光强度估计接收器当前位置与最大光强处的距离,通过反馈算法实现接收端与光斑中心的主动跟踪对准.算法仿真结果显示,接收端对准误差在2 mm以下,稳定后接收效率超过98%.     

基于双远心镜头的空间分辨PDV探头研制

为了在材料动力学实验和结构响应研究中实现对平面靶约5 mm范围内多点速度的同时测量,基于光纤密排阵列和双远心镜头研制了一种与光子多普勒测速仪配套使用的具备空间分辨能力的激光发射接收探头。介绍了探头的光学设计和结构设计,并进行了装调和测试。输出光斑特性测试结果表明,探头垂轴放大率与设计值吻合,聚焦位置处最小光斑直径为109μm,最大为202μm。探头对漫反射靶的接收效率测试结果表明,探头中各光纤互不串扰,靠近中心的光纤的接收效率较大,而两侧的偏小。     

Theoretical analysis and test for off-axis Cassegrain optical antenna

By detailed analysis of Cassegrain optical antenna with inclined optical axis, the receiving antenna power and the curve of power attenuation are obtained for different deflection angles. Three-dimensional images which describe the power distribution of the receive laser beam have been obtained. The coupling efficiency of antenna system is obtained from specific experiment. If the deflection angle is less than 0.1519 rad, the coupling efficiency is beyond 80%. In this case, the optical antenna system can be viewed as in alignment approximately. This research will provide a theoretical base and broad application for achieving precise alignment of optical axis in the field of optical communications and three-dimensional laser radar images.     

Analysis of space off-axis and performance of Cassegrain optical antenna system

The research of optical antenna is of greatest importance in the field of modern optical communication. For optical antenna, alignment of optical system is a significant factor, which influences the transmission quality of optical antenna system. Antenna off-axis is one of the important factors influencing the transmission quality of optical antenna system. In this paper, we analyze and numerically simulate how power attenuation ratio and gain of Cassegrain antenna vary with the antenna deflection angle and the distance that the central axis of receiving antenna deviates from z-axis, when space off-axis happens to the system. Finally, the coupling efficiency of Cassegrain antenna is tested experimentally, and the results show that the coupling efficiency of the Cassegrain antenna dramatically reduces in the case of off-axis. These studies provide a theoretical basis for optical antenna system to achieve accurate alignment in optical communication.     

The impact of the off-axis for the spatial light to multimode fiber coupling system

The electric field distribution of Gaussian beam and properties of Cassegrain optical antenna are discussed and their images have been simulated. By analysis of Cassegrain optical antenna with collimation and off-axis circumstance, laser power distribution and the curve of coupling efficiency are obtained. The question of spatial light to multimode fiber coupling efficiency with alignment and off-axis are researched. At last, taking into account off-axis situation of Cassegrain and laser beam to multimode fiber, the coupling efficiency of the whole system is discussed. These researches are necessary and useful for increasing spatial light to multimode fiber coupling efficiency.     

Design of optical coupling systems between two-dimensional quasi-stadium laser diodes and single-mode optical fibers

Optical coupling systems between a two-dimensional quasi-stadium laser diode and single-mode optical fibers using gradient-index rod lenses are designed for both stable and unstable laser resonators for the first time. A novel numerical approach using a combination of the extended Fox-Li calculation method and Gaussian beam transformations is proposed. In the case of a stable laser resonator, two kinds of beam propagation modes appear, namely the axis mode, in which an optical beam propagates along the cavity axis, and the ring mode, in which optical beams propagate along the diamond-shaped trajectory. The coupling efficiencies are found to be 54% for the axis mode and 52% for the ring mode. In contrast, an unstable laser resonator exhibits complicated modes, in which several highly directional beams are emitted from the end mirrors. The total coupling efficiency for these output beams is calculated to be 9.6%. The 3-dB tolerances for the lens pitch and alignment angles of the gradient-index rod lenses are also discussed.     

天文光学望远镜的调校与检测

本文扼要叙述了天文光学望远镜的通用调校步骤与方法，适用于诸如卡氏（Ｃａｓｓｅｇｒａｉｎ）、葛氏（Ｇｒｅｇｏｒｙ）、奈氏（Ｎａｓｍｙｔｈ）、折轴（Ｃｏｕｄé）、施密特（Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ）、牛顿（Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ）望远镜、…等的光学元件及系统的调校。对极轴的高度与方位的调整，也给以简要介绍。本文还概述了对成像质量的检测。文中以通光口径２．１６ｍ天文望远镜为例，给出了光路调整图。     

非视线散射大气光通信的光学天线

由于大气衰减的影响,非视线散射大气光通信需要使用光学天线以提高对光信号的采集能力,进而增加通信距离。针对非视线大气光通信的需求,利用ZEMAX软件对半球透镜、复合抛物面聚光器（CPC）和卡塞格伦望远镜等光学天线进行了性能分析。分析表明：半球透镜和CPC视场较大,增益值高。利用蒙特卡罗法模拟计算了一定条件下,非视线散射光通信在有无半球透镜或CPC作光学天线时到达探测元件的能量随通信距离的变化。结果表明：CPC聚光能力更强,适合作为非视线散射光通信的光学天线。     

A simple method for calculating coupling efficiency in optical interconnection system involving various misalignment parameters

A simple method is presented to approximate the coupling efficiency in optical interconnection systems, which are affected by alignment parameters of various optical elements. The method considers geometric effects of alignment parameters, not considering the material-dependent losses which are insensitive to the misalignment parameters. To indicate the independent contribution of a given alignment parameter, we define a partial coupling efficiency (PCE) that reflects the effect of only one parameter on a local coupling efficiency at an optical element. The total coupling efficiency (TCE) in the whole system is approximated by multiplications of the PCEs calculated for each parameter and normalization factors. For an interconnection scheme using a 45°-ended waveguide, we demonstrate by considering many misalignment parameters simultaneously that our approximation is well matched to the results of the simulated TCE.     

卡塞格林望远镜耦合系统锥形导管的仿真与误差分析

为了提高卡塞格林望远镜像斑耦合多模光纤的效率,采用一种在光纤前端放置锥形导管的方法,利用光线在锥形导管中经过多次内全反射耦合进多模光纤中,通过几何光学理论及数值方法分析卡塞格林零视场光束像点的最大耦合角,确定锥形导管初始结构参数。将此参数作为Zemax仿真的初始条件,进行优化仿真计算和误差分析。结果表明:加工误差控制在0.03 mm之内,采用锥形导管后可以使像斑整体耦合效率较直接耦合提高4倍以上。     

外场多光轴平行性测试的光学系统设计

针对外场条件下因大气环境影响导致多光轴平行性误差的问题,设计了一种可见光、1.06μm激光及812μm的长波红外多光轴平行性测试的光学系统,系统采用卡塞格林系统为共光路并以可见光为基准光轴.卡塞格林系统的主次镜均采用双曲面校正球差及慧差,添加校正透镜减小了轴外像差.设计结果表明,该光学系统成像质量达到了衍射极限,在大气...