基于智能手机的快速可见光室内定位系统

基于智能手机的可见光定位不仅定位精度高,还兼具了可见光通信与移动互联网的优势。由于图像处理的高计算复杂度,现有系统定位速度较低无法支持实时导航。论文提出了一种快速和高精度的可见光室内定位系统,通过设计无闪烁线路编码方案和轻量级图像处理算法降低定位时延,同时还具有抑制调制闪烁和支持多级调光的优点。市售Android智能手机完成了原型系统开发和现场测试,实验结果显示,系统平均定位精度可达到7.5 cm,定位时间可低至22.7 ms(单灯)和35.7 ms(双灯),可支持移动速度高达18 km/h的实时室内导航。     

基于双目视觉的室内定位标定新方法

随着全球导航卫星系统的发展,位置服务日渐成为人们生活工作之中必不可少的一部分,越来越多的人习惯使用定位技术。随着室内导航应用需求的不断增加,基于多目视觉原理的室内定位导航技术已经成为目前很多技术领域的研究热点,并日趋成熟。在室内导航定位前,相机的标定过程是重中之重,标定精度对最终定位精度有着决定性作用。然而,当有气液界面存在时,由于视线在传播过程中发生折射,现有的线性标定技术不再适用,并成为制约室内特殊场景定位(如水下机器人作业)的主要技术障碍。针对有气液界面的条件提出了一种新的标定方法,对界面位置进行精确定位,并修正了线性针孔模型,能够有效解决有气液界面存在条件下不能准确标定的难题,克服了封闭体内测量时无法进行现场标定的困难。为验证标定方法的可行性与可靠性,进行了数值模拟,模拟结果显示,此方法误差较小,满足室内定位中的标定精度要求。     

通道中行人-机动车相互作用机理的建模和模拟

本文研究了通道中行人与车辆同向或反向运动时的人车相互作用.车辆运动的描述采用细化的确定性元胞自动机模型,而行人流则采用考虑背景场的格子气模型.车辆及其影响区被视为一种可移动的障碍物,形成动态变化的背景场,可以更好地反映人车之间的相互作用.通过数值模拟得到典型参数下的行人流基本图以及平均车速随行人密度的变化曲线.人车反向时行人流基本图中存在两个临界密度,其间的行人流量-密度曲线呈线性分布,曲线斜率k主要依赖于车辆宽度和行人预判时间,而平均车速近似为k,即反向车辆形成的移动瓶颈和行人拥堵向上游传播的速度是一致的.文中进一步考察了行人预判时间、车辆宽度及限速对人车混合交通流的影响.人车同向时,这三个参数的影响都不明显.人车反向时,当车辆宽度较小,即使在很高密度下,车辆仍可以前行,而更大的行人预判时间也有助于车辆的运动.     

基于SVR和粒子滤波的室内导航方法

针对室内环境复杂性造成的室内定位精度不足问题,提出一种基于支持向量机回归和粒子滤波的室内导航方法;离线阶段通过采集室内接收信号强度并利用统计学习方法,构建室内RSS与物理位置之间的支持向量回归映射模型,定位阶段使用智能移动设备采集加速度、方向角等运动状态信息和Wifi模块感知的环境信息,并利用粒子滤波将运动数据和回归结果进行融合处理,推算移动用户运动轨迹;室内实验结果表明,本方法最大定位误差为1.891 m,平均误差为0.669 m,有效地提高了室内定位导航精度。     

无人机侦察多目标实时定位技术研究

目标定位是无人机侦察系统中至关重要一步。为增强无人机侦察目标定位的实时性、提高定位精度及侦察效率,提出一种多目标实时定位的方法,建立主次目标定位几何关系及坐标转换模型,结合已知数据信息求取各目标大地坐标,并用蒙特卡洛法分析目标定位误差。最后,基于即将组网成功"北斗二代"卫星导航系统对无人机空中定位,同时采用递归最小二乘算法滤波处理,提高了目标定位精度。研究及实验结果表明,北斗导航定位能够有效提高无人机空中定位精度,且有望达到厘米级精度,同时采用RLS滤波处理能使目标定位精度提高10 m左右。该方法能够有效增强无人机定位实时性,提高定位精度及侦察效率。     

基于低成本INS/RFID的室内定位技术

在个人导航和基于位置服务(LBS)领域,如何实现低成本、高可靠性、高精度、连续的室内定位仍是研究的热点;然而依靠单一技术的室内定位结果很难满足上述定位要求;文章用粒子滤波(PF)对INS和RFID技术进行融合;对低精度INS使用行人航迹推算算法(PDR),其中步数和步长由峰值检测和Weinberg算法分别测算;根据位置信息对RFID使用加权KNN算法;仿真结果表明:组合定位纠正了INS的累计误差和漂移,实现了自主可靠的连续定位,提高了定位精度,极大程度上优化了系统性能。     

工程装备嵌入式软件测试环境平台技术研究

在个人导航和基于位置服务（LBS）领域,如何实现成本低廉、高可靠性、高精度、连续的室内定位仍是研究的热点。然而依靠单一技术的室内定位结果很难满足上述定位要求。文章用粒子滤波（PF）对INS和RFID技术进行融合。对低精度INS使用行人航迹推算算法（PDR）,其中步数和步长由峰值检测和Weinberg算法分别测算;根据位置信息对RFID使用加权KNN算法。仿真结果表明：组合定位纠正了INS的累计误差和漂移,实现了自主可靠的连续定位,提高了定位精度,极大程度上优化了系统性能。     

基于MEMS惯性器件的行人室内定位系统

基于惯性传感器的行人航位推算系统不需要预先安装任何基础设备,能自主运行、实现实时行人定位。设计的硬件平台将低成本、低功耗、小尺寸的MEMS惯性传感器与GPS接收机相结合。在室内、城市峡谷等GPS信号不稳定的环境,惯性传感器根据前一GPS定点推算行人行走的相对位置。行人所处位置高度由气压计测量,与平面位置相结合实现三维定位。简单而有效的跨步探测及步长估计算法降低对微处理器的计算及存储要求。利用互补滤波器融合加速度计、陀螺仪、数字罗盘数据,降低方位误差、提高定位精度。室内行人行走测试实验表明:定位误差低于总行走距离的3%。验证了系统的准确性和可靠性,满足行人定位要求。     

基于Android和嵌入式的智能停车场设计

随着我国经济的快速增长,机动车的数量不断增多,由停车问题所引起的交通堵塞现象也越来越严重;为了解决这一问题,针对传统的停车场系统存在的不足,设计了一种基于Android和嵌入式的智能停车场管理系统;该系统将移动终端和智能停车场结合,使持有手机终端的用户可以搜索到附近停车场及其车位信息,同时可进行车位在线预定;在车辆进入停车场时,系统循环性地采集RFID电子标签来获得车辆信息,同时为车辆提供去车位的导航路线;经过运行及测试,该系统能够完成对车辆的智能管理,且运行稳定,可以为人们生活提供便利,具有一定的应用价值。     

医疗机器人双目视觉硬件系统设计与实现

根据双目视觉定位原理,通过分析系统各部件的工作原理和医疗机器人手术导航的实际需求,结合市场供货情况,提出了一种适用于医疗机器人手术导航定位的双目视觉硬件系统设计方法。采用该方法设计的双目视觉定位系统进行了手术导航模拟实验,结果表明：该系统可以辅助医疗机器人完成手术规划,定位精度可以达到2 mm,能够满足临床应用要求。     

Application of structured lighting sensor for online measurement

On the background of increasing request for stringent quality improvement and rising productivity, requirements for online measurement systems are growing as well. Among all the measurement tools, the vision system is considered as the most appropriate tool to provide proper accuracy, high speed, low cost, and 100% online inspection. Structure lighting sensor is the most popular method used in vision system. In this paper, the theory of vision system based on structure lighting is introduced. The measurement application to the seamless steel tube is introduced particularly. Another typical application, the online measurement on car body using structure lighting, is also illustrated.     

基于四节点RSSI的三维空间定位算法

针对提高室内三维空间的定位精度和速度的问题,从减少节点数量、建立特定坐标系的角度提出了一种基于四节点和特定坐标系的三维空间定位算法。该算法引入位置相对固定的四个节点,提高解算速度;充分考虑有效反射区对衰减指数影响,根据伯鲁斯特角将天线辐射场区分为叠加加强区和叠加减弱区,建立三维坐标系进行定位,结合信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI)衰减模型,在叠加减弱区定位,把三维空间问题转化到二维空间,降低定位算法的复杂度。文中分别阐述方法的原理与验证,结果表明,四节点定位算法的解算速度比降低复杂度(Complexity-Reduced Trilateration Approach , COLA)定位算法有较大提高,该算法平均定位误差小于2米。     

基于并行蚁群算法的长基线定位方法*

为了降低各个误差源对水声目标导航定位精度的影响,该文将水声目标导航定位问题抽象为带约束条件的非线性优化问题,并论证了最优化表达式参数求解过程与降低误差源干扰的过程具有同一性;设计了并行蚁群算法求其最优解。海试数据处理结果表明,该方法具有收敛速度快、解稳定和定位精度高等优点,能有效地降低各个误差源对水声目标导航定位精度的影响。     

Improved spring model-based collaborative indoor visible light positioning

Gaining accuracy with indoor positioning of individuals is important as many location-based services rely on the user’s current position to provide them with useful services. Many researchers have studied indoor positioning techniques based on WiFi and Bluetooth. However, they have disadvantages such as low accuracy or high cost. In this paper, we propose an indoor positioning system in which visible light radiated from light-emitting diodes is used to locate the position of receivers. Compared with existing methods using light-emitting diode light, we present a high-precision and simple implementation collaborative indoor visible light positioning system based on an improved spring model. We first estimate coordinate position information using the visible light positioning system, and then use the spring model to correct positioning errors. The system can be employed easily because it does not require additional sensors and the occlusion problem of visible light would be alleviated. We also describe simulation experiments, which confirm the feasibility of our proposed method.     

基于加权几何精度因子(WGDOP)的地基导航系统评价方法

为了评价卫星导航系统中位置估计的性能,GDOP作为一种衡量测量误差和定位误差之间几何关系的评价方法被广泛应用。由于地基导航系统各个单元的测量误差不同,且受用户距离影响不可忽略,需要对与距离有关的评价标准进行研究。因此,提出使用WGDOP代替GDOP作为评判标准,从分析地基导航系统误差方差入手,对WGDOP表达式进行详细分析,通过系统比较两种定位因子,说明采用WGDOP作为地基导航系统基站布设评价标准,准确性高。研究结果表明,采用加权几何精度因子作为评价标准,可以更适应地基导航系统的实际使用环境,对系统定位性能进行更精确的评价,对精度因子评估有明显改善。     

The principle of the positioning system based on communication satellites

It is a long dream to realize the communication and navigation functionality in a satellite system in the world. This paper introduces how to establish the system, a positioning system based on communication satellites called Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS). Instead of the typical navigation satellites, the communication satellites are configured firstly to transfer navigation signals from ground stations, and can be used to obtain service of the positioning, velocity and time, and to achieve the function of navigation and positioning. Some key technique issues should be first solved; they include the accuracy position determination and orbit prediction of the communication satellites, the measuring and calculation of transfer time of the signals, the carrier frequency drift in communication satellite signal transfer, how to improve the geometrical configuration of the constellation in the system, and the integration of navigation & communication. Several innovative methods are developed to make the new system have full functions of navigation and communication. Based on the development of crucial techniques and methods, the CAPS demonstration system has been designed and developed. Four communication satellites in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) located at 87.5°E, 110.5°E, 134°E, 142°E and barometric altimetry are used in the CAPS system. The GEO satellites located at 134°E and 142°E are decommissioned GEO (DGEO) satellites. C-band is used as the navigation band. Dual frequency at C1=4143.15 MHz and C2=3826.02 MHz as well as dual codes with standard code (CA code and precision code (P code)) are adopted. The ground segment consists of five ground stations; the master station is in Lintong, Xi’an. The ground stations take a lot of responsibilities, including monitor and management of the operation of all system components, determination of the satellite position and prediction of the satellite orbit, accomplishment of the virtual atomic clock measurement, transmission and receiving navigation signals to and from each satellite. In the north, the south, the east, the west and the center of Chinese main land, the function of CAPS demonstration system is checked and measured. In cars and on board the system is also checked and measured. The results are as follow: CA-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 15–25 m (1 σ), vertical, 1–3 m; P-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 8–10 m (1 σ), vertical, 1–3 m; velocity accuracy, CA-code, 0.13–0.30 m/s, P-code, 0.15–0.17 m/s; time accuracy, CA-code, 160 ns, P-code, 13 ns; determination accuracy of orbit ≤2 m. About 20 million US $ and two years are spent for the development of demonstration. A complete CAPS system is now being established. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10453001), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815500), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2004AA105030), and the Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Key Topics in Innovation Engineering (Grant No. KGCXI-21)