红外／雷达双传感器融合目标跟踪算法

实现雷达和红外融合跟踪的基本思路是：首先提取红外成像的目标质心并将其转换到惯性坐标系：然后用最小二乘规则对红外传感器的冗余角度数据进行压缩，以产生在时间上和雷达测量对准的伪角度测量：再通过加权平均的方法分别与雷达的方位角和俯仰角测量进行融合处理，以得到同步数据融合估计。采用了由拉格朗日算法所求得的约束极值作为权系数，使用扩展的卡尔曼滤波方法设计跟踪滤波器，将基于雷达和红外融合得到的数据用于更新滤波器的目标状态。     

基于图像融合的动态轮廓线跟踪新方法

红外与可见光传感器是目标跟踪识别系统中常用的两种传感器,对这两种传感器图像进行融合能有效提高系统跟踪检测的准确性。将动态轮廓线模型与图像融合结合,在特征搜索过程中利用特征点准确地完成了图像配准,同时使用了一种新的特征级融合方法,将两种图像中目标轮廓的B样条曲线控制点进行实时微分耦合。这种耦合将Curwen提出的微分耦合机制作了改进,利用图像配准把刚性硬模板改变为实时的变换模板并推导了融合后动态轮廓线的新的动力学方程。这种融合利用了红外图像目标轮廓信息约束可见光图像中动态轮廓线的收敛形状,有效地提高了可见光图像目标跟踪的准确性。对运动人手序列图像的对比跟踪实验表明,这种融合使得可见光图像中动态轮廓线平均跟踪误差减小了60．25％。     

红外凝视系统下的多规则航迹起始算法

针对传统航迹起始算法在红外凝视跟踪系统应用中存在的弊端,提出了一种适用于凝视跟踪系统的多规则快速航迹起始算法.该方法通过深入分析红外凝视系统中目标自身特点及其运动特性,给出了能够对低速甚至静止的大威胁概率目标和断续点迹目标进行威胁概率判断和航向方差判断的起始规则,实现了凝视系统下对大威胁概率目标和断续点迹目标航迹的快速...     

基于模糊技术的非线性系统目标跟踪融合算法

提出了一种基于模糊技术的非线性系统中多传感器目标跟踪融合算法.在基于卡尔曼滤波器的分布式融合算法中,利用模糊技术中的决策距离思想,对实时跟踪目标的多传感器进行动态分组,以获得在非线性系统中目标跟踪的最佳融合数据精度.仿真结果证明,该算法是一种有效的分布式融合算法.     

防御系统中多传感器融合跟踪的关键技术分析

多传感器融合跟踪系统作为防空武器系统的一个子系统,在作战中有着极其重要的地位。针对下一代防空武器系统的发展和需求,从现有的较为成熟的融合理论与技术出发,构造一个集红外、雷达和激光雷达等多传感器为一体的高性能融合跟踪系统模型,剖析其相关结构,并结合当前数据融合算法研究来分析融合系统中数据关联算法的选取、改进和研究方向。     

改进的对向传播网络及其在多传感器目标识别中的应用

针对多传感器数据融合和目标识别的特点,提出了改进的对向传播网络(MCPN),并与Dempster-Shafer(D-S)证据推理相结合,实现了决策层数据融合目标识别.文中利用仿真数据对所提出的网络训练算法和融合结构进行了实验研究.结果表明:改进后的对向传播网络识别性能优于传统的对向传播网络(CPN),融合后的目标识别率较单传感器明显提高.最后,将该方法应用于前视红外(FLIR)和可见光摄像机目标跟踪系统对算法和融合结构进行验证,结果表明文中提出的方法是可行的.     

基于红外/毫米波双模融合的目标识别方法

在数据融合的基础上,以红外/毫米波双模传感器的智能融合结构为模型,将模糊神经网络与D-S证据理论相结合,提出了一种新的目标识别方法.该算法根据红外/毫米波传感器的性能及工作范围,构造模糊变量作为神经网络的输入,根据神经网络的不同输出判别目标的真伪,并利用D-S证据理论进行目标身份识别.仿真结果证明了该算法的可行性.     

基于全局感知孪生网络的红外目标跟踪

目前大多数热红外(TIR)目标跟踪算法都是基于相关滤波或者使用彩色跟踪器的模型进行特征提取。然而,两者都存在适用于彩色目标跟踪却对红外目标特征不敏感的缺陷,导致无法良好地应用到红外目标跟踪。为此,提出一种基于全局感知的孪生神经网络的红外目标跟踪器。将孪生神经网络的后三层特征进行融合优化,得到新的特征,同时加入了由空间转换网络和通道注意力组成的空间感知模块,以得到全局范围内的有效信息,通过引入自注意力机制,使算法更加专注于提取目标的判别信息,最后对结果进行响应融合得到最终的响应图。在PTB-TIR红外目标跟踪评估基准上的实验结果表明,本文算法能够适应多样的红外环境,同时能够保持良好的跟踪速度(20.2 frame/s),实现对红外目标有效且稳定的实时跟踪。     

MS-KF融合算法用于锥套跟踪

针对无人机自主空中加油过程中锥套跟踪,提出一种均值漂移-卡尔曼滤波(mean shift-Kalman filter, MS-KF) 融合算法。分析了基于均值漂移算法的锥套目标模型、相似性度量、锥套目标定位的锥套定位原理;引入卡尔曼滤波器对锥套运动状态进行预测,将锥套运动信息融合到均值漂移算法中,以保证锥套跟踪算法的稳定性和鲁棒性;给出了MS-KF融合算法用于锥套识别跟踪的流程;搭建了锥套跟踪半物理实验验证系统,分别进行MS-KF融合算法用于锥套跟踪的半物理实验验证及数值仿真分析。实验结果表明:MS-KF融合算法可以对锥套精确定位跟踪,无人机3个轴向的跟踪误差保持在0.3 m的范围内,保证了无人机自主空中加油的顺利进行。     

多尺度形态算子融合图像滤波技术及滤波质量评价

针对舰载红外警戒系统的红外和电视图像,提出了一种新的海空背景下受强杂波、噪声污染的图像目标滤波算法和滤波效果的定量评价算子。算法采用多尺度的形态算子对输入的图像并行滤波,大尺度形态算子抑制图像噪声,小尺度形态算子提取目标边缘细节信息。处理后的图像进行基于树状小波帧变换的图像信息融合,融合图像可完备提取不同尺度滤波后的图像信息。针对目标检测跟踪的图像滤波算法的评价,提出了目标与背景的交叉分辨力评价算子及评价准则。仿真实验表明。该滤波算法要优于中值滤波、自适应滤波、小波变换滤波算法,滤波质量的定量评价算法是合理的、有效的。算法适用于舰载红外警戒系统。     

Infrared/laser multi-sensor fusion and tracking based on the multi-scale model

The state estimation problem of targets detected by infrared/laser composite detection system with different sampling rates was studied in this paper. An effective state estimation algorithm based on data fusion is presented. Because sampling rate of infrared detection system is much higher than that of the laser detection system, the theory of multi-scale analysis is used to establish multi-scale model in this algorithm. At the fine scale, angle information provided by infrared detection system is used to estimate the target state through the unscented Kalman filter. It makes full use of the high frequency characteristic of infrared detection system to improve target state estimation accuracy. At the coarse scale, due to the sampling ratio of infrared and laser detection systems is an integer multiple, the angle information can be fused directly with the distance information of laser detection system to determine the target location. The fused information is served as observation, while the converted measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) is used to estimate the target state, which greatly reduces the complexity of filtering process and gets the optimal fusion estimation. The simulation results of tracking a target in 3-D space by infrared and laser detection systems demonstrate that the proposed algorithm in this paper is efficient and can obtain better performance than traditional algorithm.     

A categorization method of infrared polarization and intensity image fusion algorithm based on the transfer ability of difference features

The fusion of infrared polarization and intensity image can significantly improve the detection performance of target, and the fused image is more suitable for human visual perception and further image-processing tasks. In this paper, a new categorization method of infrared polarization and intensity image fusion algorithm based on the transfer ability of difference feature is proposed. Firstly, the difference feature between two kinds of image and the characteristics of different fusion algorithms are analyzed and summarized. Second, an evaluation vector of fusion algorithm for difference feature transform ability is constructed. Thirdly, the transfer ability of fusion algorithm for difference feature is estimated by the evaluation vector, and the degree of transfer ability of fusion algorithm for difference feature is analyzed. Finally the fusion algorithms are classified by the degree of transfer ability of fusion algorithm for difference feature. The results shows that the proposed fusion algorithm categorization method helps select fusion algorithms in actual scene.     

基于数据同化和差分进化算法的图像融合

针对现有融合方法不易根据后续处理目的对融合规则进行自适应调整,不同方法的优点不易综合的问题,提出一个基于数据同化和差分进化算法的图像融合框架.在该框架下,将基于非采样下的Contourlet变换作为模型算子,离散小波变换作为观测算子,可根据后续处理对图像各个属性指标值的依赖程度确定各个属性指标的权重,构造由图像各个属性评价指标的加权和所组成的目标函数,再利用差分进化算法来优化目标函数,从而获取更合适的图像.二组实验从视觉效果和量化指标（标准方差、平均梯度、熵、空间频率及均方根交叉熵）两方面验证了该框架的有效性.     

Visible and infrared tracking based on multi-view multi-kernel fusion model

In the visual tracking problem, fusion of visible and infrared sensors provides complementarily useful features and can consistently help distinguish the target from the background efficiently. Recently, multi-view learning has received growing attention due to its enormous potential in combining diverse view features containing consistent and complementary characteristics. Therefore, in this paper, a visible and infrared fusion tracking algorithm based on multi-view multi-kernel fusion (MVMKF) model is presented. The proposed MVMKF model considers the diversities of visible and infrared views and embeds complementary information from them. Furthermore, the multi-kernel framework is used to learn the importance of view features so that an integrated appearance representation is made with regard to the respective performance. Besides, the tracking task is completed with naive Bayes classifier in sophisticated compressive feature domain, considering the high performances of classifier-level and sophisticated feature-level learning for multiple views. The experimental results demonstrate that the MVMKF tracking algorithm performs well in terms of accuracy and robustness.     

Modified particle filter-based infrared pedestrian tracking

Tracking infrared pedestrian targets is a crucial part in video surveillance. Many factors make this problem decidedly non-linear and non-Gaussian, and the appropriate solution at present is based on the particle filter technique which is powerful and simple to implement. But in many cases, the traditional particle filter tracking algorithm fails to track the targets robustly and accurately. To solve these problems, a modified particle filter algorithm that combines intensity and edge cues is proposed. The algorithm firstly extracts the intensity cue and edge cue of the target based on the visual models which are originally learnt from the first frame and will be updated during the tracking process according to an automatic model updating strategy. Secondly, these two cues are combined into the particle filter framework by an adaptive integration scheme. Furthermore, its performance is evaluated with real-world infrared pedestrian sequences and extensive experimental results show that the presented method can track the infrared pedestrian more effectively and reliably than the traditional particle filter algorithm.     

一种基于算法融合的红外目标跟踪方法

视频目标跟踪的难点在于快速、准确地在帧与帧之间匹配目标.由于红外图像目标与背景的反差低,图像的边缘模糊并且灰度级动态范围小,使红外目标跟踪难度比可见光更大.本文提出一种针对红外日标跟踪的融合算法,该方法融合直方图和不变矩的特点.首先利用目标的直方图计算简单快速的特点,由均值平移算法快速找到局部最优解,但由于该局部最优解仪为直方图匹配的最优解,缺少目标形状特征,与实际目标位置存在一定的偏差;其次,利用边缘小变矩作为修正特征修正误差,避免跟踪误差逐渐累计而最终导致跟踪失败,以提高跟踪的稳定性和精度.实验结果表明,该算法能够消除跟踪过程中的漂移现象,提高跟踪精度.     

观测站非机动情况下的渐进无偏目标跟踪算法

针对无源目标跟踪中将非线性测量方程伪线性化带来有偏估计的缺点,提出了一种基于方位和径向速度联合估计的渐进无偏目标跟踪算法。该算法通过对方位-径向速度组成的伪线性测量方程的噪声协方差矩阵进行约束,使其均方误差达到最小,得到目标状态向量的最小二乘无偏解。仿真和实验结果表明,在观测站非机动情况下,算法能够渐进无偏地收敛到真值,收敛后的距离跟踪误差在5%以内。     

一种新的自组织聚类网络及其在数据融合目标分类中的应用

介绍了一种新的自组织聚类人工神经网络(DIGNET)模型和网络的非监督学习算法。针对数据融合和目标识别的特点,提出了基于DIGNET的决策层数据融合目标分类方法。利用仿真数据研究了DIGNET和自组织特征映射网络(SOFM)的聚类性能以及基于DIGNET的决策层数据融合结构,实验结果表明DIGNET较SOFM正确分类率高、抗噪能力好;基于DIGNET的决策层数据融合能够有效地实现融合识别。将该数据融合方法应用于前视红外(FLIR)和可见光摄像机目标跟踪系统,结果表明该方法是可行的。