裂缝性地层黏弹性地震多波波动方程

裂缝检测是目前国内外石油勘探界研究的一个热点问题，如何确定裂缝方位等参数是石油公司面临的难题，而解决该难题就要确定裂缝方位等参数与地震波场传播之间的定量关系.但是目前所采用的裂缝性地层介质模型不能完全定量地反映裂缝的方位特征和衰减特征.针对该问题，建立了具有任意裂缝方位的裂缝性地层介质模型；并构造了时间增量的方法，将非线性的卷积积分采用近似的方法实现，建立了以位移场表示的具有任意方位角的黏弹性方位各向异性介质的波动方程.该波动方程定量地给出了黏弹性波场特征与裂缝走向的关系，描述了黏弹性地震波在这种介质中的 关键词： 裂缝 各向异性 黏弹性 波动方程     

各向异性黏弹性介质伪谱法波场模拟

当地震信号通过复杂地球介质时，地层除了表现为各向异性，还表现为内在的黏弹性特征 因此，为准确描述地震波在地球介质中的传播特征，理想的地球介质模型应该能够模拟岩石 的各向异性特征和衰减特征.给出了各向异性黏弹性介质模型的波动方程，推导了伪谱法波场正演模拟的递推公式，并利用伪谱法实现了地震波波场数值模拟.表明了该介质模型中地 震波场特征与各向异性主轴方位和介质的黏滞性参数之间的关系. 关键词： 黏弹性 各向异性 伪谱法     

方位各向异性黏弹性介质波场有限元模拟

随着裂缝性储集层的地位越来越重要，黏弹性各向异性介质中地震波传播理论的研究也越来越受到重视.在弱黏滞性条件下，针对标准线性黏弹性体模型，采用时间增量法，在每一个时间步长确定黏弹性变形及载荷，并在计算下一个时间步长的黏弹性变形时把它加载进去，建立类似于解弹性问题的黏弹性方位各向异性介质波动方程的有限元递推公式.数值模拟给出了黏弹性波在地球介质中的波场传播特征. 关键词： 黏弹性 方位各向异性 有限元 时间增量法     

黏弹介质包裹的充液管道中低频轴对称波传播特性

研究埋地充液管道中低频轴对称波传播特性。将土壤考虑为黏弹介质,结合Kennard薄壳方程和Kelvin-Voigt线性黏弹性模型,引入土壤载荷矩阵,推导出土-管滑移情形下流体主导波和管壁压缩波的相速度表达式。通过数值模拟计算得到流体主导波和管壁压缩波的频散和衰减曲线并进行可靠性验证,分析两种波引起的管壁径向位移之比,讨论厚径比和品质因子对流体主导波传播的影响。结果表明,黏弹介质对流体主导波和管壁压缩波的相速度影响较小,但对衰减影响较大;流体主导波对管壁径向位移有较大的影响,是泄露噪声传播的主要载体;厚径比越大,流体主导波的相速度越大,衰减越小;而品质因子越大,流体主导波的频散和衰减都越小。研究结果可为埋地充液管道的泄漏检测提供一定的理论参考。      

各向异性渗流条件下弹性波的传播特征

研究了弹性波在非均匀裂纹孔隙介质中的传播特性,建立了各向异性喷射流模型.当弹性波通过裂纹孔隙介质时,由于波的扰动及裂纹和孔隙几何结构的不一致,导致在裂纹内部及裂纹与周边孔隙之间同时存在着流体压力梯度.此时的弹性波波动响应中包含着裂纹内连通性特征和背景孔隙渗透率信息.流体的动态流动过程使得介质的等效弹性参数为复数(非完全弹性),并且具有频率依赖性.当弹性波为低频和高频极限时,介质为完全弹性;当处于中间频段时,波有衰减和频率依赖.裂纹孔隙介质的各向异性连通性(渗透率)对应着各向异性特征频率(当渗流长度等于非均匀尺度时的弹性波频率),波的传播受到裂纹内连通性的影响.在一定频段内,随着裂纹厚度的增加,将出现第二峰值,峰值大小同时受到裂纹厚度和半径的影响.     

相控圆弧阵声源在TI地层井孔中产生的声场

研究了相控圆弧阵声源在各向异性地层井孔中产生的声场的特征,重点分析了该声源对于地层横波各向异性的方位敏感性,旨在探索一种新的地层声学各向异性测量方法。结果显示:相控圆弧阵声源在地层中可激发多种方位阶数的声场,主要成分为单极子波场和偶极子波场;在HTI地层竖直井中,方位角不同的圆弧阵声源激发的波动的速度不同,相控圆弧阵声源对于地层横波速度的方位各向异性的敏感性主要是它所激发的弯曲波的贡献。相比于传统的正交偶极子声波测井而言,采用相控圆弧阵声源可以评价井附近地层的周向非均质性,可以提高井周测量覆盖次数,提高反演结果的可靠性。另外,相控圆弧阵声源兼具备多极子声源的功能,优化的相位控制方式可以实现方位各向异性的最佳测量。      

谱有限元模拟正交各向异性黏弹性材料中导波传播特性

研究了导波在正交各向异性黏弹性复合板中传播的色散特性、波结构及功率流密度。基于二维平面运动方程,采用谱有限元方法得到了导波色散的特征方程。分析了正交各向异性黏弹性板中各向异性和黏性对能量速度和波结构的影响,以及基底对导波功率流密度的影响。数值研究结果表明:导波沿纤维方向传播的能量速度大,材料的黏性对速度影响较小,但会减小波结构的幅度;在高频时,基底的存在使两个基本模态的功率流密度分别集中到波导的上下表面,形成弱色散、高衰减及无色散、零衰减的表面波。数值模拟结果为导波用于复合材料定量无损检测和性能评价提供理论依据。      

激光激发黏弹表面波有限元数值模拟

研究黏弹性材料中激光激发的Rayleigh波的传播特征. 考虑到黏弹性材料的黏性特征,在频域内建立黏弹性材料中激光激发Rayleigh波的有限元数值模型. 在验证有限元频域数值模型正确性的基础上,模拟脉冲激光作用在黏弹性材料上激发出Rayleigh波,进而讨论激光激发的黏弹Rayleigh波的传播特征,并比较黏弹性材料与弹性材料中激光激发的Rayleigh波差异,同时分析了材料的黏性劲度参量变化对Rayleigh波特征的影响. 关键词： 表面波 激光超声 有限元方法 黏弹性     

介观非均匀双相介质中局域流对弹性波传播的影响

针对弹性波衰减与速度频散问题，基于Pride和Berryman的介观非均匀双重孔隙介质理论模型，推导一组用位移表示，另一组用位移及孔压表示的全新形式的耦合动力学方程组，并基于双孔介质模型，推导出弹性波的相速度与逆品质因子的解析式，重点讨论介观尺度下的局域流动对弹性波传播特性的影响.数值算例表明：快波的速度随着频率的增加而迅速增加，且介观流动损失比Biot损失至少高一个数量级；同时局域流对慢波也有着不同程度的影响.证实了局域流是波能损失和相速度频散的主要因素.     

无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播模式和衰减

在Kelvin-Voigt线性粘弹性模型框架内研究了无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播和衰减。通过一个复根搜索程序对频散方程的求解得到无量纲化相速度频散曲线和衰减曲线。比较了引入损耗因子后粘弹性圆柱管与弹性圆柱管中轴对称波传播的特性。给出了圆柱管的外内径之比、损耗因子和材料参数对相速度和衰减的影响。分析结果表明与弹性圆柱管相比粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的各阶传播模式均存在衰减,高阶传播模式并无严格意义的截止频率。损耗因子对第一阶传播模式的相速度影响很小,而对衰减的影响则比较大,穿孔率对波传播的相速度和衰减有相当大的影响。     

Viscoelastic BISQ Model for Low-Permeability Sandstone with Clay

A modified BISQ （Blot/Squirt） model for wave propagation in low-permeability sandstone is developed by introducing the viscoelastic mechanism of a porous skeleton into Dvorkin＇s model. The linear viscoelasticity of the Kelvin Voigt constitutive law is employed to describe the stress-strain relation of a solid frame with clay while the ultrasonic waves propagate through the fluid-saturated sandstone. The phase velocity and attenuation of two p-waves are given based on the present BISQ model. The comparisons between numerical results and experimental data indicate that our viscoelastic model is more realistic and feasible for wave propagation in the low-permeability sandstone, especially with clay, than traditional BISQ models.     

Horizontal array beamforming in an azimuthally anisotropic internal wave field

A numerical study of beamforming on a horizontal array is performed in a shallow water waveguide where a summer thermocline is perturbed by a time evolving realization of an internal wave field. The components of the internal wave field consist of a horizontally (azimuthally) isotropic, spatially homogeneous contribution, and a horizontally anisotropic, spatially inhomogeneous component. These terms represent a diffuse ("background") internal wave field and a localized solitary wave packet, respectively. Conventional beamforming is performed as a function of time while the internal wave field evolves throughout a computational volume containing the source-receiver paths. Source-receiver orientation with respect to the azimuthally anisotropic component has a significant effect on the beamformed output. When the source-receiver configuration is oriented approximately parallel to the solitary wave crests, beam wander, fading, beam splitting and coherence length degradation occurs in a time-dependent manner as the solitary wave packet passes through the environment. Both horizontal refraction of energy and a time-dependent modal source excitation distribution are responsible for these beamforming effects. In cases where source-receiver orientation is not approximately parallel to the wave crests, these effects are substantially reduced or eliminated, indicating that an azimuthally selective perturbation of the acoustic field can be attributed to the wave packet. Modal decomposition of the acoustic field and single mode starting fields are used to infer that, for the source-receiver orientation along the wave crests and troughs, acoustic propagation is predominantly adiabatic. A modal phase speed analysis explains several features associated with the beamformed power.     

Uniqueness,reciprocity theorem,and plane waves in thermoelastic diffusion with a fractional order derivative

In this work, a theory of thermoelasticity with diffusion is taken into consideration by using the methodology of fractional calculus. The governing equations for particle motion in a homogeneous anisotropic fractional order generalized thermoelastic diffusive medium are presented. Uniqueness and reciprocity theorems are proved. The plane wave propagation in the homogeneous transversely isotropic thermoelastic diffusive medium with fractional order derivative is studied. For the two-dimensional problem, there exist a quasi-longitudinal wave, a quasi-transverse wave, a quasi-mass diffusion wave, and a quasi-thermal wave. From the obtained results, the different characteristics of waves, like phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, specific loss, and penetration depth, are computed numerically and presented graphically. Some special cases are also discussed.     

Cherenkov radiation with arbitrary azimuthal mode number excited in a plasma-filled slow-wave waveguide

On the basis of the reference [1], excitation of Cherenkov radiation with arbitrary azimuthal mode number by a thin annular relativistic electron beam in a plasma-filled dielectric-lined slow-wave waveguide is studied in this paper. A determinantal dispersion equation is obtained. This general dispersion equation is valid for arbitrary azimuthal mode number, and the growth rate of the wave is derived from it. Finally, the effects of the background plasma density on the dispersion relation, the background plasma density and the electron beam radius on the growth rate of the wave are presented. Formulas and results offerd in this paper are general, and are of particular value of reference to the beam-wave interaction in azimuthally unsymmetrical slow-wave waveguide.This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and 863 Project.     

随钻单极子声波测井模式优化及远探测

针对非均匀性地层地质力学评价和地质导向钻井的需要,研究了随钻单极子声波的方位特性和反射声场特征,并研制了随钻声波测量装置.建立了不同方向速度模型井和反射声场模型,数值模拟了两个模型的单极子声波传播特征,使用单极子声源发射和偏极子接收器接收的测量模式,分别获得了波速周向变化图和反射波的方位特征.模拟结果表明,纵波对地层方...     

The group velocity variation of Lamb wave in fiber reinforced composite plate

Experimentally measured Lamb wave group velocities in composite materials with anisotropic characteristics are not the same as the theoretical group velocities which is calculated with the Lamb wave dispersion equation. This discrepancy arises from the fact that the angle between the group velocity direction and the phase velocity direction in anisotropic materials exists. Wave propagation in a composite material with anisotropic characteristics should be considered with respect to magnitude correction in addition to direction correction. In this study, S0 mode phase velocity dispersion curves are depicted with the variation of degree with respect to the fiber direction using a Lamb wave dispersion relation in the unidirectional, bidirectional, and quasi-isotropic composite plates. Slowness surface is sketched by the reciprocal value of the phase velocity curves. The magnitude and direction of the group velocity could be calculated from the slowness surface. The recalculated group velocities with consideration of the magnitude and direction from the slowness surface are compared with experimentally measured group velocities. The proposed method shows good agreements with theoretical and experimental results.