介质的增益与损耗对高功率激光小尺度自聚焦的影响

 由光束在非线性介质中传输所满足的近轴波方程，应用Bespalov Talanov（BT）理论，导出了光束在两种介质中传输时，小尺度不稳定增长所遵循的微分方程。通过对比分析介质的增益和损耗对高功率激光的小尺度自聚焦行为的不同影响，得出了截止频率、最快增长频率、纹波的积分指数增益等特性随各参量的变化,求得了最大和最小的纹波增长的距离，以及介质的增益和损耗特性对成丝距离的影响。     

高功率激光装置的线性传输特性

在菲涅耳数的基础上重新定义了衍射特征量,并将其定义扩展至聚焦或发散光路,定义了一个光学系统中各光学元件衍射特征量的符号。通过全新的定义和扩展,研究了波前畸变对近场调制度的影响以及正弦调频光谱色散平滑光束衍射传输引入的幅频调制的大小。以神光-Ⅲ主机主放大级为例,研究了元件波前畸变对近场调制度的影响以及正弦调频光谱色散平滑光束衍射传输引入的幅频调制的大小。衍射特征量与能流分布F相结合,可以作为评价高功率激光装置线性传输效应的一项受限指标,指导高功率激光装置的设计。     

强激光对传输光学元件热效应的数值模拟研究

强激光通过反射镜、窗口等光学元件传输过程中，光学材料对激光会有微弱的吸收，由此引起光学元件的热畸变，影响传输效率和远场能量集中度。基于三维瞬态热传导方程和弹性应力-应变方程，研究了波长1.315μm非对称环形强激光束辐照下硅反射镜、白宝石窗口的温度、变形和应力的分布规律，特别研究了激光强度、激光输出时间、光束遮拦比、光强分布的空间梯度等对元件热效应的影响；还研究了波长3．8μm非对称空心矩形激光束辐照下氟玻璃窗口温度、变形和应力的分布规律。计算了变形对光束波前位相和光束质量的影响。     

高功率固体激光装置光学元件"缺陷"分布与光束近场质量的定量关系研究

基于光传输理论,获得了弱调制情况下光学元件"缺陷"分布功率谱密度 (power spectral density, PSD)与光束近场强度分布PSD之间的定量关系;通过数值模拟的方法,针对高功率固体激光装置的基本单元(线性介质、非线性介质以及空间滤波器)对获得的理论关系进行了具体的验证和讨论.研究结果表明,弱调制下,只存在振幅型或位相型"缺陷"分布时,光学元件"缺陷"分布PSD与光束近场强度分布PSD通过近场强度分布PSD的系统传输因子联系,传输因子与系统的构型和运行状态有关.研究结果为光学元件"缺陷"分布指标的获得提供了理论基础,对高功率固体激光装置负载能力的提升起到了一定的指导作用. 关键词： 缺陷分布 功率谱密度 光学元件 光束质量     

星间光通信中局部波前畸变对捕获精度的影响

 提出了一种针对反射式光学天线的简单椭圆高斯模型来描述局部波前畸变,研究了星间光通信中局部波前畸变对捕获精度的影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明:局部畸变半径、畸变深度以及畸变位置是影响捕获精度的主要因素;捕获偏差随着畸变半径以及畸变中心相对于光束中心的距离的增大而增大;随局部畸变深度的增加呈周期性振荡衰减变化,且振荡周期和峰值对应的畸变深度不依赖于其它畸变参数。对口径为240 mm的反射式接收天线系统,当遮挡比为0.15时,局部畸变引起的捕获偏差近似可达0.5 μrad。为了减小捕获偏差,所需的光学元件的加工精度应远高于0.25λ。     

随机并行梯度下降光束净化实验研究

利用自适应光学技术进行光束净化是高能激光系统中一项重要的研究内容.为实现光束净化系统的小型化和低成本,基于系统性能评价函数无模型最优化的波前畸变校正方法是适合的技术方案.就随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)最优化算法在光束净化系统中的应用展开研究.针对高能激光束常见的像差分布进行了SPGD波前校正的数值模拟,在此基础上构建了37单元自适应光学光束净化实验平台,讨论了双边扰动梯度估计和迭代增益系数自适应变化对算法收敛特性的影响.数值模拟与实验结果验证了SPGD算法对不同程度波前畸变的校正能力,表明了SPGD光束净化方案的可行性.     

高功率激光传输过程中散射点对光束质量的影响

为了研究高功率激光传输过程中不透明颗粒引起的光束调制,通过分析这些不透明颗粒的形状和分布特点,建立了位置呈随机分布的高斯状散射点模型,从光束的衍射理论和干涉叠加理论出发,得到该模型下散射点对传输光束质量影响的解析式。数值分析了高斯状散射点的大小、密度、散射面积比及其传输距离对输出光束的近场分布、位相分布和光束透过率的影响,结果显示亚毫米量级散射点的衍射效应引起最大调制可达1．4,光学元件散射面积比小于0．003时才能满足元件透过率大于99．5％的需求。该结果可用于评价高功率激光装置光学元件的加工状况,并对光学元件加工要求和激光装置的洁净度要求有指导意义。     

具有振幅调制的光学格子中光束的演化研究

利用变分原理和数值模拟的方法研究了光束在光传输方向的横截面上存在着具有振幅调制的光学格子时的演化,得到了光束宽度、振幅、光束的波阵面曲率随传播距离的演化形式.通过将光束的传输类比于粒子的运动,发现光束参量的条件存在三个区域,在不同的区域光束将在光格子的调制下有不同的传输形式,光格子振幅调制系数在各个区域起到了重要作用.光学格子中周期格子的作用有类似非线性的很好的特性,周期格子的引入提供了更好地控制格子孤子形成和传输的参考条件.     

位相畸变对强紫外激光在空气中长程传输的影响

 采用瞬态受激旋转拉曼散射（SRRS）模型，详细考虑了激光脉冲的位相变化、时间波形、泵浦光的衰减、斯托克斯光的非线性放大以及初始的随机斯托克斯散射场等诸多因素，研究了空间位相畸变对空气中长程传输过程中产生的SRRS效应的影响。研究结果表明：位相畸变对阈值条件和时间特性影响较小，而对光束质量影响较为明显；随着位相畸变的增大，光束的能量分布变得极不均匀，光束的光强对比度也明显变大，从而使激光光束质量变差，而且当传输距离达到阈值条件后，随着传输距离的增加，光束质量将进一步变差。     

高功率激光束波前空间频率划分研究

基于衍射理论和非线性小尺度自聚焦的纹波理论，推导了不同频率下的纹波经过非线性介质传输后的解析式.通过解析分析，得到了不同空间频率波前畸变的非线性增长特性.结合驱动器装置对打靶焦斑的要求，研究了波前空间频率的划分方法，并根据国内装置的特点划分了波前空间频率高中低频分界点.     

Second-harmonic generation of the nth-order Bessel beam

We investigate the second-harmonic generation of the nth-order Bessel beam in the nonlinear medium. The analysis is based on the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov wave equation under the second-order approximation in nonlinear acoustics. The theory indicates that for an nth-order Bessel beam, the second-harmonic beam is nearly diffraction-free in the radial direction and behaves as a Bessel beam of the order 2n, and that the axial pressure amplitude is proportional to the square root of propagation distance. A variety of applications in many fields of nonlinear acoustics and nonlinear optics is expected.     

神光II升级装置波前传输计算模型与验证

基于衍射理论和神光II升级激光装置的光路结构及光学元件波前像差,建立了激光装置光束波前像差传输计算模型,用以获取在实验中难以取得,但对激光系统设计和安全运行非常重要的变形镜校正面型、放大器动态波前像差、空间滤波器波前像差和焦斑形态等过程数据。利用该模型对激光装置常规运行时的静态传输、变形镜加压静态传输和大能量发射3种状态下的波前传输进行理论分析,计算结果与实验测量相一致,并在此基础上对变形镜未加压大能量发射波前传输进行计算。计算模型可用于指导相关器件的设计,优化激光运行控制模式,有利于提高激光装置输出波前质量。     

双轴棱锥产生长距离近似无衍射光的新技术

提出了一种利用会聚透镜、轴棱锥等简单光学元件产生长距离近似无衍射光的新技术. 分别利用几何光学和衍射理论分析了该方法产生长距离近似无衍射光束的原理, 通过软件模拟了长距离近似无衍射光束的形成过程,得出了该光束在不同距离处的横向光强分布. 模拟结果显示该光束在较长距离处的横向光强分布满足Bessel分布. 从实验上获得了传播距离长达80 m、中心光斑发散角约为0.12 mrad的近似无衍射光束, 相比于国外学者最近的研究成果(Belyi et al. 2010 Opt. Exp. 18 1966)将传播距离延长了50多米,而光束发散角压缩了22倍.实验中, 对光束沿光轴传播时在不同距离处的光斑进行了拍摄,所得实验结果与理论分析基本符合.     

Propagation dynamics of dipole breathing wave in lossy nonlocal nonlinear media

In the framework of nonlinear wave optics,we report the evolution process of a dipole breathing wave in lossy nonlocal nonlinear media based on the nonlocal nonlinear Schr?dinger equation.The analytical expression of the dipole breathing wave in such a nonlinear system is obtained by using the variational method.Taking advantage of the analytical expression,we analyze the influences of various physical parameters on the breathing wave propagation,including the propagation loss and the input power on the beam width,the beam intensity,and the wavefront curvature.Also,the corresponding analytical solutions are obtained.The validity of the analysis results is verified by numerical simulation.This study provides some new insights for investigating beam propagation in lossy nonlinear media.     

光在类锥形梯度折射率纤维中的传播——波动光学研究

本文从近轴波动方程出发,寻求光在类锥梯度折射率纤维中传播的解析解。研究了在纤维中传播的高斯光束光斑半径、波面曲率半径、光束强度分市的变化规律,并讨论了准锥形近似及准几何光学传播条件。     

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

Phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the useful tools to estimate the wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics system. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

多程放大系统光学元件静态波前畸变研究

 通过研究光学元件静态波前畸变对多程放大系统光传输的影响，给出了满足聚焦光斑要求的均方根梯度值以及光学元件加工误差的最大允容值。加工误差的峰谷值不超过λ/3、均方根值不超过0.079λ,相位梯度的峰谷值不超过0.033λ/cm、相位梯度均方根不超过0.007λ/cm。通过光传输模拟程序校验了波前畸变的相干叠加和非相干叠加规律。     

A modified phase diversity diffraction wavefront sensor with a grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.     

Fast wavefront sensing using a hardware parallel classifier chip

In most applications of laser technology and optics the beam quality, the ability to focus a laser beam and the achievement of a good optical resolution play an important role. The compensation of distortions using adaptive optics requires fast wavefront measurement. Classical wavefront analysis schemes use matrix operations, which show a nonlinear computation time dependence with matrix size, making it difficult to achieve high-speed control loops at a high resolution. A novel wavefront sensor system is presented using a massively parallel k-nearest neighbor classifier chip in an embedded hardware setup. Our miniaturized sensor is able to detect one optical distortion within about 80 μs allowing its use for high-speed adaptive optics applications.