石墨表面熔融硅的润湿行为研究

熔融硅在石墨表面的润湿规律对于超薄硅片的横向拉模制造尤为重要.本文利用COMSOL软件模拟了理想条件下熔融硅在光滑石墨表面的润湿过程,并借助高温高真空接触角测量仪对高温条件下石墨表面熔融硅的润湿性能开展了实验研究.考察了石墨表面粗糙度(R_a=0.721μm与R_a=0.134μm)、环境温度(1737—1744 K)、恒温持续时间(10—30 s)等因素对润湿角的影响.结合固-液、气-液界面的压力、速度分布图,分析了恒定温度、毛细效应下表面张力变化对润湿过程的影响机制.研究结果表明,相同温度下,石墨表面硅液滴的润湿角随石墨表面粗糙度增大而减小.对同一粗糙度表面,润湿角在相同温度下随保温时间的增加略微减小,且变化的幅度随温度升高而减小.当液滴半径远小于5 mm时,表面张力在润湿过程中起主导作用;当液滴半径大于5 mm时,液滴自身重力的影响不可忽略.     

液滴在不同润湿性表面上蒸发时的动力学特性

基于润滑理论,采用滑移边界条件建立了二维液滴厚度的演化模型和移动接触线动力学模型,利用数值计算方法模拟了均匀加热基底上固着液滴蒸发时的动力学特性,分析了液-气、固-气和液-固界面张力温度敏感性对壁面润湿性和液滴动态特性的影响.结果表明,液滴的运动过程受毛细力、重力、热毛细力和蒸发的影响,重力对液滴铺展起促进作用,而毛细力、热毛细力则起抑制作用;通过改变界面张力温度敏感性系数,可使液滴蒸发过程中的接触线呈现处于钉扎或部分钉扎模式,且接触线钉扎模式下的液滴存续时间低于部分钉扎模式;提高液-气与液-固界面张力温度敏感系数均可改善壁面润湿性能,加快液滴铺展速率;而增大固-气界面张力温度敏感系数则导致壁面润湿性能恶化、延缓液滴铺展过程;通过改变固-气界面张力温度敏感系数更有利于调控处于蒸发状态下的液滴运动.     

液滴在气固交界面变形移动问题的光滑粒子流体动力学模拟

为准确模拟液滴在气固交界面变形移动问题,对基于连续表面张力模型的表面张力光滑粒子流体动力学方法进行了改进.改进方法采用新的边界处理方式和界面法向修正方法,即将固体边界虚粒子色函数值根据液面的位置进行相应设定以保证气-液-固三相交界处流体粒子的界面法向沿接触线法线方向,引入Brackbill提出的壁面附着力边界条件处理方法,对在气-液-固三相交界处的流体粒子及部分固体边界虚粒子的界面法向进行修正,修正前后保持法向模值不变,得到了含壁面附着力边界条件的表面张力算法.模拟了受壁面附着力影响的水槽中液面的变化过程、液滴润湿壁面过程和剪切气流驱动液滴在固体表面变形脱落过程,并与流体体积函数方法进行了对比.结果表明,该方法在处理壁面附着力问题时精度较高,稳定性较好,适合处理工程中液滴在气固交界面变形移动问题.     

人造金刚石生长速率的探讨

《在有金属或合金参与下人造金刚石形成机理的探讨》[1]一文中,阐述了非金刚石型碳转变成金刚石的历程──在有金属或合金作用下金刚石成核和长大的本质.本文着重探讨人造金刚石晶体的生长速率问题.所用碳素材料为石墨. 人造金刚石成核后的长大过程是一个复杂的过程,可以视为在各向异性的基体上在最有利的条件下所发生的个别过程的总和. 我们在用Ni-MnB合金作催溶剂的试验研究中,测量了合成条件下金刚石晶体的尺寸,通过图解,计算出了在这一条件下石墨转变成金刚石的活化能和活化体积,并且确定了金刚石生长速率与压力、温度的关系. 试验分…     

悬垂液滴研究及表面张力和润湿角测定

对光滑固体表面下悬挂的液滴进行了理论分析,建立了悬垂液滴特征尺寸R和H与液滴表面张力σL和固液界面润湿角θ之间的关系式,计算发现对于特定的ρ,σL,θ值,液滴质量m与固液界面润湿半径R、液滴高度H满足特殊的曲线关系.利用此关系可以同时测量液滴的表面张力σL以及固液界面间的润湿角θ.     

液滴振荡模型及与数值模拟的对比

由于碰撞壁面后液滴内部流动的复杂性, 以及气-液-固三相间的相互作用, 对液滴碰撞壁面形态变化的数学理论研究有较大的难度, 因此所见者多为实验和数值模拟. 本文通过对液滴受力状态的分析, 得到了惯性力、黏性力和表面张力带经验系数的表达式, 并进一步建立了液滴碰撞壁面振荡模型, 得到了液滴铺展半径的振荡表达式, 以及表面张力、黏性系数等参数对液滴铺展的影响. 最后通过与液滴衰减振荡数值模拟结果的对比, 确定了液滴振荡模型中的修正系数, 验证了模型的可行性. 关键词： 液滴碰撞 振荡 铺展半径/高度 数值模拟     

物性对电场下单气泡行为的影响

对电场作用下单气泡行为特点的研究有助于分析电场强化沸腾换热的机理.在本文中,利用VOF方法研究了气泡在直流电场下从壁面上升的过程,分析了液相相对介电常数及气液表面张力系数两种物性对单气泡行为的影响.研究发现,随着液相相对介电常数的增大,气泡脱离时间缩短,变形增加,内部对流增强.气液表面张力系数的增加能够延长气泡的脱离时间,但对气泡形态及内部流场的影响较弱.     

毛细管探针法测定液体的表面张力系数

在毛细管法测定液体表面张力系数的实验中,利用被测液体导电的性质,在螺旋测微计的测微螺杆上沿轴线方向加装一根金属探针,通过电学方法探测毛细管内液面及容器内液面的位置,实现液体在毛细管内上升高度的测量.利用探针法分别测量了蒸馏水在几个不同温度下的毛细上升高度,利用瑞利公式计算表面张力系数.实验结果表明,探针法测量毛细上升高度的重复性好,所测得蒸馏水的表面张力系数与其公认值的百分误差约小于0.12%.     

基于几何重建的气液两相流孔隙尺度模拟

本文基于二维micro CT扫描图像进行数值重构得到三维多孔介质几何模型,采用Shan-Chen多相格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)建立适用不规则几何边界区域内气液两相流动数值模型,在此基础上对复杂多孔介质内的两相流动过程进行孔隙尺度模拟。结果表明,气-液两相流动受限于多孔介质的复杂孔隙结构,气液表面张力、壁面润湿特性以及进出口压差对两相流动特性将产生明显影响。     

液态Sn-Cu钎料的黏滞性与润湿行为研究

金属熔体的黏度和表面张力都是与液态结构相关的敏感物理性质, 且存在一定的相互关系. 对于微电子封装材料而言, 黏度和表面张力均是影响其工艺性能的重要参量. 本文利用回转振动式高温熔体黏度仪测量了Sn-xCu (x = 0.7, 1.5, 2)钎料熔体在不同温度下的黏度值, 发现在一定温度范围内钎料熔体的黏度值存在突变, 可划分为低温区和高温区. 在各温区内, 黏温关系很好地符合Arrhenius方程, 在此基础上讨论了液态钎料的结构特征和演变规律. 同时, 利用黏度值计算了液态Sn-xCu钎料在相应温度下的表面张力, 并通过Sn-xCu钎料在Cu基板上的润湿铺展实验对计算结果进行验证. 结果显示, 润湿角和扩展率的测试结果与表面张力的计算结果具有很好的一致性, 表明通过熔体黏度值来计算锡基二元无铅钎料合金表面张力并评估其润湿性能的方法是可行的. 关键词： Sn-Cu钎料 黏度 表面张力 润湿性     

分离结晶过程中熔体热毛细对流的转变

为了了解微重力条件下新型分离结晶生长过程中熔体热毛细对流的基本特征,利用有限差分法进行了数值模拟,熔体深径比A取1和2,自由界面无因次宽度B分别取0.05、0.075和0.1.当熔体上表面为自由表面时,得到了分离结晶Bridgman生长过程中熔体热毛细对流的流函数和温度分布.计算结果表明:当Ma数较小时,在上下两个自由表面的表面张力的驱动下,熔体内部产生了两个流动方向相反的流胞,流动为稳态流动,随着Ma数的增加,上下自由表面速度增大,温度分布的非线性增加;当Ma数超过某一临界值后,流动将转化为非稳态流动;与熔体上表面为固壁时相比,A=1时的临界Ma数减小,而A=2时的临界Ma数增大;流动失稳的物理机制是流速的变化和阻力的变化之间存在滞后.     

Gas-phase growth of silicon-doped luminescent diamond films and isolated nanocrystals

A method of controlled diamond doping, consisting in introducing a solid-state silicon source into a CVD reactor chamber is proposed and implemented. Such an approach is tested during diamond film and isolated nanocrystallite growth on silicon, molybdenum, sapphire, copper, and quartz substrates. The approach to nanodiamond doping with silicon during CVD synthesis, developed in this paper, is promising for developing stable highly efficient luminescent nanodiamonds.     

用表面生长CVD金刚石的石墨合成高压金刚石

 用热灯丝CVD方法在多晶石墨衬底表面制备CVD金刚石颗粒，并用这种石墨在高温高压条件下采用六面顶压机合成出高压金刚石。初步实验结果表明：采用其表面生长CVD金刚石颗粒的石墨合成高压金刚石，可以提高金刚石的转化率和降低合成压力。     

Nanostructures produced by cluster beam lithography

2 clusters with about 1000 molecules per unit charge are accelerated to up to 120 keV kinetic energy for mask projective surface bombardment. Patterning is achieved via physical as well as chemical surface erosion. Very smooth eroded surfaces result for bulk natural diamond, silicon, and glass. Polycrystalline, strongly faceted CVD diamond films are effectively planarized. Submicron structures with various wall inclinations can be generated. Atomic force microscopy of individual impact structures reveals nanometer-sized hillocks instead of craters. The collective motion of the impacted surface material is considered crucial for the cluster impact-induced nanomodifications. Atomic ion beam lithography is considered for comparison. Received: 3 July 1998     

Melting behaviors of carbon underhigh pressures

Abstract

The melting behaviors of graphite and diamond were investigated at pressures up to 25 GPa using flash-heating method. By rapid heating, the metastable graphite was melted in the diamond stable P-T field, competing with its conversion to diamond in the rate of reaction. For the diamond the pressure dependence of inserted energy required to reach the molten state suggested that the melting temperature of diamond increases with pressure.     

Survey meter combining CVD diamond and silicon detectors for wide range of dose rates and high accumulated doses

We have developed a prototype of a survey meter combining a CVD diamond detector and silicon detectors to appropriately take temporal measurements of γ-ray radiations over a wide range of the dose rates and to measure high accumulated doses of γ-ray radiations. In order to carry out this, at first, we have studied the radiation hardness of diamond detectors suitably fabricated with high-quality single-crystalline CVD diamond films to confirm that such CVD diamond detectors have greatly superior radiation hardness, compared with commercially available silicon detectors. It is evidenced that the performance of the CVD diamond detector did not significantly change even after heavy γ-ray irradiation of 0.7 MGy while the silicon detectors have a remarkable increase in the dark current, a detection peak shift to the low energy side, and a decrease in detection counts for 5.486-MeV α particles. Due to a size limitation of the CVD diamond detector, such a CVD diamond detector was combined with six commercially available silicon detectors to fabricate a survey meter which can appropriately work under severe irradiation conditions, or, at accumulated doses larger than at least 0.5 MGy and which can cover a wide range of the dose rates from 1 μGy/h to at least 1 kGy/h. The prototype survey meter had a practically useful linearity in this dose rate range. Thus, we have confirmed that such a diamond-Si combined survey meter can be put into practical use.     

The Role of Surface Chemistry on Spreading Kinetics of Molten Silicides on Silicon Carbide

The spreading time for millimeter-sized droplets of nonreactive molten silicides on silicon carbide in high vacuum is several orders of magnitude higher than typical spreading times observed in nonreactive metal/ceramic systems. To explain this paradox, two types of experiments were performed: (i) wetting experiments for various nonreactive CuSi alloys on -SiC single crystals using the sessile drop and dispensed drop techniques, with emphasis on determining the initial contact angle; and (ii) characterization of surface chemistry of SiC after different heat treatments in high-vacuum furnaces. It is shown that spreading kinetics in these systems are controlled by the kinetics of removing of wetting barriers present or developed in situ on SiC surface.     

具有不同作用势的两平行墙间流体的浸润相变

用解析方法讨论了当两平行墙对流体施加不同的作用势时流体的浸润相变。系统的状态很敏感地依赖于两墙的作用势和两墙间距离的大小。即使两墙差别很小,在一定条件下仍可发生浸润一墙而不浸润另一墙的现象。系统中发生的浸润相变可能是一级的,也可能是二级的。 关键词：     

Aluminum–Carbon Interaction at the Aluminum–Graphene and Aluminum–Graphite Interfaces

The interaction of liquid and solid aluminum with the graphene and graphite surfaces is studied using the density functional theory and a molecular dynamics simulation. The Morse potential is parameterized using the results of ab initio calculations in order to describe the interaction between aluminum and carbon atoms. This potential is used to investigate the interaction of a molten aluminum drop with the (0001) graphite surface theoretically. The properties of the free aluminum melt surface and the contact surface formed upon wetting graphite by the molten drop are calculated. The calculation results agree well with the available experimental data.     

非平整基底上受热液膜流动稳定性研究

本文研究了二维黏性流体薄膜沿非平整不均匀加热基底流动时非线性表面波的演化及其流动稳定性.利用长波摄动法推导出非平整线性加热基底上非线性表面波的零阶和一阶演化方程,基于所得演化方程,绘制出正弦波纹基底上液膜的表面波形图,并研究液膜流动的线性稳定性,分析了各无量纲参数对液膜线性稳定性的影响.分析结果表明:在正弦波纹基底上,液膜自由表面随同壁面作相同频率的正弦型波动,且液膜厚度沿流动方向逐渐变小;Marangoni数为稳定影响因素,随Marangoni数的增大,液膜稳定区域增大;Peclet数和倾角θ均为不稳定影响因素,随Peclet数和倾角θ的增大,液膜稳定区域减小;在非平整基底的波峰和波谷处,Peclet数、Marangoni数和倾角θ对稳定性的影响趋势一致,但基底波谷处的液膜稳定区域小于波峰处区域,流动更易失稳.