基于绝对节点坐标法的大变形柔性梁几种动力学模型研究

对在平面内大范围转动的大变形柔性梁动力学进行了研究, 基于绝对节点坐标法建立了一种新的大变形柔性梁的非线性动力学模型. 该动力学模型中考虑了柔性梁的轴向拉伸变形和横向弯曲变形, 利用Green-Lagrangian应变张量计算柔性梁的轴向应变及应变能, 利用曲率的精确表达式计算柔性梁的横向弯曲变形能. 运用拉格朗日恒等式给出了柔性梁横向弯曲变形能新的表达式, 该变形能表达式更加简洁, 通过新的变形能表达式得到了新的弹性力模型, 由此得到的动力学方程可以精确地描述柔性梁的几何大变形问题. 通过与高次耦合模型以及ANSYS中BEAM188非线性梁单元模型的比较, 验证了本模型在计算大变形时的正确性以及高次耦合模型在处理大变形问题时的不足. 进一步研究发现, 新的广义弹性力模型可以适当地简化, 给出了两种简化模型, 根据不同模型的计算效率以及计算精度的比较确定了不同模型的适用范围.     

非惯性系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模

研究非惯性坐标系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模. 首先借鉴Euler-Bernoulli梁的几何非线性变形模式,考虑了Timoshenko梁弯曲以及剪切变形产生的几何非线性效应对纵向、横向变形位移的影响,在考虑两个方向的变形耦合项后,利用有限元法对柔性梁进行了离散,采用Lagrange方程建立了柔性梁的动力学模型,首次建立了包含变形二次耦合量的Timoshenko梁的动力学方程. 关键词： 非惯性坐标系 剪切变形 柔性梁 动力学建模     

基于升力面和大变形梁的风力机叶片气弹模型

为了降低风能度电成本,风力机大型化是风电行业重要的发展趋势,柔性轻质的超长叶片可能出现几何大变形。目前的风力机叶片气弹模型,其结构模型多数基于简单梁模型,对几何非线性因素的考虑较少,或者是基于二阶梁模型,气动模型则多数基于叶素动量理论。为了适应风力机大型化对结构模型和气动模型准确性的要求,本文采用一种大变形几何精确梁理论作为结构模型,完整考虑叶片大变形非线性因素;同时采用自由尾迹升力面方法作为气动模型,更准确地描述三维叶片形状对流场的影响,最终建立一个具有更高准确度的风力机叶片气弹模型。     

水声目标辐射噪声的低维动力学成分提取及应用

基于非线性动力学理论的水声信号相空间处理,是水声信号处理的一种新途径。实际水声信号在相空间中分析时的首要问题是降噪。本文应用局部几何投影法提取不同目标辐射噪声的低维成分,输出相图呈现出较明显的低维吸引子。在此基础上,用吸引子维数和反映动力学模型差异的交叉预测误差对样本进行了分类研究,结果表明,综合这两种分别反映几何性质和动力学性质的特征,可达到一定的分类效果。     

石墨烯/柔性基底复合结构双向界面切应力传递问题的理论研究

界面力学性能是影响石墨烯/柔性基底复合结构整体力学性能的关键因素,因此对该结构界面切应力传递机理的研究十分必要.考虑了石墨烯和基底泊松效应的影响,本文提出了二维非线性剪滞模型.对于基底泊松比相比石墨烯较大的情况,利用该模型理论研究了受单轴拉伸石墨烯/柔性基底结构的双向界面切应力传递问题.在弹性粘结阶段,导出了石墨烯双向正应变和双向界面切应力的半解析表达式,分析了不同位置处石墨烯正应变和界面切应力的分布规律.导出了石墨烯/柔性基底结构发生界面滑移的临界应变,结果表明该临界应变低于利用经典一维非线性剪滞模型得到的滑移临界应变,并且明显受到石墨烯宽度尺寸以及基底泊松比大小的影响.基于二维非线性剪滞模型建立有限元模型(FEM),研究了界面滑移阶段石墨烯双向正应变和双向界面切应力的分布规律.与一维非线性剪滞模型的结果对比表明,当石墨烯宽度较大时,二维模型和一维模型对石墨烯正应变、界面切应力以及滑移临界应变的计算结果均存在较大差别,但石墨烯宽度很小时,二维模型可近似被一维模型代替.最后,通过与拉曼实验结果的对比,验证了二维非线性剪滞模型的可靠性,并得到了石墨烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基底结构的界面刚度(100 TPa/m)和界面剪切强度(0.295 MPa).     

基于无网格点插值法的旋转悬臂梁的动力学分析

将基于多项式点插值的无网格方法用于旋转悬臂梁的动力学分析. 利用无网格点插值方法对柔性梁的变形场进行离散, 考虑梁的纵向拉伸变形和横向弯曲变形, 并计入横向弯曲变形引起的纵向缩短, 即非线性耦合项, 运用第二类Lagrange方程推导得到系统刚柔耦合动力学方程. 与有限元法相比, 该方法只需节点信息, 无需定义单元, 具有前处理简单的优势; 构造的形函数采用更多的节点插值, 具有高阶连续性. 将无网格点插值方法的仿真结果与有限元和假设模态法进行比较分析, 验证了该方法的正确性, 并表明其作为一种柔性体离散方法在刚柔耦合多体系统动力学的研究中具有可推广性.     

基于变量解耦的俯冲加速段弹载SAR大场景成像算法

俯冲加速阶段导弹运动状态复杂,成像范围需求大,回波处理困难的特点使得传统的成像算法难以运用.针对这一问题,本文首先建立了精确的斜距几何和回波模型,并在分析二维频谱的基础上,提出了一种基于变量解耦下的非线性变标算法,有效的补偿了随场景纵向和横向的多普勒调频率,改善了方位聚焦质量和位置的正确性,提高成像质量的同时简化了后期图像几何校正操作.多个散射点的仿真数据和结果表明了算法的有效性.     

基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的激光吸收光谱燃烧场二维重建光路优化研究

为探究基于激光吸收光谱技术的燃烧场二维测量光路布置方式,实现有限投影下更精确的燃烧场二维重建,根据分数阶微积分理论,提出一种基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的光路优化方法.将经典的整数阶Tikhonov正则化推广到分数阶模式,建立了基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的光路设计目标函数.利用遗传算法分析(0,1)范围内不同阶数的计算结果,得到最佳光路布置方式.采用近红外波段7185.6 cm^-1的H₂O特征吸收谱线结合20条测试光路对10×10离散化网格区域进行计算,对比分析五种光路布置方式对多种分布模型的重建结果,结果表明,基于分数阶Tikhonov正则化的光路布置方式具有最佳重建效果.研究结果对有限投影条件下激光吸收光谱二维测量光路的优化设计理论研究具有重要意义,可以促进激光吸收光谱技术在复杂发动机燃烧场二维重建及燃烧效率提升方面的应用.     

具有大范围运动和非线性变形的空间柔性梁的精确动力学建模

研究具有大范围运动和非线性变形的空间柔性梁的有限元动力学建模.首先在精确描述空间柔性梁的非线性变形的基础上,采用有限元方法对梁结构进行离散,导出其动能、势能及外力对应的广义力,然后利用Lagrange方程建立了空间柔性梁的精确动力学方程.该方程在原有一次耦合模型的基础上,增加了新的表征纵向、横向、侧向弯曲变形,以及扭转变形的耦合项,同时包含了变形运动与大范围运动之间的相互耦合项.本建模方法和所得结论可为以后空间柔性梁的动力学特性分析作以参考.     

旋转柔性悬臂梁动力学的Bezier插值离散方法研究

在旋转柔性梁变形场描述中,引入Bezier插值离散方法.首先构建旋转运动悬臂梁物理模型,接着采用第二类Lagrange动力学方程和Bezier插值离散方法,在计入柔性梁横向弯曲变形引起的纵向缩短的情况下,推导了旋转柔性梁的刚柔耦合动力学方程,并编制旋转柔性梁的动力学仿真软件,然后通过仿真算例对系统的动力学问题进行研究.最后将仿真结果与有限元法、假设模态法进行分析比较,验证了提出的Bezier插值离散方法的正确性,并得出Bezier插值离散法的计算效率较高;计算精度符合工程实际需要,高速时计算精度大于假设模态法;Bezier插值离散方法在处理大柔性问题时比假设模态法合理.因此在多体系统动力学领域具有优良性能和应用价值的Bezier插值离散方法将具有推广价值.     

Higher order representation of the beam cross section deformation in large displacement finite element analysis

Most existing beam formulations assume that the cross section of the beam remains rigid regardless of the amplitude of the displacement. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF); however, allows for the deformation of the cross section and leads to a more general beam models that capture the coupling between different modes of displacement. This paper examines the effect of the order of interpolation on the modes of deformation of the beam cross section using ANCF finite elements. To this end, a new two-dimensional shear deformable ANCF beam element is developed. The new finite element employs a higher order of interpolation, and allows for new cross section deformation modes that cannot be captured using previously developed shear deformable ANCF beam elements. The element developed in this study relaxes the assumption of planar cross section; thereby allowing for including the effect of warping as well as for different stretch values at different points on the element cross section. The displacement field of the new element is assumed to be cubic in the axial direction and quadratic in the transverse direction. Using this displacement field, more expressions for the element extension, shear and the cross section stretch can be systematically defined. The change in the cross section area is measured using Nanson’s formula. Measures of the shear angle, extension, and cross section stretch can also be systematically defined using coordinate systems defined at the element material points. Using these local coordinate systems, expressions for a nominal shear angle are obtained. The differences between the cross section deformation modes obtained using the new higher order element and those obtained using the previously developed lower order elements are highlighted. Numerical examples are presented in order to compare the results obtained using the new finite element and the results obtained using previously developed ANCF finite elements.     

On the correct representation of bending and axial deformation in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation with an elastic line approach

In finite element methods that are based on position and slope coordinates, a representation of axial and bending deformation by means of an elastic line approach has become popular. Such beam and plate formulations based on the so-called absolute nodal coordinate formulation have not yet been verified sufficiently enough with respect to analytical results or classical nonlinear rod theories. Examining the existing planar absolute nodal coordinate element, which uses a curvature proportional bending strain expression, it turns out that the deformation does not fully agree with the solution of the geometrically exact theory and, even more serious, the normal force is incorrect. A correction based on the classical ideas of the extensible elastica and geometrically exact theories is applied and a consistent strain energy and bending moment relations are derived. The strain energy of the solid finite element formulation of the absolute nodal coordinate beam is based on the St. Venant-Kirchhoff material: therefore, the strain energy is derived for the latter case and compared to classical nonlinear rod theories. The error in the original absolute nodal coordinate formulation is documented by numerical examples. The numerical example of a large deformation cantilever beam shows that the normal force is incorrect when using the previous approach, while a perfect agreement between the absolute nodal coordinate formulation and the extensible elastica can be gained when applying the proposed modifications. The numerical examples show a very good agreement of reference analytical and numerical solutions with the solutions of the proposed beam formulation for the case of large deformation pre-curved static and dynamic problems, including buckling and eigenvalue analysis. The resulting beam formulation does not employ rotational degrees of freedom and therefore has advantages compared to classical beam elements regarding energy-momentum conservation.     

Nonlinear response of shear deformable beams on tensionless nonlinear viscoelastic foundation under moving loads

In this paper, a boundary element method is developed for the geometrically nonlinear response of shear deformable beams of simply or multiply connected constant cross-section, traversed by moving loads, resting on tensionless nonlinear three-parameter viscoelastic foundation, undergoing moderate large deflections under general boundary conditions. The beam is subjected to the combined action of arbitrarily distributed or concentrated transverse moving loading as well as to axial loading. To account for shear deformations, the concept of shear deformation coefficients is used. Three boundary value problems are formulated with respect to the transverse displacement, to the axial displacement and to a stress functions and solved using the Analog Equation Method, a Boundary Element based method. Application of the boundary element technique yields a system of nonlinear Differential-Algebraic Equations, which is solved using an efficient time discretization scheme, from which the transverse and axial displacements are computed. The evaluation of the shear deformation coefficient is accomplished from the aforementioned stress function using only boundary integration. Analyses are performed to illustrate, wherever possible, the accuracy of the developed method, to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as the load velocity, load frequency, shear deformation, foundation nonlinearity, damping, on the beam displacements and stress resultants and to examine how the consideration of shear and axial compression affects the response of the system.     

对于具有大范围运动和非线性变形的柔性梁的有限元动力学建模

研究具有大范围运动和非线性变形的柔性梁的有限元动力学建模.采用有限元方法对梁结构进行离散,利用Lagrange方程建立系统的精确动力学方程.该方程不仅增加了新的表征纵向、横向、侧向弯曲变形,以及扭转变形的耦合项,同时包含了变形运动与大范围运动之间的相互耦合项.     

Non-linear vibrations of laminated cylindrical shallow shells under thermomechanical loading

The geometrically non-linear vibrations of linear elastic composite laminated shallow shells under the simultaneous action of thermal fields and mechanical excitations are analysed. For this purpose, a model based on a very efficient p-version first-order shear deformation finite element, with hierarchical basis functions, is employed. The equations of motion are solved in the time domain by a Newmark implicit time integration method. The model and code developed are partially validated by comparison with published data. Parametric studies are carried out in order to study the influence of temperature change, initial curvature, panel thickness and fibre orientation on the shells’ dynamics.     

Free vibration analysis of a cracked shear deformable beam on a two-parameter elastic foundation using a lattice spring model

The free vibration of a shear deformable beam with multiple open edge cracks is studied using a lattice spring model (LSM). The beam is supported by a so-called two-parameter elastic foundation, where normal and shear foundation stiffnesses are considered. Through application of Timoshenko beam theory, the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are taken into account. In the LSM, the beam is discretised into a one-dimensional assembly of segments interacting via rotational and shear springs. These springs represent the flexural and shear stiffnesses of the beam. The supporting action of the elastic foundation is described also by means of normal and shear springs acting on the centres of the segments. The relationship between stiffnesses of the springs and the elastic properties of the one-dimensional structure are identified by comparing the homogenised equations of motion of the discrete system and Timoshenko beam theory.     

Dynamic response of thin-walled structures by variable kinematic one-dimensional models

This paper investigates the accuracy capabilities of using variable kinematic modeling in compact and thin-walled beam-like structures with dynamic loadings. Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) is employed to introduce refined one-dimensional (1D) models with a variable order of expansion for the displacement unknowns over the beam cross-section. Classical Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories are obtained as particular cases of these variable kinematic models while a higher order expansion permits the detection of in-plane cross-section deformation, since it leads to shell-like solutions. Finite element (FE) method is used to provide numerical results and the Newmark method is implemented as a time integration scheme. Some assessments with closed form solutions are discussed and comparisons with shell-type results obtained with commercial FE software are made. Further analyses address both compact and thin-walled cross-sections. In particular, the case of a deformable thin-walled cylinder loaded by time-dependent internal forces is discussed. The results clearly show that finite elements which are formulated in the CUF framework do not introduce additional numerical problems with respect to classical beam theories. Comparisons with elasticity solutions prove that the present 1D CUF model offers an accuracy in analyzing thin-walled structures which is typical of shell or three-dimensional models with a remarkable reduction in the computational cost required.