铁电体的介电常数

比较了电介质物理学和铁电物理学对介电常数定义的差异.这种差异导致了解释实验结果方面相反的结论:铁电体物理学能够很好地解释极化强度增大导致介电常数减小的实验结果和外加直流电场下铁电体的介电可调行为,而电介质物理学得到的却是相反的结论.其原因是铁电材料介电常数在顺电相仅来源于横光学模的贡献,在铁电相来源于横光学模和偶极子极化,且偶极子极化会引起损耗.数学推导证实弛豫铁电行为的成份分布不是高斯分布函数.     

钛酸钡纳米颗粒铁电性临界尺寸的理论分析

从铁电体的Eular-Lagrange方程出发, 取贝塞尔方程级数解的形式, 得到了钛酸钡陶瓷颗粒的总极化强度表达式, 分析了各系数对总极化强度的影响. 根据总极化强度表达式, 采用MATLAB软件对尺寸在100 nm以下的钛酸钡纳米颗粒的铁电性进行了仿真分析. 结合实际数据探讨了尺寸效应对陶瓷颗粒铁电性的影响, 获得了与实验数据相符的数值解和极小值, 从而预测了钛酸钡纳米颗粒铁电性存在的临界尺寸为6 nm.     

Bi4-xLaxTi3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15,共生结构铁电材料拉曼光谱研究

在常温下，对La掺杂共生结构铁电陶瓷Bi_4-xLa_xTi_3O_12-SrBi_4-yLayTi_4O_15［BLT-SBLT(x+y),x+y= 0.00, 0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25,1.50］进行了拉曼光谱研究.结果表明，在掺杂量低于0.50时，La只取代类钙钛矿层中的Bi，当掺杂 量高于0.50后，部分La开始进入(Bi_2O_2)^2+层. La取代(Bi_2O_2)^2+层中的部分Bi以后，(Bi_2O_2)^2+层结构发生变化 ，原有的绝缘层和空间电荷库的作用减弱，导致材料剩余极化下降. La掺杂量增至1.50时，样品出现弛豫铁电性，这与30cm^-1以下模的软化相对应，说明La掺杂可引起材料 的结构相变. 关键词： Bi4-xLaxTi3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 La掺杂 声子模 拉曼频移     

核磁共振在铁电相变研究中的应用

一、引 言 实验表明,有些晶体当温度降低到某一临界温度Tc以下时会出现自发极化,而且自发极化强度的方向可以因施加电场而反向.晶体的这种性质称为铁电性.由非铁电晶体转变为铁电晶体的温度称为该晶体的铁电居里温度.有些晶体有上、下两个居里温度,在这两个温度之间,它具有铁电性,而在其他温度下则没有铁电性.1921年实验上第一个发现的铁电体罗息盐(酒石酸钾钠)就属于这种情形.因为铁电性的出现或消失总伴随着晶体结构的改变,所以它是一个相变过程,称为铁电相变. 由于很多铁电体都有重要的技术上的用途(例如作为压电材料、非线性光学材料),…     

铁电相变中极化与介电性的随机场效应

基于随机场Ising模型描述的有序无序相变中偶极子在电场作用下的反转运动, 研究了有序无序相变过程中电场与极化强度的关系. 认为tanh(x) 的函数关系与位移型二阶铁电相变极化强度随电场变化的实验结果完全相同. 由此得出基本结论: 偶极子的集体转向造成了极化强度的增大并等同于内电场的增加. 通过区分光学模和偶极子对介电隔离率的贡献, 考虑偶极子极化对介电常数复数形式的频率色散关系, 发现从高斯分布的居里温度可以导出二阶铁电相变过程中介电常数与温度和频率的色散关系. 关键词： 铁电相变 极化强度 随机场     

铁电材料与铁电物理的进展

自从1920年发现了酒石酸钾钠(罗息盐)的铁电性以来,迄今巳发现了超过一千种铁电体,其中一些已经对经济和技术的发展起到积极的作用[1].铁电体具有自发极化,而且在外加应力、电场(电磁波)或温度改变时,其自发极化大小也相应地变化,因此铁电体可以表现出具有力、声、光、热、电等交互响应的物理效应,从而成为高技术领域中制造多功能器件以及敏感元件的理想材料之一. 从铁电体研究的发展历程看,铁电体研究的特点有:(1)基础研究与固体物理发展密切相关.例如,铁电体相转变理论的研究正是从推广朗道的现代相变理论开始的,现今的重整化群理论也用来…     

横场-伊辛模型中BaTiO3的铁电行为

采用横场-伊辛模型描述了BaTiO₃中量子效应对铁电行为可能的贡献.计算显示量子效应可以明显地减少铁电体的自发极化.模型给出的理论结果与BaTiO₃的介电及极化实验结果符合较好. 关键词： 铁电性 量子效应 3')" href="#">BaTiO₃     

Bi4-xLax Ti3O12-SrBi4-y Lay Ti4O15共生结构铁电材料拉曼光谱研究

在常温下 ,对La掺杂共生结构铁电陶瓷Bi4 -xLaxTi3O1 2 _SrBi4 -yLayTi4 O1 5[BLT_SBLT(x y) ,x y =0 0 0 ,0 2 5 ,0 5 0 ,0 75 ,1 0 0 ,1 2 5 ,1 5 0 ]进行了拉曼光谱研究 .结果表明 ,在掺杂量低于 0 5 0时 ,La只取代类钙钛矿层中的Bi,当掺杂量高于 0 5 0后 ,部分La开始进入 (Bi2 O2 ) 2 层 .La取代 (Bi2 O2 ) 2 层中的部分Bi以后 ,(Bi2 O2 ) 2 层结构发生变化 ,原有的绝缘层和空间电荷库的作用减弱 ,导致材料剩余极化下降 .La掺杂量增至 1 5 0时 ,样品出现弛豫铁电性 ,这与 30cm- 1 以下模的软化相对应 ,说明La掺杂可引起材料的结构相变     

Si基Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12铁电薄膜的制备与特性研究

采用Sol-Gel工艺低温制备了Si基Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12铁电薄膜.研究了退火温度对薄膜微观结构、介电特性与铁电性能的影响.500℃退火处理的Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12薄膜未能充分晶化,晶粒细小且有非晶团聚,介电与铁电性能均较差.高于550℃退火处理的Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12薄膜表面平整无裂纹,晶粒均匀,无焦碌石相或其他杂相,薄膜为多晶生长,具有较好的介电与铁电性能,4V电压下的漏电流密度低于2×10-8A/cm2.随退火温度升高,晶化程度的提升和晶粒尺寸的增大使薄膜的剩余极化增大而矫顽电场降低.600℃退火处理的Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12薄膜显示了优于Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的铁电性能,其剩余极化Pr和矫顽电场Ec分别达到17.5μC/cm2和102kV/cm.     

球形无规键无规场模型研究弛豫铁电体极化效应

基于球形无规键无规场模型和电场作用下弛豫铁电体微畴-宏畴机理,利用模糊畴界观点以及电场对极化的分数维效应,分析了电场对畴的作用机理.研究结果表明:电场对畴的诱导偶极子增量的极化效应导致了电滞回线的不饱和及相关的大的电致伸缩效应;而畴的偶极子增量耦合时结合能的变化对低电场的电滞回线略有影响,但基本不会改变高电场时的极化状态.初始微畴大小对电滞回线非常重要,细小的微畴会导致细长的电滞回线及电场与电致伸缩良好的线性关系.     

铌锰锆钛酸铅铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应

研究了Pb［(Zr052Ti048)095(Mn1/3Nb2/3)005］O3 (PMnN_PZT) 铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应,结果显示在高频和室温条件下测试铁电特性时,电滞回线呈现“束腰”形状,而不是通常所看到的方形回线 . 在低频和高温条件下测试时才能观察到正常的方形回线,同时,诸如矫顽场、极化强度、 内偏场这些重要的铁电参数也会随频率和温度发生显著的变化. 剩余极化强度随频率和温度 的大幅增长表明“束腰” 电滞回线有可能是由于缺陷偶极子引起的. 电滞回线形状与温度 和频率存在较强的相关性说明缺陷偶极子存在一特征弛豫时间,缺陷偶极子反转响应速度由 此弛豫时间决定. 关键词： 电滞回线 氧空位 频率响应 温度响应     

外场作用下铁电/铁磁双层膜的极化磁化性质

建立了铁电/铁磁双层膜模型,铁电层的电矩用连续标量描述,而铁磁层的自旋应用经典矢量描述.利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了体系的热力学性质和极化、磁化行为.给出了零场下体系的内能、比热、极化和磁化随温度变化的关系,并分别研究了体系在外磁场和外电场下的极化和磁化行为.模拟结果表明,双层膜体系的内能、比热、极化和磁化性质因层间耦合系数的不同而明显不同,当界面耦合较弱时,双层膜表现出各自的热力学性质,当层间耦合增强到一定程度时,双层膜耦合为一个整体,表现出统一的热力学性质.该双层膜在外场中形成电滞回线和磁滞回线,并表现出偏置特性,界面耦合强度和温度影响滞后回线和偏置现象.     

The kinetic characteristics of polarization of relaxor ferroelectrics

SBN crystals doped with rare-earth metal ions were studied to show that relaxor ferroelectrics had pronounced anomalies, which manifested themselves by the noncoincidence of the trajectories of the first several cycles of dielectric hysteresis loops, the absence of an unambiguous coercive field, and other special features of the kinetics of polarization. These anomalies were related to structural disorder of the crystals and a random internal electric field distribution and could only be observed in constant and quasi-static electric fields. A phenomenological analysis of the thermal activation stages of polarization relaxation was performed. The spectra of the energy distribution of potential barriers were reproduced in the approximation of their independence. Electric conductivity was shown to play an important role in the formation of giant barriers.     

Monte Carlo simulation on dielectric relaxation and dipole cluster state in relaxor ferroelectrics

The Ginzburg--Landau theory on ferroelectrics with random field induced by dipole defects is studied by using Monte Carlo simulation, in order to investigate the dipole configuration and the dielectric relaxation of relaxor ferroelectrics. With the increase of random field, the dipole configuration evolves from the long-range ferroelectric order into the coexistence of short-range dipole-clusters and less polarized matrix. The dipole-cluster phase above the transition temperature and superparaelectric fluctuations far below this temperature are identified for the relaxor ferroelectrics. We investigate the frequency dispersion and the time-domain spectrum of the dielectric relaxation, demonstrating the Vogel--Fulcher relationship and the multi-peaked time-domain distribution of the dielectric relaxation.     

Rochelle salt in an inhomogeneous electric field

The parameters of the hysteresis loop in the ferroelectric Rochelle salt were investigated using a sample with two pairs of electrodes: measurement electrodes and the side ones. It has been shown that the difference between the potentials of the measurement and the side electrodes (generating an inhomogeneous electric field) leads to gradual decay in time t of the remanent polarization P_r. The time required for the hysteresis loop to disappear in the inhomogeneous electric field (not parallel to the ferroelectric axis) decreases with temperature increase from 44±3 h at – 9°C to 2.3±0.1 h at 21.9 °C. On the other hand, the crystal placed for a sufficiently long time simultaneously in the measuring electric field and in the constant inhomogeneous one may finally exhibit a stationary hysteresis loop with a reduced remanent polarization and the unchanged coercive field. It has been shown that the crystal as a whole does not have to be polarized perpendicularly to the ferroelectric axis in order for its hysteresis loop to be reduced.     

Polarization Mechanism in Filled Tungsten Bronze Ba_4Eu_2Ti_4Nb_6O_(30) with Pinched P-E Hysteresis Loops

Pinched P-E hysteresis loops have been observed in filled tungsten bronze Ba_4Eu_2Ti_4Nb_6O_(30),indicating the presence of novel polarization mechanisms.We investigate the evolution of polar order in filled tungsten bronze Ba_4Eu_2Ti_4Nb_6O_(30),together with its dielectric properties over a wide temperature range,from 50 K to 773 K.The temperature dependences of the dielectric properties exhibit two low-temperature dielectric relaxations,at around 300 K(P1),and 100 K(P2),and a high temperature peak at 588 K with no frequency dispersion,indicating the ferroelectric transition temperature T_c.Pinched P-E loops are observed in the temperature range between the low temperature relaxation at P1,and the ferroelectric transition.On cooling,the pinched P-E hysteresis loops open gradually,with increasing remnant polarization(Pr).Two pairs of reversal electric fields indicate two types of polar reversal mechanisms,with an activated energy of 1.41 eV(E_1),and 0.94 eV(E_2),respectively.One corresponds to the field-induced transition from a nonpolar to a polar state,which dominates at a high temperature close to T_c,while the other relates to the reversal of ferroelectric domains which stabilize gradually on cooling.At temperatures below 300 K,the polarization exhibits an evident decrease,probably related to the disruption of the polar order due to the dielectric relaxation at P1.     

Slow polarization processes in relaxor ferroelectrics

The general features of the slow polarization kinetics in relaxor ferroelectrics, observed and studied by us in the specific example of crystals of barium-strontium niobate (SBN) solid solutions of various compositions and of lead magnesium niobate (PMN), are considered. The dielectric hysteresis loops and spectra of the polarization relaxation time distribution in quasi-static and static electric fields were found to reveal characteristic anomalies related to a random internal electric field in the bulk of a relaxor ferroelectric. Such a field caused by structural disorder accounts for the anomalously broad spectrum of potential barriers for domain walls. The part played by free charge carriers in the formation of giant barriers is demonstrated. The paper presents some quantitative data characterizing the specific features of the structure and physical properties of the relaxors.     

SrBi4Ti4O15的化学键性质和铁电性研究

通过原子环境计算方法分析了正交相SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅晶体内的键络结构、各原子的空间配位数及局域团簇结构. 在此基础上, 结合晶体分解理论将SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅晶体分解为多个二元赝晶体, 根据化学键介电理论计算得到各赝晶体所对应化学键的有效价电子密度、离子性等化学键性质. 通过键偶极矩建立了铁电体自发极化强度与化学键性质之间的关系, 求得正交相SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅沿a轴方向的自发极化强度为28.03 μC/cm², 与实验结果和其他理论计算值符合较好.     

37BiScO_3-63PbTiO_3铁电陶瓷的极化翻转行为研究

在正弦电场E=E0sin(2πft)加载下,通过改变电场E0(5—55kV/cm)和频率f(0.1—100Hz),测量了37BiScO3-63PbTiO3铁电陶瓷材料的电滞回线.数据拟合结果表明:在低电场和高电场阶段,剩余极化强度Pr的对数和矫顽场强Ec的对数都与电场强度E0的对数存在线性关系,而介于高电场与低电场之间则无线性关系存在,这种三阶段行为有别于现有的两阶段行为.这可归结于铁电陶瓷在不同的电场作用下铁电极化机理的不同.     

Ferroelectric Properties of Polycrystalline Ceramics with Dipolar Defect Simulated from the Potts--Ising Model

Physical properties of polycrystailine ferroelectrics including the contributions of the fixed dipolar defects and the average grain size in the Potts-Ising model are simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. Domain pattern, hysteresis loop and switching current of the polarization reversal process are obtained. Two processes are considered in our simulation. In the first one, the grain texture of ferroelectric ceramics are produced from the Ports model, and then the Ising model is implemented in the obtained polycrystailine texture to produce the domain pattern, hysteresis loop and switching current. It is concluded that the defect has the ability to decrease the remnant polarization P~ as well as the coercive field E~. The back switching is obviously observed after the electric field is off, and it shows some variation after introducing the fixed dipolar defect. Meanwhile, the spike of the switching current is found to lower with the increasing defect concentration and the decreasing average grain size.