三维集成成像显示系统分辨率的测试模型设计

建立了三维集成成像显示系统的分辨率测试模型,对模型所采用的形状、比例和条纹宽度等进行设计研究.首先,根据集成成像技术多角度拍摄测试模型得到视差图;然后,根据二维分辨率测试卡的测试方法对视差图清晰度线进行标定;最后,计算视差图得到合成图像并显示到集成成像系统上,测试得到系统重构三维物体的分辨率.实验结果表明:该设计支持观察者测试不同角度、不同深度的显示分辨率,量化了集成成像显示系统分辨率.模型包含8级分辨率清晰度线,基本满足当前三维显示系统分辨率的测试范围,可用于测量集成成像显示系统的重构景深和视场角.     

基于人眼视觉的集成成像三维显示分辨率的比较

为了对不同集成成像系统三维显示应用中的视觉分辨效果进行表征, 提出了一种基于人眼视觉的集成成像三维显示分辨率的分析比较方法. 通过分析集成成像三维显示系统的分辨率与人眼在最佳显示观看距离下分辨本领的关系, 定义了相对分辨率参数, 分析了其与集成成像三维显示实际观看时视觉分辨效果的关系. 研究结果表明, 透镜阵列的大小对集成成像三维显示的视觉分辨效果有重要的影响. 针对两个系统实例的理论计算结果表明, 系统间的相对分辨率参数差异是传统分辨率差异的1.75倍, 实验结果与理论分析一致. 该研究方法对三维显示分辨率的评价有一定的指导意义.     

增大全息光学元件集成成像显示离屏距离的方法

为了提升全息光学元件集成成像3D显示的离屏距离,提出了一种采用计算全息波前设计,对集成成像显示时的每个像素发散角进行精细的调控,来实现增大3D显示的离屏距离的方法。通过对设计波前进行计算机仿真得到了66.0 mm的连续3D景深,基于空间光调制器的光学重建实验实现了140.0 mm的集成成像离屏距离和75.0 mm的连续景深3D显示。该方法可以为基于全息光学元件的集成成像3D显示提供一种很好的离屏、3D分辨率增强和景深增强解决方案。     

用于曲面集成成像的微透镜数值孔径优化

针对目前集成成像3D显示系统存在视场角范围小以及重构图像分辨率低的问题,设计一种适用于曲面集成成像3D显示且具有不同数值孔径的柔性微透镜阵列结构,并成功搭建基于曲面屏的集成成像3D显示系统。采用Trace Pro光学仿真软件建立曲面集成成像3D显示系统模型,研究微透镜的数值孔径对曲面集成成像3D显示系统重构性能的影响规律。结果表明：当微透镜尺寸和厚度一定时,数值孔径越大,重构图像的质量越好,且视场角越大;当柔性微透镜阵列的数值孔径为0.376时,重构图像具有较高的分辨率,当视场角达到60°时,重构图像依然清晰。为了验证仿真,制备具有不同数值孔径的柔性微透镜阵列并搭建曲面集成成像系统样机,得到的实验结果与仿真结果基本一致。     

基于双重体光栅的波导显示系统视场扩展研究

体全息波导显示系统的视场角受限于光栅衍射响应带宽,无法满足人们对大视场显示的需求。为扩展波导显示视场角,基于严格耦合波理论模型分析了波导显示视场角的影响因素,进一步提出了一种可有效扩展衍射响应带宽的双重体光栅波导结构,通过变角度分次曝光法完成光栅制备,并搭建全息波导显示系统。成像结果表明,该显示系统的水平和竖直视场角可分别扩展至33.4°和22.6°,对角线视场角为40.3°。     

基于变形目镜和OLED的全景周视成像与显示技术

在车载、舰载等运动载体或单兵警戒值守等狭窄空间,传统显示方法难以兼顾显示视场与显示分辨率。针对该问题,本文研究了一种基于变形目镜的全景/周视成像技术与系统。系统采用3路低照度摄像机+4 mm焦距镜头,构成150°左右的全景成像视场,基于FPGA处理平台完成全景图像解析、拼接、校正和显示等算法,实现视频图像大视场拼接与1/3缩放实时显示;由OLED微显示器、变形目镜组和大目镜组成的显示系统使视频图像横向扩大3倍,实时显示全景高分辨动态场景图像。实验系统对全景成像显示技术进行了验证,在军用和民用领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

变焦光学系统的景/焦深延拓及其分析

变焦光学系统在连续变焦过程中,由于变焦曲线的计算和加工精度,导致实际像面离焦,成像质量下降。变焦系统的特点是长焦距对应窄视场,短焦距对应宽视场。将波前编码技术应用于变焦系统,在系统的光瞳面设置相位掩模,则扩展了原系统的焦深和景深,使调制传递函数对离焦不敏感,同时提高短焦距宽视场的边缘成像质量。文章对原系统和应用波前编码技术的新系统的成像特性进行了分析和对比,随后讨论了掩模板的相位因子对系统的景深、焦深延拓以及对像质的稳定作用。仿真显示:变焦波前编码光学系统对离焦不敏感,可以很好地扩大系统的焦深和景深、稳定边缘视场的像质,具有很高的实用价值。     

用于集成成像3D显示的曲面微透镜阵列设计与仿真

针对集成成像3D显示观看视场范围小的问题和微透镜之间间隙的杂散光干扰导致的显示质量下降问题,提出了适合柔性显示及曲面显示器的曲面针孔/微透镜阵列结构.采用TracePro光学仿真软件对基于曲面针孔/微透镜阵列的集成成像3D显示的记录和重构过程进行仿真,结果显示:在记录和重构阶段,曲面针孔/微透镜阵列可以有效地减少透镜阵列之间杂散光引起的图像质量变差的问题;当记录和重构阶段均用曲面/针孔微透镜阵列时,记录三维物体的视角大,获得重构图像的视场角也相对较高.采用旋转接收屏法获取不同观看视角下的图像质量,当曲面针孔/微透镜阵列的曲面度数为30°时,重构图像质量最好.     

可调焦胶囊内窥镜光学系统设计

为解决胶囊内窥镜分辨率与景深相互制约的问题,将一种单液体、电控、可变焦液体透镜应用到内窥镜光学系统中进行光学设计,在保证分辨率的同时,扩大了系统景深.采用CODE V软件进行设计,建立系统初始结构,构造液体透镜模型,基于液体透镜中液体的体积不变,曲率、孔径和厚度可变的结构约束特点,在MATLAB中计算出不同物距下透镜的曲率、孔径和厚度数据,将其导入CODE V的系统模型中,并提出了相应的优化流程.设计并优化带有液体透镜的胶囊内窥镜系统,实现了系统在3~100mm景深范围内的清晰成像,视场角大于110°,全视场范围内调制传递函数在40lp/mm频率下均大于0.3.     

基于双层微透镜阵列的移动视差式立体显示屏

受限于微透镜的数值孔径和像差问题,目前移动视差式立体显示屏存在多视场空间、视场区之间存在视场跳变、主视场空间角度小、显示效果模糊等问题.本文基于离散采样思想,分析了移动视差型三维显示系统的工作机理,结合加工工艺,设计了复合曲面反射层的双层微透镜阵列屏.仿真结果表明:所设计显示屏的视场观看空间角可提升到60°,相对于传统的三维显示屏,双层微结构显示屏可有效提高视场角和显示性能.     

Improved viewing resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging by use of nonstationary micro-optics

We propose the use of synchronously moving micro-optics (lenslet arrays) for image pickup and display in three-dimensional integral imaging to overcome the upper resolution limit imposed by the Nyquist sampling theorem. With the proposed technique, we show experimentally that the viewing resolution can be improved without reducing the three-dimensional viewing aspect of the reconstructed image.     

Effect of thickness of parallax barrier on viewing angle of one-dimensional integral imaging display

A parameter design of a parallax barrier is one of the most important keys to design a one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display using parallax barrier. The relationship between the thickness of the parallax barrier and the viewing angle of the 1DII display is studied, and the maximal value of the thickness is also obtained. When the thickness of the parallax barrier is greater than the maximal value, the viewing angle of the 1DII display is decreased with increasing the thickness of the parallax barrier. A prototype of the 1DII display using parallax barrier is developed, and the experimental results agree well with the theory.     

Three-dimensional display with a long viewing distance by use of integral photography

We developed a technique of three-dimensional (3-D) display for distant viewing of a 3-D image without the need for special glasses. The photobased integral photography (IP) method allows precise 3-D images to be displayed at long viewing distances without any influence from deviated or distorted lenses in a lens array. We calculate elemental images from a referential viewing area for each lens and project the corresponding result images to photographic film through each lens. We succeed in creating an image display that appears to have three dimensionality even when viewed from a distance, with an image depth of 5.7 m or more in front of the display and 3.5 m or more behind the display. To the best of our knowledge, the long-distance IP display presented here is technically unique because it is the first report of generation of an image with such a long viewing distance.     

Progress of three-dimensional light-field display [Invited]

In this review, the principle and the optical methods for light-field display are introduced. The light-field display is divided into three categories, including the layer-based method, projector-based method, and integral imaging method. The principle, characteristic, history, and advanced research results of each method are also reviewed.The advantages of light-field display are discussed by comparing it with other display technologies including binocular stereoscopic display, volumetric three-dimensional display, and holographic display.     

One-dimensional integral imaging based on parallax barrier

One-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) which only has horizontal disparity is a practical solution of high resolution in the vertical direction, low-cost, easy-viewable three-dimensional (3D) display. A 1DII based on a parallax barrier is proposed in this paper. The 1DII consists of a parallax barrier and a display panel. The operation principle and parameter calculation of the 1DII are described in detail. Two prototypes of the proposed 1DII and conventional 1DII based on a lenticular lens array are developed. The proposed 1DII improves the quality of the 3D image and provides larger viewing angle than that based on a lenticular lens array, and it is simpler and has lower cost than that based on a lenticular lens array.     

All-around holographic three-dimensional light field display

Technology for all-around holographic three-dimensional (3D) light field display is proposed in this paper. A plane mirror keeps rotating around the optical axis. At each angular position, the mirror-image's Fourier CGH of the target object is projected onto the mirror. The reflected CGH contributes a specific viewing angle range to the target object. Linking up all viewing angle ranges in the horizontal plane, all-around display can be realized via the “afterimage” effect. An all-around holographic 3D light field display is implemented experimentally here with a 60 Hz SLM by introducing an observer tracking unit in the proposed display system.     

Depth-enhanced integral imaging system with convex and composite concave micro-lens arrays

A depth-enhanced integral imaging system is proposed by using a convex micro-lens array and a composite concave micro-lens array. The convex-micro-lens array is used to provide a virtual elemental image array for the composite concave micro-lens array. The composite concave micro-lens array which has two focal lengths is used to display integral images with the virtual elemental image array. Compared with the conventional integral imaging, the proposed system can form the 3D image around two image planes with viewing angle being enhanced remarkably. The principle of the enhancement of the image depth is explained in detail and the experimental results are presented.     

Aberration improvement of the floating 3D display system based on Tessar array and directional diffuser screen

The floating 3D display system based on Tessar array and directional diffuser screen is proposed. The directional diffuser screen can smoothen the gap of lens array and make the 3D image’s brightness continuous. The optical structure and aberration characteristics of the floating three-dimensional (3D) display system are analyzed. The simulation and experiment are carried out, which show that the 3D image quality becomes more and more deteriorative with the further distance of the image plane and the increasing viewing angle. To suppress the aberrations, the Tessar array is proposed according to the aberration characteristics of the floating 3D display system. A 3840?×?2160 liquid crystal display panel (LCD) with the size of 23.6 inches, a directional diffuser screen and a Tessar array are used to display the final 3D images. The aberrations are reduced and the definition is improved compared with that of the display with a single-lens array. The display depth of more than 20 cm and the viewing angle of more than 45° can be achieved.     

Three-dimensional integral imaging with large depth of focus by use of real and virtual image fields

We present an integral imaging method to enhance the depth of a three-dimensional image by displaying it throughout real and virtual image fields. When the product of depth and resolution square of the displayed three-dimensional image is used as a figure of merit in integral imaging systems, our method can maximize this merit especially when three-dimensional images with large depth of focus are displayed. The feasibility of our method is experimentally demonstrated by generation of elemental images by a computer.