一种基于小波分析的小目标检测算法

红外小目标检测技术由于其重要的军事意义成为研究热点。根据目标、噪声和背景边缘在小波域的不同特点,提出一种基于小波分析的红外小目标检测算法。该算法利用小波对奇异信号强有力的分析能力,消除了噪声和背景边缘对小目标检测的干扰,实现目标的检出。仿真实验证明该方法对红外图像中的小目标有比较理想的检测效果。     

一种复杂海天背景下红外弱小目标检测算法

红外弱小目标的检测是红外搜索跟踪系统(IRST)中的一项关键技术,常用的目标检测算法存在受海杂波严重、虚警率较高等问题,分析了海天背景下红外图像的背景、小目标的特征,提出了一种海杂波背景下的红外小目标检测算法。首先统计图像的行均值和梯度,用最小二乘法拟合出海天线,然后利用形态学算子抑制图像背景,并采用自适应阈值将图像二值化,最后分析图像的梯度特征,抑制海杂波和云层的干扰。实验结果表明,该方法能精确地提取海天线,稳定地提取海天背景下的弱小目标,虚警率低于5%,目标检测概率超过97%。     

融合全卷积神经网络和视觉显著性的红外小目标检测

为提高复杂背景和噪声干扰下红外小目标检测性能,提出了融合深度神经网络和视觉目标显著性的单阶段红外小目标检测算法.首先设计了基于编码器-解码器架构的轻量级全卷积神经网络对红外图像进行分割,实现背景抑制和目标增强;然后利用红外小目标的显著性特征进一步抑制虚警;最后采用自适应阈值法分离出小目标.网络结构中通过引入多个下采样层降低计算量并增大感受野;通过引入多尺度特征提升背景抑制能力;通过引入注意力机制提升模型训练效果.在真实红外图像上的测试表明,本文算法在检测率、虚警率和运算时间等方面都优于典型红外小目标检测算法,适合进行复杂背景下的红外小目标检测.     

基于运动模糊复原技术的红外弱小目标检测方法EI北大核心CSCD

在红外对空探测系统中,由于探测器时刻处于运动状态使得目标图像产生剧烈的运动模糊,给红外小目标检测造成困难。为了解决运动模糊条件下红外小目标检测的问题,提出将运动模糊复原技术和图像增强技术引入红外探测系统。先将探测器采集到的原始图像经过维纳滤波,对运动模糊进行处理并抑制噪声干扰,再利用梯度法对处理后的图像做锐化处理,增强目标边缘。实验验证和仿真分析结果都表明,该方法运动模糊复原效果明显,并在一定程度上抑制了噪声,提高了目标对比度,使目标在背景中更加凸显,并且能够显著提高目标图像质量。引入的评价参数峰值信噪比和均方差表现良好,该方法可以增强探测系统的使用性能。     

基于运动模糊复原技术的红外弱小目标检测方法

在红外对空探测系统中,由于探测器时刻处于运动状态使得目标图像产生剧烈的运动模糊,给红外小目标检测造成困难。为了解决运动模糊条件下红外小目标检测的问题,提出将运动模糊复原技术和图像增强技术引入红外探测系统。先将探测器采集到的原始图像经过维纳滤波,对运动模糊进行处理并抑制噪声干扰,再利用梯度法对处理后的图像做锐化处理,增强目标边缘。实验验证和仿真分析结果都表明,该方法运动模糊复原效果明显,并在一定程度上抑制了噪声,提高了目标对比度,使目标在背景中更加凸显,并且能够显著提高目标图像质量。引入的评价参数峰值信噪比和均方差表现良好,该方法可以增强探测系统的使用性能。     

一种有效的红外小目标检测方法

提出了一种基于中值滤波与梯度法的红外小目标检测方法.该方法首先通过中值滤波对红外图像进行平滑处理,接着采用背景差分技术将原始图像与经过中值滤波后的图像进行差分对消.在此基础上,再使用梯度锐化法对残差图像进行边缘信息的增强.最后,利用二值化处理凸显出目标点.该方法通过中值滤波与梯度法的互补效应实现了红外小目标的有效检测,仿真实验结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

利用改进型AAGD算法的红外小目标检测

针对红外目标检测中小目标检测精度较低的问题,提出了一种利用改进型平均绝对灰度差(AAGD)算法的红外小目标检测。针对AAGD算法的缺点,在其基础上,融合灰度与显著性特征,用于核相关滤波器,以解决红外目标特征简单且信息量少的问题;提出一种自适应双滑动窗口,针对不同区域调节聚合窗口形状及像素点权重,以实现高强度结构背景附近的机动目标的匹配,提高小目标检测的准确度;利用MATLAB仿真平台对所提方法进行实验论证,结果表明,所提方法能够在噪声、高强度锐利边缘和结构背景等复杂图像中准确检测出小目标,且其准确度、稳定性、执行时间等方面均优于其他对比方法。     

一种云天背景下单帧红外弱小目标检测新方法

针对复杂背景下单帧红外图像中的弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种级联的改进Asymmetric AdaBoost算法。该算法通过提取红外小目标梯度对比度、邻域灰度分布等多个有效特征,充分利用多个红外特征的互补作用,对Asym-metric AdaBoost在仿真中出现的问题进行了相应的改进。通过对实测数据进行仿真,结果表明该方法达到了高检测概率和低虚警率,能有效地检测红外弱小目标。     

多量级多向梯度海空复杂背景红外弱点目标检测

由于红外图像一般带有较大的噪声，采用传统的目标检测方法效果不理想。本文提出了一种新的海空背景下受强杂波和噪声污染的红外图像弱点目标检测算法。用多个量级梯度对图像目标进行检测，并对检测的结果进行了表决融合。结果表明，基于表决融合的多量级多向梯度检测消除了云层、海浪和海天线等背景干扰，在实现高检测概率的同时，不仅可以达到较低的虚警概率，而且可检测信杂比为1的点目标。     

各向异性的红外背景预测方法

为了减少红外图像中起伏背景对弱小目标检测的影响,提出一种各向异性的红外背景预测方法。根据红外图像目标区域和平稳背景区域、起伏背景区域的局部梯度特性的差异,引入各向异性微分的思想,并将其边缘停止函数改进为方向梯度值的递增函数,然后用边缘停止函数最小两个方向值的均值作为背景预测值,实现了对不同方向特性背景区域的差异化预测。仿真实验表明,该算法选择性地保留了红外图像的平稳背景和起伏背景区域,达到了良好的背景预测效果。     

Detection of infrared small target based on fusion of multi-filters北大核心CSCD

Aiming at solving accuracy problem of infrared small target detection in sky and ocean background scenarios of infrared image sequences, a novel infrared small target detection based on multi-filters algorithm fusion method is presented in this paper. Firstly infrared small target and imaging, time and space characteristics of the corresponding background noise are analyzed. Tophat algorithm with improved Robinson guard filter are then integrated to highlight target and suppress clutter background by using infrared small target imaging features. Adaptive threshold segmentation is used to extract candidate targets, while Unger smoothing filter and multi-objects association filter are used to eliminate random noise and false targets in the candidate targets. Multiple experiments of infrared small target image sequences are implemented, and experimental results show that proposed method can detect infrared small targets at 99% detection rate with high reliability and good real-time performance. © 2017, Editorial Board, Journal of Applied Optics. All right reserved.     

A robust infrared dim target detection method based on template filtering and saliency extraction

Dim target detection in infrared image with complex background and low signal-clutter ratio (SCR) is a significant and difficult task in the infrared target tracking system. A robust infrared dim target detection method based on template filtering and saliency extraction is proposed in this paper. The weighted gray map is obtained from the infrared image to highlight the target which is brighter than its neighbors and has weak correlation with its background. The target saliency map is then calculated by phase spectrum of Fourier Transform, so that the dim target detection could be converted to salient region extraction. The potential targets are finally extracted by combining the two maps. Moreover, position discrimination between targets in the two maps is used to exclude the false alarms and extract the targets. Experimental results on measured images indicate that our method is feasible, adaptable and robust in different backgrounds. The ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves obtained from the simulated images demonstrate the proposed method outperforms some existing typical methods in both detection rate and false alarm rate, for target detection with low SCR.     

Hybrid multi-resolution detection of moving targets in infrared imagery

A hybrid moving target detection approach in multi-resolution framework for thermal infrared imagery is presented. Background subtraction and optical flow methods are widely used to detect moving targets. However, each method has some pros and cons which limits the performance. Conventional background subtraction is affected by dynamic noise and partial extraction of targets. Fast independent component analysis based background subtraction is efficient for target detection in infrared image sequences; however the noise increases for small targets. Well known motion detection method is optical flow. Still the method produces partial detection for low textured images and also computationally expensive due to gradient calculation for each pixel location. The synergistic approach of conventional background subtraction, fast independent component analysis and optical flow methods at different resolutions provide promising detection of targets with reduced time complexity. The dynamic background noise is compensated by the background update. The methodology is validated with benchmark infrared image datasets as well as experimentally generated infrared image sequences of moving targets in the field under various conditions of varying illumination, ambience temperature and the distance of the target from the sensor location. The significant value of F-measure validates the efficiency of the proposed methodology with high confidence of detection and low false alarms.     

小目标红外图像背景噪声的抑制及方法讨论

提取复杂背景条件下目标红外信号的方法有很多,而采用背景噪声抑制的方法是检测目标红外信号的一种有效方法。介绍了抑制小目标红外图像背景噪声的三种方法：空域高通滤波法、频域高通滤波法和自适应门限背景抑制法,并对各种方法的抑制结果进行了验证与分析。     

红外运动小目标的检测

通过分析天空背景下红外运动小目标、噪音以及背景的特征,提出一种检测方法·首先利用向量小波变换对运动图像进行预处理;其次采用图像差分进行目标的粗检测,提取出候选目标;最后可根据运动目标和噪音的特征对候选目标进行识别,检测出真实的运动小目标·实验证明,该方法可有效检测天空背景下红外运动小目标·     

A novel infrared small target detection method based on BEMD and local inverse entropy

Compared to other targets, it is more difficult to detect infrared small targets due to several aspects such as the low signal to noise ratio, low contrast, small size, the lack of shape and texture information of the targets, especially under complex background. In this paper, a novel infrared small target detection method based on peer group filter (PGF), bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and local inverse entropy (LIE) is proposed to overcome these difficulties. The PGF is implemented to remove the noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial image. Our proposed BEMD algorithm is able to estimate the background effectively and get the target image by removing the background from the original image and segmenting the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) making use of the local inverse entropy. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel method can extract the small targets validly and accurately.     

基于回形窗的弱小多目标图像分割方法

提出一种红外弱小多目标图像分割方法,用一个回形窗口和对比度阈值分割图像.对天空背景下低信噪比的红外弱小多目标图像序列能够有效的分割,抑制噪音干扰.将该方法与传统的图像分割方法做了比较,并对用不同阈值,不同窗口分割时的分割结果进行了分析.实验表明,该算法在执行效率和检测概率上能够取得满意的结果.     

Principal curvature for infrared small target detection

Small target detection in infrared image with complex background and low signal–noise ratio is an important and difficult task in the infrared target tracking system. In this paper, a principal curvature-based method is proposed. The principal curvatures of target pixels are negative and their absolute values are larger than that of background pixels and noise pixels in a Gaussian-blurred infrared image. The proposed filter takes a composite function of the curvatures for detection. An approximate model is also built for optimizing the parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for infrared small target detection in complex background. Compared with several popular methods, the proposed algorithm demonstrates significant improvement on detection performance in terms of the parameters of signal clutter ratio gain, background suppression factor and ROC.     

基于运动方向估计的管道滤波算法

管道滤波算法提出了从时域角度解决弱小目标检测问题的思路,对于红外强起伏天空背景中弱点目标的检测问题,管道内强噪音的干扰以及低信噪比的条件会导致检测概率降低的情况出现.本文提出了一种运动方向估计的管道滤波算法,分析了红外弱点目标的运动特性,依据弱点目标在相邻帧间位置具有连贯性的特征,建立了弱点目标的运动方向估计模型.在模型中利用弱点目标逐帧检测的先验位置信息,估计弱点目标的运动方向和轨迹,根据估计结果去除管道内噪音对弱点目标的干扰.仿真结果表明,该方法能够很好地抑制管道内噪音的影响,提高弱点目标的检测概率,增强弱点目标抗管道内噪音干扰的能力.