自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降控制算法仿真与分析

随机并行梯度下降算法能不依赖波前传感器直接对系统性能进行优化。以32单元变形镜为校正器,采用随机并行梯度下降算法建立了自适应光学系统仿真模型。通过分析该系统对静态波前畸变的校正能力,验证了随机并行梯度下降算法的收敛性;讨论了算法增益系数、随机扰动幅度与收敛速度的关系,并指出通过算法增益系数的自适应调整可以改进算法的收敛速度。     

自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降控制算法实验研究

随机并行梯度下降算法是一种极具应用潜力的自适应光学系统控制算法,具有不依赖波前传感器直接对系统性能指标进行优化的特点。基于32单元变形镜、CCD成像器件等建立自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降控制算法实验平台。考察算法增益系数和扰动幅度对校正效果和收敛速度的影响,验证随机并行梯度下降算法的基本原理。实验结果表明参量选取合适的情况下,随机并行梯度下降控制算法对静态或慢变化的畸变波前具有较好的校正能力。根据实验结果分析了影响随机并行梯度下降算法校正速度的主要因素。     

自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降算法

随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法可以对系统性能指标直接优化来校正畸变波前。对基于SPGD算法的61单元自适应光学系统进行仿真模拟,分析了对不同初始静态畸变波前的校正能力,并比较了不同性能指标情况下的算法增益系数、扰动幅度值的选取及校正情况。仿真结果表明:算法收敛速度很大程度上依赖于增益系数和扰动幅度值,对畸变较大的波前,随机扰动幅度在0.50~0.85范围内,性能指标采用焦斑平均半径比采用斯特列尔比取得的校正效果好。     

基于Zernike模式的自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降算法

 控制算法的收敛速度一定程度上限制了无波前探测自适应光学技术在实时波前畸变校正中的应用。从理论分析角度提出将模式法和区域法结合起来以提高算法收敛速度,并以61单元变形镜为校正器,建立基于随机并行梯度下降算法自适应光学系统仿真模型。结果表明：达到同样的校正效果时,采用组合优化的算法收敛速度要明显优于基于区域法的收敛速度,从而验证了理论分析的合理性。     

基于随机并行梯度下降算法自适应光学系统的校正残差分析

对自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降控制的校正残差进行了分析。通过对随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法校正静态像差的数值模拟,定标出了算法收敛时间与系统变形镜校正单元数的关系。建立了基于随机并行梯度下降算法自适应光学系统的简化控制模型,根据湍流大气的时间功率谱,推导了算法收敛时间与校正残差之间的解析表达式。结果表明,采用N个校正单元的自适应光学系统补偿Greenwood频率大小为f_G的大气湍流带来的动态像差,为保证校正残差σ~2λ/10,随机并行梯度下降算法的迭代速率需大于86 Nf_G。根据一组典型的计算结果指出了自适应光学系统随机并行梯度下降控制作用距离的有限性。     

基于改进型SPGD算法的涡旋光波前畸变校正

涡旋光束经过大气湍流时,其波前会发生畸变,因此需要对畸变的波前进行校正。无波前传感器的波前畸变校正系统基于随机并行梯度下降算法,可以实现对波前畸变的校正,但算法的收敛速度及稳定性受随机扰动电压的影响。结合深度学习理论中改进的梯度下降算法,对随机并行梯度下降算法中随机扰动电压的迭代方式进行调整,并分析不同湍流强度下改进型算法的校正效果。仿真结果表明:在弱湍流条件下,需优先选择基于RMSprop的改进型算法;而在中等湍流和强湍流条件下则需要结合实际需求从算法的稳定性、性能评价函数大小以及收敛速度等方面考虑,选择合适的校正算法。     

基于分区域耦合的随机并行梯度下降自适应光学

基于随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)方法的自适应光学(AO)系统通过直接优化系统的性能评价函数来控制波前校正器以补偿光束中存在的波前畸变。为了提高这种无模型优化自适应光学系统的收敛速度, 提出了基于分区域耦合的新方法以改进传统随机并行梯度下降自适应光学系统的工作方式。将波前校正器光学孔径分成多块子区域, 每块子区域对应着的所有驱动器作为一个整体控制单元, 从形式上可以得到一个空间分辨率较低的分区域波前校正器。该校正器与原校正器同步工作, 并采用随机并行梯度下降算法对同一个性能评价函数进行优化, 从而构成了双校正器的耦合工作结构。对256单元分立活塞式波前校正器建立了自适应成像系统的数值模型, 结果表明这种分区域耦合的随机并行梯度下降自适应光学系统比传统随机并行梯度下降自适应光学系统具有更快的收敛速度和更好的渐近态。     

基于RUN优化算法的波前校正系统

将龙格-库塔优化器用于无波前探测自适应光学系统，提出基于RUN的自适应光学控制方法。以61单元变形镜为波前校正器件，不同湍流强度下的畸变波前为校正对象，建立基于RUN优化算法的自适应光学系统模型。对比分析基于RUN、PSO、DEA和GA等算法的波前校正效果、校正速度和局部极值。结果表明，相比基于粒子群优化算法、差分进化算法和遗传算法的自适应光学系统，在取得相同校正效果时，基于RUN优化算法的波前校正系统在不同湍流条件下的校正速度均提高三倍以上，且RUN算法不易陷入局部极值。研究结果可为基于RUN优化算法的波前校正系统的实际应用提供理论基础。     

点目标成像自适应光学随机并行梯度下降算法性能指标与收敛速度

在自适应光学中,随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法通过对系统的性能指标直接优化从而校正波前像差,具有很强的应用潜力.在点目标成像自适应光学系统中,SPGD算法经常采用强度分布平方和、平均半径和环围能量作为系统的性能指标进行优化.利用数值仿真分析了三种性能指标与畸变波前的均方根之间的关系.建立了一套实验平台,通过静态波前畸变校正实验,分析了SPGD算法采用以上三种不同的性能指标时的校正效果.实验结果与前面的数值仿真结果一致,表明SPGD取平均半径作为性能指标进行优化时效果较好.实验还分析了控制通道数目对收敛速度的影响.结果表明随着控制通道数目的增加性能指标曲线收敛所需的迭代次数显著增加,与驱动器个数的平方根之间存在一个近似的线性关系.     

基于正交模式扰动梯度下降算法的自适应光学控制技术

针对无波前探测自适应光学提出一种基于正交模式扰动梯度下降(OP_GD)算法的控制技术。通过与串行扰动梯度下降算法和随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法对比,分析了该算法的可行性和收敛速度。在此基础上,采用液晶空间光调制器(LC_SLM)作为波前校正器,建立了基于该控制技术的自适应光学实验装置,实验研究了算法的收敛特性。实验结果表明,正交模式扰动梯度下降算法具有很好的全局收敛性,其收敛速度和SPGD算法相当。但是与SPGD算法相比,正交模式扰动梯度下降算法无需设计伪随机序列发生器,因此硬件实现更加容易。     

Comparison of several stochastic parallel optimization algorithms for adaptive optics system without a wavefront sensor

Optimizing the system performance metric directly is an important method for correcting wavefront aberrations in an adaptive optics (AO) system where wavefront sensing methods are unavailable or ineffective. An appropriate “Deformable Mirror” control algorithm is the key to successful wavefront correction. Based on several stochastic parallel optimization control algorithms, an adaptive optics system with a 61-element Deformable Mirror (DM) is simulated. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Algorithm Of Pattern Extraction (Alopex) are compared in convergence speed and correction capability. The results show that all these algorithms have the ability to correct for atmospheric turbulence. Compared with least squares fitting, they almost obtain the best correction achievable for the 61-element DM. SA is the fastest and GA is the slowest in these algorithms. The number of perturbation by GA is almost 20 times larger than that of SA, 15 times larger than SPGD and 9 times larger than Alopex.     

随机并行梯度下降光束净化实验研究

利用自适应光学技术进行光束净化是高能激光系统中一项重要的研究内容.为实现光束净化系统的小型化和低成本,基于系统性能评价函数无模型最优化的波前畸变校正方法是适合的技术方案.就随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)最优化算法在光束净化系统中的应用展开研究.针对高能激光束常见的像差分布进行了SPGD波前校正的数值模拟,在此基础上构建了37单元自适应光学光束净化实验平台,讨论了双边扰动梯度估计和迭代增益系数自适应变化对算法收敛特性的影响.数值模拟与实验结果验证了SPGD算法对不同程度波前畸变的校正能力,表明了SPGD光束净化方案的可行性.     

Hybrid approach used for extended image-based wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics

The stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm is widely used in wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics(WSAO) systems. However, the convergence is relatively slow. Modal-based algorithms usually provide much faster convergence than SPGD; however, the limited actuator stroke of the deformable mirror(DM) often prohibits the sensing of higher-order modes or renders a closed-loop correction inapplicable. Based on a comparative analysis of SPGD and the DM-modal-based algorithm, a hybrid approach involving both algorithms is proposed for extended image-based WSAO, and is demonstrated in this experiment. The hybrid approach can achieve similar correction results to pure SPGD, but with a dramatically decreased iteration number.     

Correcting dynamic residual aberrations of conformal optical systems using AO technology

This paper analyses the dynamic residual aberrations of a conformal optical system and introduces adaptive optics (AO) correction technology to this system. The image sharpening AO system is chosen as the correction scheme. Communication between MATLAB and Code V is established via ActiveX technique in computer simulation. The SPGD algorithm is operated at seven zoom positions to calculate the optimized surface shape of the deformable mirror. After comparison of performance of the corrected system with the baseline system, AO technology is proved to be a good way of correcting the dynamic residual aberration in conformal optical design.     

Adaptive optics correction based on stochastic parallel gradient descent technique under various atmospheric scintillation conditions: numerical simulation

An adaptive optics system utilizing a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and a deformable mirror can successfully correct a distorted wavefront by the conjugation principle. However, if a wave propagates over such a path that scintillation is not negligible, the appearance of branch points makes least-squares reconstruction fail to estimate the wavefront effectively. An adaptive optics technique based on the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) control algorithm is an alternative approach which does not need wavefront information but optimizes the performance metric directly. Performance was evaluated by simulating a SPGD control system and conventional adaptive correction with least-squares reconstruction in the context of a laser beam projection system. We also examined the relative performance of coping with branch points by the SPGD technique through an example. All studies were carried out under the conditions of assuming the systems have noise-free measurements and infinite time control bandwidth. Results indicate that the SPGD adaptive system always performs better than the system based on the least-squares wavefront reconstruction technique in the presence of relatively serious intensity scintillations. The reason is that the SPGD adaptive system has the ability of compensating a discontinuous phase, although the phase is not detected and reconstructed.