超音速等离子体炬的数值模拟

介绍了描述大气压下超音速等离子体炬内等离子体特性的磁流体力学模型，在二维近似下，对会聚-扩展型喷口等离子体炬进行了数值模拟，获得了等离子体炬内等离子体速度、温度、压力以及马赫数的分布.结果表明超音速等离子体炬内的流场特性可以分为亚音速、跨音速和超音速三个明显的区域. 关键词： 等离子体炬 磁流体力学 数值模拟     

直流电弧等离子体炬的特性研究

介绍了局部热力学平衡下描述直流电弧等离子体炬的磁流体力学模型，采用数值模拟方法研 究了等离子体炬内等离子体的传热和流动特性、湍流对等离子体炬内等离子体特性的影响， 以及等离子体炬运行参数对等离子体特性的影响.将数值模拟结果与已有的实验结果进行了 比较. 关键词： 等离子体炬 磁流体力学 数值模拟     

喷嘴结构对超音速凝结射流影响的数值研究

本文采用三维稳态的欧拉双流体模型,以自定义函数的形式在Ansys中嵌入基于热平衡的相变模型对超音速蒸汽在过冷水中稳定射流凝结的过程进行了数值模拟,对比模拟结果与实验结果的汽羽形状,发现二者吻合良好。当蒸汽入口压力为300 kPa,过冷水的温度为20℃,喷嘴喉部直径为8 mm,通过改变喷嘴出口直径为8.8、9.6、10.4、11.2以及12.0 mm.研究了喷嘴的压比对于超音速蒸汽射流凝结过程的汽羽形状影响,并且揭示了超音速蒸汽射流汽羽内部的流动过程。     

超音速等离子体点火过程的三维数值模拟

为了研究等离子体点燃超音速混合气流的过程,设计并验证了超音速燃烧室的三维计算模型,计算出了燃烧室等离子体点火时的流场参数和化学反应规律,分析了等离子体点火对燃烧室内燃烧的影响。计算结果表明:高温等离子体射流的滞止作用通过增加混合气在燃烧室内的停留时间提高了点火效率; 等离子体点火时燃烧区域的压力扩散比较充分,内部为压力相对平衡的低速流动; 高温等离子体射流高速射向混合气流时产生的速度矢量偏移扩大了点火面积,从而使点火效率得到提高; 氢气、空气燃烧的燃烧产物主要是水,燃烧区域局部温度主要受局部放热反应的影响。     

直流等离子体炬放电特性研究

对于磁约束直流等离子体炬,用氩－氢等离子体的放电体系,研究了等离子体炬几何结构、真空室气压、弧电流、外磁场与比变化等对等离子体炬放电特性的影响。得到了影响等离子体炬宏观和微观参数变化的一些基本规律。     

常压微波等离子体炬的模拟及硫化氢处理

对常压微波等离子体炬装置及H2S废气的处理进行了研究。介绍了一种具有特殊喷嘴结构的微波等离子体炬装置,模拟了不同喷嘴结构下谐振腔中微波电场的强度及分布,在此基础上,进行了H2S废气处理的实验研究。结果表明:采用新型喷嘴结构在喷嘴尖端产生的电场强度和分布更利于等离子体炬的激发,微波功率为500 W时,喷嘴尖端处的电场强度在1.5×106 V/m以上,远大于氩气的击穿电场强度,能有效地激发等离子体炬;当H2S气体与Ar气体流量比为10∶90,总流量为1000mL/min,微波功率为1000 W时,H2S的转化率最大达91.32%;大气微波等离子体炬能有效地处理H2S废气。实验结果证明了模拟结果的正确性和装置的有效性。     

基于MHD的磁射流抛光中流场的分析与模拟

从理论上分析了磁射流抛光中的磁场与流场的相互作用,构建了磁射流抛光的冲击射流模型,基于磁流体动力学对磁射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流进行数值模拟,得到了磁射流抛光过程的连续流场和射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度分布。通过比较射流抛光和磁射流抛光的数值计算结果,分析了磁流变效应对射流稳定性的影响,从射流的流场、速度、紊动强度等方面分析射流在磁场中稳定的原因。     

微束等离子体弧焊电弧物理特性多场耦合分析

根据磁流体动力学方程组，建立了微束等离子电弧模型，使用有限元分析软件COMSOL进行模拟计算。结果表明，电弧中心温度分布从钨针至焊件整体呈“毛笔”状，其中，喷嘴下方电弧形态呈“钟罩”形，在焊件上温度分布符合高斯分布特征；电弧等离子体在喷嘴内部速度较大，离开喷嘴后，其方向由喷嘴内的竖直向下逐渐变为到达工件时的向四周扩散；电流由焊件表面流出，经过弧柱区域流入钨针下端面，在钨针下端面附近取得最大值；电弧磁通密度分布呈“肺叶”状。最后进行了相应的熔焊试验，试验过程中拍摄的电弧轮廓与仿真电弧形态基本一致。     

超声速等离子体射流的数值模拟

基于可压缩的全Naiver-Stokes方程，利用PHOENICS程序对由会聚 辐射阳极形状等离子体炬产生的超声速等离子体射流进行了数值模拟.考虑了等离子体的黏性、可压缩性以及变物性对等离子体射流特性影响.研究了超声速等离子体射流的流场结构特性以及不同环境压力对等离子体射流产生激波结构的影响.结果表明，超声速等离子体射流在喷口附近形成的周期性激波结构是其和环境气体相互作用的结果. 关键词： 等离子体炬 超声速等离子体射流 PHOENICS     

小功率等离子体射流的流特性

采用焓探针对小功率(5kW)热喷涂等离子体射流的焓、温度和速度进行了测量和计算。研究了气体成分、流量、电弧电压和电流对等离子流体的焓、温度和速度分布的影响。结果表明，对于单一氩气等离子体，当使用新喷嘴时，增大氩气流量能够使喷嘴内部电弧弧根向出口方向移动，从而增加等离子体射流的焓、温度和速度。对于Ar-N2等离子体，增加气体中氮气的含量，会提高等离子电弧电压，在同样的输入功率下，改变等离子电流和电压对等离子体的焓、温度和速度影响较小。对于Ar-N2等离子体，增加氢气含量会明显地提高等离子射流的速度和热传递。     

Different configurations of transferred atmospheric pressure plasma jet and their application to polymer treatment

The employment of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) in a large sort of applications is limited by the adversities related to the size of the treated area and the difficulty to reach the target. The use of devices that employ long tubes in their structure has contributed significantly to overcome these challenges. In this work, two different plasma systems employing the jet transfer technique are compared. The main difference between the two devices is how the long plastic tube was assembled. The first one uses a copper wire placed inside a long plastic tube. The other device has a metallic mesh installed in a concentric arrangement between two coaxial plastic tubes. As a result, the two APPJ systems exhibit different properties, with the wire assembly being more powerful, also presenting higher values for the electrical current and rotational temperature when compared to the mesh mounting. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that both configurations were capable of inserting O-containing functional groups on the polypropylene (PP) surface. However, the transferred plasma jet with wire assembly was able to add more functional groups on the PP surface. The results from XPS analysis were corroborated with water contact angle measurements (WCA), being that lower WCA values were obtained when the PP surface presented higher amounts of O-containing groups. Furthermore, the results suggest that the APPJ with wire configuration is more appropriate for material treatments, while the transferred jet with mesh arrangement tends to present lower electrical current values, being more suitable for biological applications.     

Enhanced laser-induced plasma channels in air

Plasma is a significant medium in high-energy density physics since it can hardly be damaged. For some applications such as plasma based backward Raman amplification(BRA), uniform high-density and large-scale plasma channels are required. In the previous experiment, the plasma transverse diameter and density are 50–200 μm and 1–2 × 10~(19)cm~(-3),here we enhance them to 0.8 mm and 8 × 10~(19)cm~(-3), respectively. Moreover, the gradient plasma is investigated in our experiment. A proper plasma gradient can be obtained with suitable pulse energy and delay. The experimental results are useful for plasma physics and nonlinear optics.     

外加磁场微波等离子推力器内流场数值模拟

为了提高微波等离子推力器性能，改善等离子体对电磁波能量的吸收状况，提高核心区温度，提出外加磁场的方案，并对热等离子体进行了数值模拟.假设局域热平衡条件，采用Navier-Stokes，Maxwell和Saha方程，利用压力修正的半隐格式和时域有限差分求解方法，建立了径向磁镜场下推力器内等离子体流场的数值计算模型.数值模拟结果表明：外加磁场后的磁感应强度小于0.5 T时，推力器内热等离子体核心区最高温度随磁感应强度的增加而迅速提高.外加磁场后的磁感应强度大于0.5 T时，核心区最高温度随磁感应强度的增加而缓慢提高.磁感应强度为0.5 T时，热等离子体核心区最高温度与不加磁场相比提高了24%.外加磁场对等离子体流场速度分布影响不大. 关键词： 等离子体模拟 等离子体相互作用 等离子体流动     

The dielectric tensor and field equations in the inhomogeneous cold collisionless magnetized drift plasmas with elliptical cross sections

In this Letter the dielectric permittivity tensor and field equations in multi layer cold collisionless magnetized inhomogeneous drift plasma columns with confocal elliptical cross sections are investigated. It will be shown that the dielectric tensor of each region can be written as non-operational Hermitian and pure spatial operational parts.     

强光一号POS等离子体源性能参数测量

以强光一号等离子体源（电缆枪）为研究对象,采用电荷收集器（法拉第杯）对强光一号等离子体源性能参数进行测量。实验结果表明:等离子体发射密度与电缆等离子体枪枪芯到枪口的距离正相关,而发射速度与电缆等离子体枪枪芯到枪口的距离负相关;增大电缆枪驱动电压时,等离子体发射密度增速远小于驱动电流增速。重复性研究表明,对由数十支电缆枪组成的等离子体源而言,单支电缆枪放电分散性对其输出等离子体整体分布均匀性影响不大。不确定度分析表明,通过多次重复实验求平均值,可以有效减小实验结果的不确定度,发射密度测量结果的合成标准不确定度在10%以内。     

Dust Sheared Flow Driven Instability of Dust Drift Waves in a Nonuniform Magnetoplasma

We investigate instability of dust drift waves in a nonuniform dusty magnetoplasma containing transverse sheared plasma flow that is produced by a nonuniform electric field. By using Boltzmann distributed electrons and ions, Poisson’s equation, as well as the dust continuity equation with perpendicular guiding center dust drift speed, we derive an eigenvalue equation, which strongly depends on the profiles of dust sheared flow and dust density gradient. The eigenvalue equation is analytically solved to obtain expressions for the growth rate and threshold of a convective instability arising from resonant interactions between the dust drift waves and sheared flows. The result may be relevant to the understanding of short wavelength (in comparison with the ion gyroradius) electrostatic fluctuations in magnetized plasmas of Saturn rings and in cometary tails. PACS numbers: 52.27.Lw; 52.35.Fp     

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet utilizing Ar and Ar/H_2O mixtures and its applications to bacteria inactivation

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet generated with Ar with H2O vapor is characterized and applied to inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores. The emission spectra obtained from Ar/H2O plasma shows a higher intensity of OH radicals compared to pure argon at a specified H2O concentration. The gas temperature is estimated by comparing the simulated spectra of the OH band with experimental spectra. The excitation electron temperature is determined from the Boltzmann’s plots and Stark broadening of the hydrogen Balmer Hβline is applied to measure the electron density. The gas temperature, excitation electron temperature, and electron density of the plasma jet decrease with the increase of water vapor concentration at a fixed input voltage. The bacteria inactivation rate increases with the increase of OH generation reaching a maximum reduction at 2.6%(v/v) water vapor. Our results also show that the OH radicals generated by the Ar/H2O plasma jet only makes a limited contribution to spore inactivation and the shape change of the spores before and after plasma irradiation is discussed.     

Studies on the Plasma Shielding of 1.06μm Laser on the Aluminum Target

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Experimental observation of dust circulation in unmagnetized cogenerated dusty plasma

The vortex motion of a dust cloud was experimentally observed in unmagnetized cogenerated dusty plasma in different experimental parameters. Particle image velocimetry analysis demonstrated that several vortex zones exist in the dust cloud at relatively low pressures (0.06 mbar (or 6 Pa)–0.08 mbar (or 8 Pa)) and low discharge voltages (peak‐to‐peak voltage 540–560 V), whereas in relatively high pressure (0.4 mbar (or 40 Pa)–0.7 mbar (or 70 Pa)) and high discharge voltage (peak‐to‐peak voltage 690–740 V), dust vortices formed in dense dust cloud with background plasma fluctuation.     

激光等离子体光丝中太赫兹频谱的调控

研究了双色激光场激发空气成丝产生太赫兹辐射频谱的变化规律.实验观察到随驱动光功率和光丝长度增加,太赫兹光谱主要发生红移的现象.分析表明,由于等离子体密度的增加,太赫兹辐射的趋肤深度减小,等离子体吸收主导了红移的发生.在光丝足够短的条件下,趋肤深度远大于光丝长度,从而产生等离子体振荡主导的太赫兹辐射光谱蓝移.本研究为超快宽带太赫兹辐射的频谱调控提供了新思路.