单级高频脉冲管制冷机研究

采用单级高频脉冲管制冷机获得低于30 K的制冷温度是脉冲管应用的一个新方向.本文介绍了一套获得了26 K最低制冷温度的单级高频脉冲管制冷机,这是无多路旁通的单级高频脉冲管制冷机获得的最低温度.实验表明,即使对于惯性管作为主要调相结构的高频情况,双向进气方案在进一步调相和降低温度方面仍有很大作用.该工作为单级高频脉冲管制冷机在30～40 K温区的应用奠定了基础.该实验结果和模拟分析结果基本相符.通过和二级制冷机的比较说明了单级制冷机的优势,即较大的制冷量斜率.     

16．1K的高频两级脉冲管制冷机的实验研究

单级高频脉冲管制冷机直接降低到20 K以下温区存在很大困难,采用多级方案是高频脉冲管制冷机获得更低温度的主要方法.本文介绍了一套高频气耦合型两级脉冲管制冷机的性能特性,该脉冲管制冷机可以达到16.1 K的最低温度,是目前有报道高频气耦合型两级脉冲管制冷机的最低温度.文中给出了双向进气、频率和输入功率对最低温度的影响.     

二级气耦合斯特林型脉冲管制冷机研究

研制了一台二级气耦合型高频脉冲管制冷机,两级均为同轴结构,使用单个线性压缩机进行驱动。考察了二级低温双向进气对制冷性能的影响,结果表明,二级低温双向有助于获得更低的制冷温度,但并不利于更高制冷量的获得。目前,在输入电功450 W时,不使用低温双向进气时,最低温度10.3 K,在20 K的制冷量为600 mW;使用低温双向进气后,无负荷最低温度9.4 K,在20 K的制冷量为400 mW。此外,还对二级长颈管、充气压力、频率和热端温度的影响进行了考察分析。     

铅蓄冷材料的二级脉冲管制冷机研究

采用多级方案是高频脉冲管制冷机获得低于20 K以下制冷温度的主要方法,以不锈钢金属丝网为蓄冷材料的二级高频脉冲管制冷机,实验已经达到了20 K以下温度.理论上讲,由于热容大,以铅为主的蓄冷材料比不锈钢更适合40～10 K温区工作,这在低频回热制冷机中得到了证明.本文介绍了我们采用不同铅球和铅网为低温蓄冷材料的研究结果.实验表明,小铅球对于高频脉冲管制冷机是不很合适的,导致制冷温度的明显升高.镀铅的不锈钢丝网和已有不锈钢丝网的性能相似,可进一步深入研究.该研究对于20 K以至更低温度的高频回热制冷机研究有一定的借鉴意义.     

80K高频无磁非金属脉冲管制冷机

介绍了高频脉冲管制冷机冷指无磁非金属材料的选择、加工以及实验优化工作.制作的高频无磁脉冲管制冷机冷指在风冷,2.3 MPa 充气压力,44 Hz,70 W 电功率输入条件下,最低达到 73.4 K 的无负荷最低温度;60 W 电功率输入,最低温度为 74.0 K,在 80 K 时可以提供 0.1 W 的制冷量.本文为高频脉冲管制冷机直接冷却相关低温超导器件提供了坚实的基础.     

0.2 W@20.6K单级高频脉冲管制冷机研究

本文介绍一台单级高频脉冲管制冷机的实验结果,研究了充气压力、运行频率、热端温度及冷头朝向等参数对制冷机性能的影响。该制冷机采用多路旁通方案、同轴结构,联合采用双向进气和惯性管气库进行调相。长颈管穿过压缩机内部后密封在气库里,气库、压缩机与脉冲管耦合成一体,结构紧凑。在充气压力1.7 MPa,输入电功260 W时,能够在20.6 K获得0.2 W,在24.1 K获得0.5 W的制冷量;在268 W输入电功,38 Hz运行频率条件F,无负荷最低温度18.6K是单级高频脉冲管制冷机在国际上首次获得的最低温度。     

冷头结构对高频热驱动脉中管制冷机性能影响研究

本文介绍了最低制冷温度达60.5 K的高频300 Hz热驱动单级脉冲管制冷机.为进一步提高耦合系统热效率,在数值计算的指导下,系统研究了高频脉冲管制冷机冷头结构对耦合系统性能的影响特性.采用4.0 MPa氦气为工质,在发动机端加入600 W加热量获得了60.5 K的无负荷最低制冷温度,这是目前国际上报道的高频热驱动单级...     

新型热耦合高频脉冲管制冷机性能研究

本文介绍了一种热耦合型的脉冲管制冷机,由两个独立的制冷机系统构成.通过改变一级的输入功率可以维持二级热端在一个较低温度研究脉冲管制冷机在低温下的工作性能以及不同参数的影响.二级制冷机在热端温度120 K左右时,输入10 w功率能够使最低温度降到41 K,30 w时能够达到31.8 K并在60 K时有超过0.5 W的制冷量.     

40～80 K温区高频脉冲管制冷机的实验研究

随着高频脉冲管制冷机性能的不断改善,特别是在红外和超导应用方面已进入实用化阶段,需要对蓄冷器和压缩机作进一步研究,探索高频脉冲管制冷机的工作机理,优化制冷机的整机设计.本文介绍了一台斯特林型高频单级脉冲管制冷机,经过优化设计,最低制冷温度达到了33 K,在40 K有420 mW的制冷量,当输入电功率为200 W时,在80K有4.5 W的制冷量.文中针对压缩机效率在40～80 K温区随工作频率变化的曲线关系,指出了制冷机和压缩机的耦合问题是研究脉冲管制冷机的重点与难点.并分析了制冷机内部各种阻力损失和热损失随压缩机运行频率变化的原因.     

液氮温区高频热驱动脉冲管制冷机实验研究

优化设计并研制了一小冷量液氮温区高频热驱动脉冲管制冷机,系统轴向长度仅为1.2 m.针对之前系统热效率较低问题,在数值计算的指导下,对高频驻波热声发动机的板叠流道尺寸和热腔进行了优化,并对声压放大器进行了调整.采用4.0 MPa氦气为工质,在发动机端加入750 W加热量获得了68.3 K的最低制冷温度,这是目前国际上报道的高频热驱动脉冲管制冷机的最低制冷温度.加入500 W加热量时,制冷机获得了76.9 K的无负荷最低制冷温度,在80 K时有0.2 W的制冷量.     

斯特林型高频脉冲管制冷机的现状与样机研制

首先介绍了国际上高频脉冲管制冷机的研究现状及未来发展趋势 ,表明高效高频脉冲管制冷机的产品和样机在国际上已日趋成熟。然后简要介绍了作者近几年在德国研制的高频脉冲管制冷机样机的性能和特点。作者获得的性能和国际上最好性能的比较表明 ,作者获得的性能结果已处于世界先进行列     

可达5K以下的三级斯特林型脉管制冷机性能研究

针对当前低温超导电子、军事及空间探测等对液氦温区紧凑、长寿命、高可靠性制冷技术的需求,设计并研制了一台三级斯特林型脉管制冷机。讨论了制冷机第三级的回热器、脉管、调相机构等相关参数的设计,着重分析了液氦温区回热器长度与温度分布的特殊关系。实验中以He-4为工质,第三级在充压0.91 MPa,频率29.9 Hz,输入电功率100 W的工况下获得了4.97 K的最低无负荷温度,有制冷量25 mW@6 K。该结果首次证明了采用He-4为工质、以三级结构的斯特林脉管制冷机实现液氦温区制冷的可行性。     

Microstructure changes and steady state creep characteristics in Pb-Sn alloys during transformation

The steady state creep of Pb-10 wt.% Sn and Pb-61·9 wt.% Sn alloys have been investigated under different constant stresses near the transformation temperature. The temperature dependence of steady creep rate has shown two different transition points; at 423 K for Pb-10 wt.% Sn alloy and at 403 K for Pb-61·9 wt.% Sn (the eutectic composition). The strain rate sensitivity parameter (m) has been found to increase by raising the working temperature and to reach 0·45 and 0·85 for the first and second alloy, respectively. The activation energies of steady state creep of Pb-10 wt. % Sn have been found to be 46·2 kJ/mole and 88·2 kJ/mole in the low and high temperature regions (below and above 423 K) referring to dislocation and self diffusion mechanisms. While activation energies of steady creep in Pb-61·9 wt.% Sn have been found to be 42 kJ/mole and 63 kJ/mole in the low and high temperature region (below and above 403 K), characterizing grain boundary diffusion in Sn and Pb respectively. X-ray analysis and microscopic investigations of the test alloys have confirmed the above mentioned mechanisms.     

Slow Vortex Creep Induced by Strong Grain Boundary Pinning in Advanced Ba122 Superconducting Tapes

We report the temperature, magnetic field and time dependences of magnetization in advanced Ba122 superconducting tapes. The sample exhibits peculiar vortex creep behavior. Below 10 K, the normalized magnetization relaxation rate S = d ln(-M)/d ln(t) shows a temperature-insensitive plateau with a value comparable to that of low-temperature superconductors, which can be explained within the framework of collective creep theory. It then enters into a second collective creep regime when the temperature increases. Interestingly, the relaxation rate below 20 K tends to reach saturation with increasing the field. However, it changes to a power law dependence on the field at a higher temperature. A vortex phase diagram composed of the collective and the plastic creep regions is shown. Benefiting from the strong grain boundary pinning, the advanced Bal22 superconducting tape has potential to be applied not only in liquid helium but also in liquid hydrogen or at temperatures accessible with cryocoolers.     

Temperature dependence of the penetration depth in Sr2RuO4: evidence for nodes in the gap function

We report measurements of the magnetic penetration depth in single crystals of Sr2RuO4 down to 0.04 K using a tunnel-diode based, self-inductive technique. We observe a power law temperature dependence below 0.8 K, with no sign of a second phase transition nor of a crossover predicted for a multiband superconductor. A power law dependence suggests that the gap function has nodes, inconsistent with candidate p-wave states. We argue that nonlocal effects, rather than impurity scattering, can explain the observed T2 dependence instead of the T-linear behavior expected for line nodes.     

Thermoelectric power and its magnetic field dependence in pure Sb at low temperatures

The temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power of pure Sb measured along the binary axis is presented in the temperature interval of 4·2-30°K. The intervalley scattering of carriers strongly affects the thermoelectric behaviour of Sb above 15°K whereas below 15°K the phonon drag effect is found to contribute to the thermoelectric power of Sb. The magnetic field dependence of the thermoelectric power up to fields of 8000 G is investigated. The low field behaviour of the thermoelectric power below 15°K is observed to be in good accord with the theoretical calculations. At high fields the thermoelectric power is observed to be negative at temperatures below 15°K.     

The giant muon Knight shift in antimony: Evidence for a Kondo impurity

A detailed study has been undertaken of the muon Knight shift in high purity antimony single crystals. No periodic variations with magnetic field (de Haas–van Alphen oscillations) are observed. The temperature dependence below 175 K is close to that expected for a Kondo‐like impurity with an anisotropic muon–electron hyperfine interaction. At higher temperatures the paramagnetic state becomes unstable and a transition occurs to a second state. The longitudinal relaxation rate rises from an apparently non‐zero value at T=0 to a maximum at 50 K, followed by a slow decline. This leads to a Korringa product which is strongly temperature dependent. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

制冷机冷却型超导磁体杜瓦的研制

介绍了带制冷机冷却的超导磁体系统杜瓦的设计、制作及实验结果分析。杜瓦采用 4 0 K、10 K双制冷屏结构 ,其室温磁场孔径为 75 mm,长 4 15 m m。试验结果为 :液氦蒸发率为 0 .6 9升 /天 (在 2 0天连续试验期内 ) ,优于合同规定的指标 (2 .4升 /天 )。双制冷屏由一台双级 G- M制冷机冷却 ,工作时一级冷屏温度为 35 K,二级冷屏温度为 7.0 K。磁体系统的磁场强度为 3T,满足了用户的使用要求