斯特林制冷机膜片弹簧设计与性能试验

膜片弹簧技术已成为低温制冷机工作时获得长寿命的关键核心技术。膜片弹簧是支撑往复运动活塞、实现间隙动态密封的关键部件。本文通过有限元应力分析,得到满足轴向/径向刚度和极限应力要求的形线,对设计完成的膜片弹簧进行性能测试及寿命试验,给出关键数据。结果表明,所设计的膜片弹簧性能及可靠性满足设计要求。     

膨胀机弹簧径向刚度分析

磨损是斯特林制冷机主要失效模式之一。为避免推移活塞的机械磨损,斯特林制冷机的膨胀机采用膜片弹簧支撑,介绍了在轴向刚度固定的前提下,对膜片弹簧最小径向刚度的分析。     

泰勒斯低温技术公司线性斯特林制冷机发展现状

对泰勒斯低温技术公司线性斯特林制冷机的发展现状进行总结.分别对其线性斯特林制冷机压缩机技术发展、膨胀机技术发展、膜片弹簧设计原则和可靠性增长等方面进行了总结.     

膜片弹簧的结构设计及性能分析

在设计不同厚度、材料的圆渐开线型膜片弹簧的基础上,通过有限元分析,对上述板弹簧的轴向刚度进行了分析与比较,总结出了主要参数对膜片弹簧性能的影响。结合线性压缩机中对膜片弹簧的设计要求,进行优化及验证。     

高效斯特林制冷机性能实验研究

围绕某型号研制任务需求,自主研制了一种气动分置式斯特林制冷机,制冷机采用动磁式直线电机驱动、压缩机对置结构,压缩机及膨胀机均采用膜片弹簧支撑方式。基于sage软件完成整机热力学、结构相关设计,针对影响制冷机的主要因素：密封间隙、充气压力和膜片弹簧刚度开展了相关的理论和试验研究,获得了压缩机与膨胀机最佳的匹配状态,样机在60 W_AC输入功率下制冷量不低于3 W/80 K,制冷机效率可达5%以上。     

一种基于弹性膜片的脉管制冷机

本文将介绍一种基于弹性膜片的斯特林脉管制冷机.该系统采用传统的油润滑活塞式压缩机作为驱动,用一种弹性膜片阻止润滑油进入制冷机,同时保证压缩机产生的压力波顺利传入制冷机.该系统在脉管制冷机入口和双向进气阀之间安装有另一弹性膜片,切断了脉管制冷机内引发直流的回路,彻底消除了直流流动.该制冷机系统在25 Hz,2.1MPa压力下获得了29.8 K的最低制冷温度.     

涡旋柔性弹簧及组件性能实验研究

本文利用TSL系列弹簧刚度实验仪对用于斯特林制冷机中的单片柔性弹簧及柔性弹簧组件进行了实验研究。测试了四种不同尺寸弹簧刚度的动态特性,研究了单片弹簧的轴向刚度、径向刚度以及力矩特性,然后对柔性弹簧组件进行了实验研究,指出了不同组合方法下的刚度及弯矩特性,得到的数据可以作为斯特林制冷机设计的参考。     

分置式斯特林制冷机弹簧断裂原因分析

对某型斯特林制冷机的膨胀机弹簧断裂原因进行分析,发现导致某型分置式斯特林制冷机膨胀机弹簧断裂的原因主要是所采用的弹簧材料内部存在较多的I元素和Cl元素夹杂,根据故障分析结论提出了相关预防措施,可以有效控制该类现象的再次发生。     

三种不同型线柔性弹簧的有限元分析及对比研究

柔性弹簧对于低温制冷机的间隙密封及可靠性具有重要作用,文中在总结国内外柔性弹簧型线的基础上,针对用于低温制冷机的三种典型柔性弹簧,采用Ansys软件对其应力分布、径轴向刚度以及自然频率等特性进行了数值模拟和对比分析,该研究为探索具有优良性能的新型线结构的柔性弹簧指明了方向.     

低温制冷机微振动输出检测中背景噪声抑制

微振动输出是低温制冷机的一项重要指标,检测中安装方式、检测环境等外部条件会造成复杂的背景噪声,背景噪声对检测结果造成影响。采用弹簧悬吊的方法进行背景噪声的抑制,根据弹簧悬吊减振原理和制冷机微振动原理,设计了最优检测,使其能更客观真实地测试低温制冷机的微振动输出值。     

Vibration modelling of helical springs with non-uniform ends

Helical springs constitute an integral part of many mechanical systems. Usually, a helical spring is modelled as a massless, frequency independent stiffness element. For a typical suspension spring, these assumptions are only valid in the quasi-static case or at low frequencies. At higher frequencies, the influence of the internal resonances of the spring grows and thus a detailed model is required. In some cases, such as when the spring is uniform, analytical models can be developed. However, in typical springs, only the central turns are uniform; the ends are often not (for example, having a varying helix angle or cross-section). Thus, obtaining analytical models in this case can be very difficult if at all possible. In this paper, the modelling of such non-uniform springs are considered. The uniform (central) part of helical springs is modelled using the wave and finite element (WFE) method since a helical spring can be regarded as a curved waveguide. The WFE model is obtained by post-processing the finite element (FE) model of a single straight or curved beam element using periodic structure theory. This yields the wave characteristics which can be used to find the dynamic stiffness matrix of the central turns of the spring. As for the non-uniform ends, they are modelled using the standard finite element (FE) method. The dynamic stiffness matrices of the ends and the central turns can be assembled as in standard FE yielding a FE/WFE model whose size is much smaller than a full FE model of the spring. This can be used to predict the stiffness of the spring and the force transmissibility. Numerical examples are presented.     

Finite element mapping for spring network representations of the mechanics of solids

We present a general finite element mapping procedure for defining spring network representations of solid mechanics. The procedure is rigorous and equally suitable for setting regular and unstructured spring network models of generally anisotropic solids. We use the procedure to define close-packed triangular and simple cubic lattice spring models of isotropic 2D and 3D elastic media, respectively. We extend the study to heterogeneous solids and show that the mapped spring network approach constitutes an appealing route for incorporating subelement level constitutive equations.     

聚变实验堆真空室壳体成型模具设计及实验研究

参考ITER真空室制造规范,在常温下对中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)真空室壳体成型进行工艺预研。先根据成型经验公式计算出所研究壳体的成型模具尺寸范围,再利用有限元软件选择3组公式值附近的尺寸模拟了该成型工艺最佳模具尺寸参数,分析出最佳型面尺寸误差在±1.5mm内,并以此指导成型实验。测试了成型实验后工件减薄量、回弹量、变形率等参数,与模拟分析结果吻合度较高,验证了该成型模具设计的合理性。     

Large amplitude axisymmetric vibrations of orthotropic circular plates elastically restrained against rotation

A finite element formulation is employed to obtain the linear and non-linear frequencies of orthotropic circular plates with elastically restrained edges. Results are presented in the form of linear frequency parameters and ratios of non-linear to linear periods for several values of the spring constants, orthotropy parameter and central deflections.     

基于薄层单元与弹簧单元的滚动直线导轨副动力学建模

针对某大型光机装置中使用的LM型直线导轨-滑块的结合面,采用薄层单元与弹簧单元模拟其接触面,建立了大行程传输结构模拟件的有限元模型。通过模型修正方法,根据模态试验结果对薄层单元弹性模量以及弹簧刚度进行了识别。模型修正后,结构前三阶模态频率计算结果与试验结果最大差别为2.23%,地脉动载荷下各测点位移响应计算结果与试验结果最大差别为7.61%。计算结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了模型的有效性。     

Structural models and undamped torsional natural frequencies of a superconducting turbogenerator rotor

Superconducting turbogenerators with a “double rotor structure” have a torsional natural frequency within the generator, the outer rotor moving in opposition to the inner rotor. For large machines this natural frequency may approach 100 Hz. In this paper a finite element model and simple lumped mass and spring models of the rotor, for the calculation of the undamped torsional natural frequencies, are described and compared. A method by which equivalent spring stiffnesses for both the inner and outer rotors can be derived is described, allowing one to use a rotor model with one lumped mass and equivalent spring stiffness for each of the inner and outer rotors. Such a rotor model can be readily used for studying electromagnetic interaction effects and assessing fault torques in the outer rotor and inner rotor torque tubes.     

FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF CRACKED BEAMS IN BENDING VIBRATIONS: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH

This paper presents an analytical approach to the fundamental frequency of cracked Euler-Bernoulli beams in bending vibrations. The flexibility influence function method used to solve the problem leads to an eigenvalue problem formulated in integral form. The influence of the crack was represented by an elastic rotational spring connecting the two segments of the beam at the cracked section. In solving the problem, closed-form expressions for the approximated values of the fundamental frequency of cracked Euler-Bernoulli beams in bending vibrations are reached. The results obtained agree with those numerically obtained by the finite element method.     

Stability of an axially accelerating string subjected to frictional guiding forces

The dynamic response of an axially translating continuum subjected to the combined effects of a pair of spring supported frictional guides and axial acceleration is investigated; such systems are both non-conservative and gyroscopic. The continuum is modeled as a tensioned string translating between two rigid supports with a time-dependent velocity profile. The equations of motion are derived with the extended Hamilton's principle and discretized in the space domain with the finite element method. The stability of the system is analyzed with the Floquet theory for cases where the transport velocity is a periodic function of time. Direct time integration using an adaptive step Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to verify the results of the Floquet theory. This approach can also be employed in the general case of arbitrary time-varying velocity. Results are given in the form of time history diagrams and instability point grids for different sets of parameters such as the location of the stationary load, the stiffness of the elastic support, and the values of initial tension. This work showed that presence of friction adversely affects stability, but using non-zero spring stiffness on the guiding force has a stabilizing effect. This work also showed that the use of the finite element method and Floquet theory is an effective combination to analyze stability in gyroscopic systems with stationary friction loads.     

Dynamic contact analysis of a tensioned beam with a moving mass–spring system

The dynamic contact problem of a tensioned beam with clamped-pinned ends is analyzed when the beam contacts a moving mass–spring system. The contact and contact loss conditions are expressed in terms of constraint equations after considering the dynamic contact between the beam and the moving mass. Using these constraints and equations of motion for the beam and moving mass, dynamic contact equations are derived and then discretized using the finite element method, which is based on the Lagrange multiplier method. The time responses for the contact forces are computed from these discretized equations. The contact force variations and contact loss are investigated for the variations of the moving mass velocity, the beam tension, the moving mass, and the stiffness of the moving mass–spring system. In addition, the possibility of contact loss and safe contact conditions between the moving mass and the tensioned beam are also studied.     

真空波荡器楔口机构结构分析与优化

 为了满足物理设计要求,楔口机构被应用于真空波荡器机械系统设计中。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对上海光源真空波荡器的关键部件——楔口机构进行了线性静态分析,得到了该关键部件的变形和应力分布情况及它们对外大梁变形和滚动角的影响,采用补偿弹簧系统并进行参数优化减小了影响,使之满足工作中的高精度需要。分析结果在真空波荡器调试过程中得到了验证,与实际情况基本吻合。