Dual beam encoded extended fractional Fourier transform security hologram with in-built repositioning

This paper describes a simple method for making dual beam encoded extended fractional Fourier transform (EFRT) security holograms. The hologram possesses different stages of encoding so that security features are concealed and remain invisible to the counterfeiter. These concealed and encoded anticounterfeit security features in the security hologram can only be read through a key hologram. Key hologram also facilitates in-built repositioning of security hologram. The method of fabrication, the principle of reconstruction and the experimental results are presented.      

Dynamic holography in alkali metal vapour

Problems of dynamic hologram recording on resonant absorption lines of alkali metal vapour are discussed. Light beams and media parameters are determined that are necessary for hologram recording with usable efficiency. The effects of thermal atomic motion and the radiative transport of excitation influence on the spatial frequency transfer function of two-level media are investigated. Results of hologram recording in vapour of Rb (780.0 nm) and Cs (852.1 nm) using low-power CW-lasers are presented. Transmission holograms in the volume media and reflection holograms near the boundary of the resonant vapour and the dielectric are compared. For transmission holograms the advantage of collinear read-out when using pure vapour in comparison with a counterpropagating read-out is shown, and this makes it possible to achieve higher values of hologram efficiency over a wide range of atomic density. It is shown that reflection hologram recording is characterized by higher resolution, as compared with hologram recordings in the volume of extended media. Problems of metal vapour hologram usage for laser parameter control are discussed. The feasibility of holograms in Cs-vapour usage as a spectral-selective real-time feedback element in a semiconductor laser external cavity is shown.     

动态数字彩虹全息显示的研究

提出一种动态数字彩虹全息显示术，该技术将计算机制全息术和动态双视彩虹全息合成术相结合，根据彩虹全息的基元全息图为“线全息图”以及双眼立体视觉的特点，计算物点的线全息图上两个片断，使得两个全息图片断分别对应左右眼视图，同时对彩虹全息图的狭缝像进行横向分割，使得不同区域成为物体不同姿态的视窗，从而达到动态显示的效果.给出了数字动态全息的计算方法，并得到了初步的实验结果.     

用计算全息标校补偿器的技术

用计算全息(CGH)模拟理想非球面主镜的反射波面,用补偿器对该计算全息进行检验,只要计算全息的制作误差能够满足要求,就能实现直接对补偿器的标校。介绍了计算全息标校补偿器的原理、方法,并进行了误差分析。实验采用电子束制作的计算全息实现了对850 mm F/2抛物面主镜补偿器的标校,补偿器产生的标准非球面精度不低于计算全息模拟的主镜面形精度,均方根(RMS)误差为0.012λ。研究表明,用计算全息模拟主镜反射波面对补偿器进行标校是一种行之有效的方法,结合先进的微电子制造技术,可实现对补偿器的高精度标校。     

体积全息图中光子禁带结构性质的分析

利用光子晶体的概念和方法，从理论上分析了一维全息图在再现光以不同角度入射情况下禁带结构的性质。分析表明，当再现光非正入射时，体积全息图的禁带结构是倾斜的，正入射时的非倾斜结构是倾斜结构的一个特例。     

A method of making a true color stereoscopic hologram

A true color stereoscopic hologram is made with one-wavelength laser. Under illuminating incandescent lamp, a true color stereoscopic image can be seen from the hologram. A diffused reference light and a project object light are used in the recording of the hologram. The three primary color images of natural scenery are encoded on a white-and-black film. With the help of the encoded film, a true color hologram is recorded on a plate by single exposure and a true color stereoscopic by two exposures. The simplification of this method is apparent. Further more, it largely decreases the scattering noise of the hologram and averts the problem of color lack fidelity of the holographic image.     

Computer-generated line holograms using an xy plotter

A new method is presented for constructing a computer-generated Fourier-transformed line hologram using an xy plotter. Phase and amplitude of the complex amplitude in the hologram plane are represented by varying, respectively, the position and height of triangles formed in the cells composing the hologram. An image reconstructed optically from the hologram can be moved arbitrarily from the optical axis since the hologram contains information about the phase and amplitude of the complex amplitude in the hologram plane. A three-dimensional hologram from which an image was successfully reconstructed is also presented.     

分数傅里叶变换全息图及其在防伪中的应用

提出分数傅里叶变换全息图,讨论了它的性质。拍摄分数傅里叶变换彩虹全息图。基于其再现条件的特殊性,可建立一种新型的伪全息术。     

全息图数字再现中零级衍射斑的消除

分析了无透镜傅里叶变换全息图数字再现时零级衍射斑对再现像的影响，提出了用全息数字相减及数字重现来消除零级斑实现无零级数字全息再现的方法，给出了计算机模拟实验结果，并对再现结果作了分析。     

复数滤波器在数字全息图处理中的应用

数字全息图在微电路检测、粒度分析、透明场测量等小孔径、小视场对象测量和细胞观测等显微测量方面有着广泛的应用前景。根据离轴数字全息图的频谱特点,提出采用复数滤波器,利用计算机及相关算法对离轴数字全息图进行滤波,消除其零级及共轭像,同时可以得到全息图的相位分布。讨论了复数滤波器的设计方法,给出了实验结果。为数字全息图的压缩、再现和相息图制作提供了方便。     

One step hologram calculation for multi-plane objects based on nonuniform sampling (Invited Paper)

The nonuniform sampling method in hologram plane is proposed to reconstruct objects on multi-plane simultaneously. The hologram is nonuniformly sampled by decomposing it into several parts with various sampling rates. The hologram is calculated based on the nonuniform fast Fourier transform （NUFFT） algorithm. In the experiment, we load this nonuniformly sampled hologram on phases-only spatial light modulator （SLM）, and by illumination with collimated light objects with different sampling rates are reconstructed at different distant planes simultaneously. Both of the numerically simulation and optical experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of our method. The experiment also shows that our proposed nonuniform sampled hologram for multi-plane objects is calculated by only one step, better than conventional method that needs several steps of calculation proportional to the numbers of object planes.     

Gyrator变换全息图及其在图像加密中的应用

提出了gyrator变换全息图,利用gyrator变换快速算法模拟实现了gyrator变换全息图的产生和再现,并研究了基于相移数字全息的gyrator变换全息图.在此基础上提出了采用正弦相位光栅实现光学图像加密的新方法.该方法利用gyrator变换在相空间的旋转特性,将gyrator变换的角度、光栅的频率及光栅的旋转角度作为加密密钥,并利用两个或两个以上的gyrator变换系统的级联实现图像加密,增加了系统的安全性.依据相移数字全息进行的两个gyrator变换系统级联的仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性、有效性及其良好的安全性能.     

余弦二值编码纯相位全息图的数字微镜器件显示

分析了采用错误减算法的迭代过程,在已知物波函数傅里叶谱的振幅和物波函数振幅的情况下恢复出纯相位的物波函数,最大限度地保留物波的振幅及相位信息.提出采用余弦二值编码生成二值全息图,即全息图的透射率函数取0或1.二值全息图通过数字微镜器件全息显示系统进行了重构显示,重构效果很好.理论分析了数字微镜器件的衍射效率,表明其最大衍射效率仅和微镜之间的间隔尺寸与微镜边长之比有关.余弦二值编码方法从理论上消除了零级衍射,可以制作像素较多的全息图.     

复杂三维场景数字全息图隐藏面问题研究

从数字全息图制作原理出发，分析了隐藏面对数字全息图再现像的影响，得出在制作复杂场景数字全息图时必须进行消隐.在此基础上提出了一种消隐方法，通过寻找连接全息面上每一采样点与场景中每一采样点之间的虚拟光线与场景的交点中到全息面距离最短的交点集来消隐.最后给出了这种方法的原理和计算机模拟结果.     

一种菲涅尔全息图的快速算法

通过分析菲涅尔全息图计算模型,发现大量的平方运算和三角函数运算是计算速度的瓶颈,提出了一种菲涅尔全息图的快速计算方法.根据菲涅尔全息图的数学模型,利用三角函数的和差化积公式,将全息图的数学模型变换为由仅与水平或垂直方向有关的独立分量,通过四则运算来表示.在菲涅尔全息图的计算中,用少量的三角函数、平方运算和大量的四则运算代替原来大量的三角函数和平方运算,减少了全息图的运算量.实验表明,采用该算法后全息图的计算速度提高了9倍以上.     

单波长编码计算机制彩色彩虹全息图的研究

提出计算机制三维物体彩色全息图的新方法.通过理论分析表明，在满足一定的条件下，三个不同原色的点光源所产生的全息图光栅结构和距全息图不同距离的三个同色物点的光产生的全息图光栅结构是等价的.根据这一原理并参照彩虹全息技术，研究了物体三原色信息光分布的编码方法和全息图的算法，用单波长计算实现彩色全息图的制作，同时，较为完满地解决了全息图叠加和色串扰问题.实验结果证明了该方法的可行性及有效性.     

Multiple information encryption by user-image-based gyrator transform hologram

A novel multiple information encryption by user-image-based gyrator transform hologram is proposed. In encryption process, each channel of the user image is phase encoded, modulated by random phase function and then gyrator transformed to get the gyrator spectrum of user image. Subsequently, each channel of the secret image is normalized, phase encoded, multiplied by modulated user image, and then gyrator transformed to obtain the gyrator spectrum of secret image. The encrypted digital hologram is recorded by the interference between the gyrator spectrum of user image and the spherical wave function. Similarly, the digital hologram for decryption is recorded by the interference between the gyrator spectrum of secret image and the spherical wave function. The multiple encrypted digital holograms are multiplexed into a final encoded hologram and the corresponding digital holograms for decryption are multiplexed into a final hologram for decryption. The wavelength and radius of the spherical wave function, and angle of gyrator transform are all essential keys for decryption. The proposed system has two main features. First, the encrypted hologram has no information about secret image. Second, the hologram for decryption used as identification key. Consequently the two marked security layers of information protection are achieved. The proposal can be realized by optoelectronic system. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and security of the proposed technique.     

可获得高衬比干涉条纹的实时全息记录方法

本文提出了一种可以获得高衬比的实时全息记录方法,它通过分析所记录的第一张实时全息图来获得拍摄最佳衬比实时全息图的拍摄参数,文中指出了拍摄最佳衬比实时全息图需要满足的条件,给出了理论分析和实验验证,实验结果与理论相符甚好,对于透明物体的实时法全息图.条纹衬比可接近最佳值1.     

全息照相中的景深

本文分析了影响全息照相景深的若干因素 ,并指出了克服影响并获得满意全息图的方法。     

数字全息图变频采样研究

根据Whittaker-Shannon抽样定理,对菲涅耳全息图进行变频率采样,保证整个全息图各部分采样频率为该处相应空间频率的两倍,从而完全消除数字全息图由于采样冗余而带来全息图的信息冗余.并且,对变频采样后的全息图进行线性插值恢复即可获得良好的再现像质.实验和理论均证明了该方法的有效性和可行性,为全息图的信息存贮与传输提出一条新的思路.