四元数在力学和电磁学中的应用

用双四元数表述了相对论力学和电磁规律,所用的方法能够适用于相对论性物理学科的不同领域,有利于形成系统的四元数物理学,由于四元数本身结构上的特点,使得四元数形式的物理量具备了反映四维时空中时间与空间内在联系的功能,从而用了数表述的相对论性物理学在一定程度上为揭示一些貌视无关的自然规律之间本质上的联系提供了可能性。     

三维转动的四元数表述

用四元数表达三维的旋转与使用矩阵相比具有两个优点：第一．几何意义明确;第二,计算简单．因此,四元数在数学、物理学和计算机图形学中具有很高的应用价值．本文详细叙述了四元数的这一功能,讨论了四元数的定义、运算、性质、几何意义和它的3种表达形式,给出了使用四元数处理点的各种几何变换的一般结论．     

狄拉克γ矩阵与四元数空间

四元数及其空间的性质早已被研究。将时空间选择为（双）四元数空间，同样可导出狭义相对论，并可简洁地叙述经典力学中的刚体运动理论。重要的是，用四元数空间可描写量子力学中的波函数及其相位值，还可描写量子电动力学中的γ矩阵及狄拉克矩阵。     

再谈γ矩阵与四元数空间

在“狄拉克γ矩阵与四元数空间”一文的基础上，四元数及其空间的性质可以作进一步的研究。在四元数空间中，从度规方程出发，也可导出量子电动力学中的γ矩阵；重要的是，用四元数空间不仅能给出平直空间中的γ矩阵，还可给出弯曲空间中的γ矩阵。     

彩色图像四元数矩不变量的研究

为了研究彩色图像的矩不变量特性,采用四元数进行彩色图像处理,以充分利用彩色图像的整体信息,实现彩色图像RGB并行处理。本文把传统灰度图像的矩不变量理论推广应用到四元数层面上来,定义了彩色图像的四元数矩并构造了该矩函数的仿射不变量。实验结果表明：所提出的彩色图像的四元数矩不变量的稳定性要优于L.V.Gool等人提出的彩色矩仿射不变量,其σ/u值提高了2个数量级。所提出的四元数仿射矩不变量可以作为模式识别中彩色目标的特征描述子来实现彩色图像目标的识别与跟踪。     

彩色图像四元数矩不变量的研究

为了研究彩色图像的矩不变量特性,采用四元数进行彩色图像处理,以充分利用彩色图像的整体信息,实现彩色图像RGB并行处理。本文把传统灰度图像的矩不变量理论推广应用到四元数层面上来,定义了彩色图像的四元数矩并构造了该矩函数的仿射不变量。实验结果表明:所提出的彩色图像的四元数矩不变量的稳定性要优于L.V.Gool等人提出的彩色矩仿射不变量,其σ/u值提高了2个数量级。所提出的四元数仿射矩不变量可以作为模式识别中彩色目标的特征描述子来实现彩色图像目标的识别与跟踪。     

四元数在建立波动方程中的应用

用四元数对经典的能量，动量关系式进行因式分解，建立起了现今人们已知的所有不同形式的波动方程，这样既表明了不同微观粒子不同的波动方程有着同一个来源，也为建立未知粒子的未知的波动方程提供了可能性。     

基于离散四元数傅里叶变换的双随机相位加密技术

应用光学图像加密的思想,将离散四元数傅里叶变换(DQFT)与双随机相位加密技术相结合,提出了一种应用于彩色图像的双随机相位加密新技术. 基于DQFT的双随机相位加密技术可将彩色图像作为一个整体进行加密,从而在保持了系统的保密性能的同时,有效地降低了复杂性. 阐述了加密和解密的原理,并通过实验对其鲁棒性进行了验证. 关键词： 四元数 离散四元数傅里叶变换(DQFT) 双随机相位加密     

基于四元数方法的光学系统可视化建模与仿真

以四元数方法在光线传输计算中的应用为理论基础，推导出一套基于四元数方法的光线传输运算公式，采用Visual C++ 和OpenGL建立一个光学系统可视化仿真平台，用于振动环境下光学系统的辅助分析。给出光线追迹运算流程与图形可视化实现关键技术，并对仿真平台的整体结构与功能进行了介绍。通过对某光学系统的仿真分析，成功仿真出图像经过光学系统产生的枕形畸变，证明四元数方法在光线传输运算中的正确性与可行性，为复杂光学系统的空间光线传输计算提供了另一种方法。     

应用四元数方法对光存储光学系统的建模

光存储中的光学系统是一种非同轴光学系统，其中各个光学元件的设计位置与装配精度是保证系统光线正常传输并获得准确信号的前提。四元数方法是一种可以方便地描述空间光线的传输计算与坐标变换的数学方法。通过将四元数引入到光学头光学系统的建模中，使用四元数法表征非同轴光学系统的传输方式，并给出建立光学元件的设计、安装参数与聚焦光斑、读出光斑之间关系的流程图。据此模型对各个独立的研究对象进行分析的结果，对光存储中光学系统的设计与生产装配工艺的制定有指导意义；同时,以此模型分析物镜的连续运动对光斑和读出信号的影响，对光学头中的可执行机构力矩器的设计有实践作用。     

A secure identification system using coherent states

A quantum identification system based on the transformation of polarization of a mesoscopic coherent state is proposed. Physically, an initial polarization state which carries the identity information is transformed into an arbitrary elliptical polarization state. To verify the identity of a communicator, a reverse procedure is performed by the receiver. For simply describing the transformation procedure, the analytical methods of Poincar\'{e} sphere and quaternion are adopted. Since quantum noise provides such a measurement uncertainty for the eavesdropping that the identity information cannot be retrieved from the elliptical polarization state, the proposed scheme is secure.     

Quaternion-Loop Quantum Gravity

It is shown that the Riemannian curvature of the 3-dimensional hypersurfaces in space-time, described by the Wilson loop integral, can be represented by a quaternion quantum operator induced by the SU(2) gauge potential, thus providing a justification for quaternion quantum gravity at the Tev energy scale.     

Topological quantum liquids with quaternion non-Abelian statistics

Noncollinear magnetic order is typically characterized by a tetrad ground state manifold (GSM) of three perpendicular vectors or nematic directors. We study three types of tetrad orders in two spatial dimensions, whose GSMs are SO(3) = S(3)/Z(2), S(3)/Z(4), and S(3)/Q(8), respectively. Q(8) denotes the non-Abelian quaternion group with eight elements. We demonstrate that after quantum disordering these three types of tetrad orders, the systems enter fully gapped liquid phases described by Z(2), Z(4), and non-Abelian quaternion gauge field theories, respectively. The latter case realizes Kitaev's non-Abelian toric code in terms of a rather simple spin-1 SU(2) quantum magnet. This non-Abelian topological phase possesses a 22-fold ground state degeneracy on the torus arising from the 22 representations of the Drinfeld double of Q(8).     

Foundations of the Quaternion Quantum Mechanics

We show that quaternion quantum mechanics has well-founded mathematical roots and can be derived from the model of the elastic continuum by French mathematician Augustin Cauchy, i.e., it can be regarded as representing the physical reality of elastic continuum. Starting from the Cauchy theory (classical balance equations for isotropic Cauchy-elastic material) and using the Hamilton quaternion algebra, we present a rigorous derivation of the quaternion form of the non- and relativistic wave equations. The family of the wave equations and the Poisson equation are a straightforward consequence of the quaternion representation of the Cauchy model of the elastic continuum. This is the most general kind of quantum mechanics possessing the same kind of calculus of assertions as conventional quantum mechanics. The problem of the Schrödinger equation, where imaginary ‘i’ should emerge, is solved. This interpretation is a serious attempt to describe the ontology of quantum mechanics, and demonstrates that, besides Bohmian mechanics, the complete ontological interpretations of quantum theory exists. The model can be generalized and falsified. To ensure this theory to be true, we specified problems, allowing exposing its falsity.     

Correlation functions for multi-matrix models and quaternion determinants

Using a close relationship to the Brownian motion model of random matrices, multi-matrix models in quantum field theory are analyzed. In the case many hermitian matrices are connected in a chain and one of them has a restricted (real symmetric, self dual real quaternion or antisymmetric hermitian) symmetry, the multi-matrix multi-level correlation functions are shown to have quaternion determinant forms.     

Quaternion Gravi-Electromagnetism

Defining the generalized charge, potential, current and generalized fields as complex quantities where real and imaginary parts represent gravitation and electromagnetism respectively, corresponding field equation, equation of motion and other quantum equations are derived in manifestly covariant manner. It has been shown that the field equations are invariant under Lorentz as well as duality transformations. It has been shown that the quaternionic formulation presented here remains invariant under quaternion transformations.     

Quaternion wave equations in curved space-time

The quaternion formulation of relativistic quantum theory is extended to include curvilinear coordinates and curved space-time. This provides a promising framework for further exploration of a unified quantum/gravity theory.     

Fidelity between Gaussian mixed states with quantum state quadrature variances

In this paper, from the original definition of fidelity in a pure state, we first give a well-defined expansion fidelity between two Gaussian mixed states. It is related to the variances of output and input states in quantum information processing. It is convenient to quantify the quantum teleportation(quantum clone) experiment since the variances of the input(output) state are measurable. Furthermore, we also give a conclusion that the fidelity of a pure input state is smaller than the fidelity of a mixed input state in the same quantum information processing.