矩形波导与圆柱波导或圆柱谐振腔间的小孔耦合

本文讨论了三种不同系统的小孔耦合的近似解法:矩形波导与圆柱波导的同轴耦合,矩形波导中的TE₁₀型波与圆柱谐振腔中的TM₁₂₀型波间的耦合和矩形波导中的TE₁₀型波与圆柱波导中的TM_mn型波间的耦合。通过这几个问题的解法,我们希望读者可以看到处理复杂微波元件问题时所需的从物理概念出发的灵活应用已有方法的必要性。这里提供的几个公式有着广泛的应用范围而是在现有文献中探讨得不够的。这里介绍的方法可以应用到其他新的微波网络问题中去。     

Complete leaky mode coupling in dual-core photonic crystal fibre based on the coupled-mode theory

This paper theoretically investigates the dependence of leaky mode coupling between inner core fundamental mode and outer core defect mode on phase and loss matching in pure silica dual-core photonic crystal fibres with the multi-pole method. The complete mode coupling can take place when both the phase and loss matching conditions are satisfied at the avoided anti-crossing wavelength. It shows the influences of cladding structure parameters including the diameters of cladding air holes d₁, diameters of outer core holes d₂ and hole to hole pitch Λ on the characteristics of leaky modes coupling. The coupled-mode theory is used to analyse the mode transition characteristics and the complete coupling can be clearly indicated by comparing the real and imaginary parts of propagation constant of the leaky modes.     

Cladding mode coupling in long-period gratings formed in photonic crystal fibers

We extend the improved effective index method (IEIM) to analyze the cladding mode of the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and to predict cladding mode coupling in gratings. By introducing a new step-index fiber model for the PCF, the cladding mode coupling between a LP₀₁ core mode and HE₁₁ cladding mode in long-period gratings formed in PCF is accurately predicted by the IEIM. The fiber model works well for the PCF used here not only in predicting resonant mode coupling, but also in analyzing core and low-order cladding modes.     

Phonon-phonon interactions in (Lu, Y)Ni2B2C

The temperature dependence of the Δ₄ acoustic and optic mode, measured at q=(0.5,0,0) in LuNi₂B₂C, YNi₂B₂C were extended to 1000 K and new measurements on the mixed compound, Y_0.5Lu_0.5Ni₂B₂C, were undertaken to explore the mode coupling in these materials. The temperature behavior of each is different and cannot be explained by a simple mode coupling scheme of the acoustic and optic modes.     

Study of spin–phonon coupling in LiFe1 − xMnxPO4olivines

LiFe_{1 − x}Mn_xPO₄ olivines are promising material for improved performance of Li‐ion batteries. Spin–phonon coupling of LiFe_{1 − x}Mn_xPO₄ (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5) olivines is studied through temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy. Among the observed phonon modes, the external mode at ~263 cm⁻¹ is directly correlated with the motions of magnetic Fe²⁺/Mn²⁺ ions. This mode displays anomalous temperature‐dependent behavior near the Néel temperature, indicating a coupling of this mode with spin ordering. As Mn doping increases, the anomalous behavior becomes clearly weaker, indicating the spin–phonon coupling quickly decreases. Our analyses show that the quick decrease of spin–phonon coupling is due to decrease of the strength of spin–phonon coupling, but not change of spin‐ordering feature with Mn doping. Importantly, we suggest that the low electrochemical activity of LiMnPO₄ is correlated with the weak spin–phonon coupling strength, but not with the weak ferromagnetic ground state. Our work would play an important role as a guide in improving the performances of future Li‐ion batteries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Localization of matters on the bent brane in bulk

We investigate the possibility of localizing various matter fields on a bent AdS₄ (dS₄) thick brane in AdS₅. For spin 0 scalar field, we find a massless zero mode and an excited state which can be localized on the bent brane. For spin 1 vector field, there is only a massless zero mode on the bent brane. For spin 1/2 fermion field, it is shown that, in the case of no Yukawa coupling of scalar-fermion, there is no existence of localized massless zero mode for both left and right chiral fermions. In order to localize massless fermions, some kind of Yukawa coupling must be included. We study two types of Yukawa couplings as examples. Localization property of chiral fermions is related to the parameters of the brane model, the Yukawa coupling constant and the cosmological constant of the 4-dimensional space–time.     

Magneto-elastic properties of Tb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ga<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> (TGG)

The temperature dependence of the elastic constants in Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂ was measured and analysed with a simple crystal field model. The magneto-elastic coupling constants have been deduced from this experiment. The coupling constant g_Γ5, related to the c₄₄ mode, is anomalously large. These coupling constants are important for the interpretation of the phonon Hall effect.     

Exciton-phonon coupling strength in single wall carbon nanotubes

The coupling strength of the exciton and different phonons, including the radial breathing mode (RBM), longitudinal (LO) and transverse (TO) optical phonons, are calculated for different diameter single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the framework of tight-binding model. It is found that the exciton-phonon coupling strength with the LO mode or RBM shows a clear (2n+m)-family behavior due to the trigonal warping effect, but it with the TO mode remains to be zero. In the same SWNT, the E₂₂ exciton-phonon coupling strength is found to be slightly smaller than that of E₁₁ exciton. Finally, the exciton-RBM-phonon coupling strengths for several SWNTs are found to be in good agreement with the recent experimental data [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 037405 (2007)].     

高功率回旋行波管新型输出渐变段的设计

利用正余弦拟合的方法和半径渐变波导的耦合波理论设计出一种Ka波段TE01模回旋行波管新型输出渐变段。通过Matlab数值计算和HFSS仿真优化,研究了该新型渐变段的反射系数、传输参数、模式纯度、对杂模的耦合等性能指标。计算结果表明:在长度为80 mm、口径由14 mm变化到32 mm的情况下,在30～33 GHz该新型渐变段的传输参数大于-0.000 52 dB,反射参数小于-65 dB,模式纯度大于0.995,对TE02模和TE03模耦合在-40 dB以下。在等长度和等口径下,与Dolph-Chebyshev渐变段进行比较,结果显示在30～33 GHz内,新型渐变段比其传输参数更好、反射参数更小、模式纯度更高等。测试样品的冷测实验结果为在28～35 GHz范围内,其反射参数小于-30 dB,传输参数大于-0.3 dB。     

On the hydrodynamic theory of central peak in displacive structural phase transitions

A model involving nonlinear coupling between the overdamped phonon mode and temperature fluctuations is studied using the dynamic renormalization group method. It is shown that the behavior of the central peak in the dynamic form factor depends on the specific heat exponent α. For α < 0 and as T → T_c the central peak is found to merge with the over-damped phonon mode and the coupling goes to zero at T_c as (T ? T_c)^?α. An argument on the intensity of the central peak in the critical region in presented and it is concluded that the hydrodynamic coupling may not be the dominant mechanism of the central peak in SrTiO₃.     

Ion Energy Distribution in a Radiofrequency C4F8

The dependence of ion energy distribution (IED) of planar radiofrequency driven inductively coupled plasma source on pressure and power is analyzed by using plasma monitor. The transition from capacitive coupling (E mode) to inductive coupling (H mode) is observed between 100 and 200 W for C₄F₈ gas pressure in the range from 0.8 to 8 Pa. In the H mode, the concentration of light ions is higher due to an increase in dissociation and ionization rate of C₄F₈. In the E mode, the IED consists of large peak (round 20 eV) with an appearing saddle structure (0.8 P), whereas at higher pressure (8 P), the IED exhibits an important contribution near zero energy, indicating collisional sheath. In the H mode, in most cases, the IED consists of one peak which is narrower for higher mass.     

Critical opalescence in SrTiO3

We have measured the temperature and angular dependence of the total scattered light intensity near the structural phase transition of SrTiO₃ and interpreted it in terms of the theory of Ornstein and Zernike. It is concluded that in light scattering the direct coupling to the phonon density fluctuations or central mode in SrTiO₃ prevails over the indirect coupling via the soft mode.     

Coupling characteristics of high birefringence dual-core As2S3 rectangular lattice photonic crystal fiber

A type of As₂S₃ chalcogenide glass mid-infrared dual-core photonic crystal fiber has been proposed. The dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) consists of two asymmetric cores. The high polarization property and the coupling characteristics have been studied by using the finite element method and mode coupling theory. Numerical results show that the birefringence at wavelength λ = 10 μm is up to 0.01386 and the coupling length can reach wavelength λ = 5 μm, 261 μm and 271.44 μm for x-polarized mode and y-polarized mode, respectively. It demonstrates that a 6.786-mm-long fiber can exhibit an extinction ratio of better than -10 dB and a bandwidth of 180 nm.     

On the mechanism of the broadening of the proton vibrational IR band in weak hydrogen bonds. Double adiabatic approximation

It is proposed that broadening of the ν_s (AH) IR band is due to the ν_s (AH) and ν_σ (AH…B) mode coupling and to the stochastic variation of the equilibrium distance R_e (A…B) modulating the proton vibration. The R_e disordering variation is caused by a coupling of the ν_σ mode with the low frequency oscillators (ν_Q) of the medium and of the complex as such. Besides, the (ν_σ, ν_Q) and (ν_s, ν_σ) couplings cause a ν_s frequency shift. Both the band broadening and the frequency shift increase with higher force constants responsible for (ν_σ, ν_Q) mode coupling. Furthermore the Q_i low frequency stochastic vibrations directly modulate the ν_σ (AH…B) vibration and the free AH groups stretching vibration (ν^o_s) causing some broadening at their bands which is however several times smaller than the ν_s band broadening in the complex. Several examples are reported to confirm the proposed model.     

On the structural phase transition in rare earth elpasolites

The structural phase transition in two representatives of the rare earth elpasolite fluorides, Rb₂NaHoF₆ and Rb₂NaTmF₆, are studied in detail. The symmetry of the soft mode is determined from Raman spectra, X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data to be ₄ ⁺ . From the temperature dependence of the elastic constants of both compounds, estimates of various phase transition parameters are given, e.g. strain soft mode coupling constant and soft mode frequency. The softening of the elastic constants forT>T _c is explained by the strain coupling to the fluctuations of the soft mode coordinates. The energy of the soft phonon at the zone boundary is estimated from the data and compared with that of K₂ReCl₆. The phase transition mechanisms in rare earth elpasolites and hexahalometallates are discussed.     

X波段高功率微波选模定向耦合器

高功率、长脉冲是高功率微波技术发展的趋势,提高微波器件的功率容量成为一项重要的任务,使用过模器件可以有效提高微波源的功率容量,然而却会带来微波源中同时存在多种模式的问题。为了识别一个X波段长脉冲过模高功率微波源的输出主模TM01模式,设计了一种在线选模定向耦合器,进行了理论分析和模拟优化设计。当频率范围为9.2~9.6 GHz时,模拟结果显示该选模耦合器对TM01模的耦合度为-54 dB,在400 MHz带宽内定向性大于35 dB,对TM02模的抑制度大于15 dB,功率容量可达到3 GW以上。     

Coupling of the CDW and the water mode in K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3⋯3.2H2O

In previous work we have observed the amplitude mode of the charge density wave (CDW) in K₂Pt(CN)₄Br_0.3?3.2H₂O (KCP) by means of Raman scattering. New measurements made on deuterated material, K₂Pt(CN)₄Br_0.3?3.2D₂O (KCP1), show the same mode but shifted from 44 to 38 cm_?1, maintaining the symmetry properties and temperature dependence of frequency and linewidth. This considerable isotope effect is interpreted in terms of a coupling of the CDW with the water stretching mode, which by the deuteration is shifted from 3494 cm^?1 in KCP to 2560 cm^?1 in KCP1 according to the change in atomic mass. Both of these modes exhibit A₁(z) symmetry. At 5 K the resulting decoupled frequency of the CDW amplitude mode is 57 cm^?1, and the coupling energy about 140 cm^?1. A discussion of the temperature dependence of various important quantities is given. The present results show that the water molecules, which are located in between the Pt chains are strongly involved in the eigenvector of the CDW amplitude mode.     

两体组合坐标表象的建立、性质及应用

为了研究具有相互作用势和运动耦合的两个非全同的量子谐振子体系的动力学问题,利用有序算符乘积内的积分技术,建立了一种两粒子体系的组合坐标新表象|η₁,η₂〉,构造了一个双模压缩算符U并分析了其压缩特性. 应用组合坐标新表象严格求解了具有相互作用势和运动耦合的两个非全同的量子谐振子体系的动力学问题. 这为研究复杂耦合量子谐振子体系提供了一个有效途径. 关键词： 有序算符乘积内的积分技术 组合坐标表象 双模压缩算符 幺正矩阵     

Experimental Study of a Slot Antenna Excited by a TE011 Mode Coaxial Cavity

A slot antenna is developed to excite the high harmonic waveguide mode for generating large-area plasmas. This antenna consists of a TE₀₁₁ mode coaxial cavity with the axial slots positioned on equal interval on the inner wall. The waves radiated from those slots can excite the high harmonic mode in the central area. With the azimuthal symmetric wave field of the TE₀₁₁ mode, the number of the slots can be chosen to match the field pattern of the high harmonic mode. In this report, the dispersion relation of the coaxial waveguide, the coupling scheme and the mode competition of the cavity are studied. A method has been successfully developed to suppress the TE₁₂₁ mode which is the most competing mode to the TE₀₁₁ mode.     

Acoustic longitudinal mode coupling in w-shaped Al/Ge Co-doped fibre

This paper proposes a novel fibre structure aiming at distributed temperature and strain sensing. Utilizing Al₂O₃ and GeO₂ as dopants to form a w-shaped acoustic waveguide, it realizes modal coupling between longitudinal acoustic modes of its inner and outer core layers, leading to a dual-peak or multi-peak Brillouin gain spectrum. The relationship between the acoustic mode coupling properties and the fibre materials, doping concentrations and structural parameters are investigated, showing that the positions of mode coupling points in acoustic dispersion curves and the coupling intensities can be designed flexibly. A specific fibre design for the discriminative sensing of temperature and strain under a pump wavelength of 1.55 μm is given. The responses of its Brillouin gain properties on temperature and strain are analysed theoretically, demonstrating its potential for distributed fibre Brillouin sensing.