基于取样光纤布拉格光栅的全光纤拉曼测温分光系统设计及优化

为实现大气温度全天时和高精度主动遥感探测, 转动拉曼测温激光雷达的分光系统需要滤除强烈的背景光噪声, 以及对Mie-Rayleigh散射提供70 dB以上的带外抑制率. 本文提出了以可见光波段取样光纤布拉格光栅为核心的多级级联的特征光谱提取光路, 构建高抑制率的全光纤拉曼测温分光系统, 以实现大气温度的全天时和高精度探测. 根据分光系统光路的传输特性, 采用传输矩阵模型, 优化设计了影响取样光纤布拉格光栅带外抑制率的主要因素(折射率调制深度、栅区总长度、取样周期和占空比), 得到了优化的光谱分光系统参数. 利用该分光系统可实现太阳背景光强度和Mie-Rayleigh散射信号强度分别比转动拉曼散射信号强度弱40 dB和50 dB, 信噪比高于100时, 白天探测高度可达1.6 km. 该全光纤分光系统具有小型化、抗干扰和稳定性高的优点, 可为陆基及星载拉曼测温激光雷达提供一种全新的解决方案.     

间插取样光纤光栅多通道色散补偿器

对间插取样光纤光栅（ISFBG）进行了理论分析和仿真，给出了ISFBG的折射率表达式，提出了一种在较低的折射率调制深度条件下实现通道间平坦度较好的色散补偿器的制作方法.实验制作了由两个取样光纤光栅间插而成的10通道色散补偿器，其时延抖动大都小于20 ps，通道间平坦度小于1 dB.     

一种新颖的超结构光纤Bragg光栅梳状滤波器的设计

报道一种新颖的用于多波长光纤激光器的超结构光纤Bragg光栅（SFBG）梳状滤波器，其突出特点是仅由单个光栅构成、折射率调制和局部啁啾富于变化、反射峰均匀性好、窄带宽和标准的信道间隔.采用基于LP算法的IS光纤光栅设计技术，将整体加窗切趾法改进为各信道独立加窗切趾，成功地设计出所需的SFBG，同时对SFBG的制作技术也进行了探讨.用传输矩阵法分析反射谱、时延曲线和群时延抖动.结果表明，所设计的SFBG满足各项设计指标要求，在DWDM系统中，这种新颖的SFBG可望成为用于多波长光纤激光器的最理想的高性 能梳 关键词： 超结构光纤Bragg光栅 光栅设计 梳状滤波器     

基于闪耀光纤光栅的折射率传感技术实验研究

提出了一种基于闪耀光纤光栅传感技术的折射率测量新方法,即采用SLED作为光源,通过检测闪耀光纤光栅透射谱强度实现折射率的测量.实验证明,当环境折射率在1.372 3~1.453 2之间变化时,闪耀光纤光栅透射功率从0.611~0.472 mW线性下降,其灵敏度达到1.718 μW/（0.001折射率变化）.该检测方法具有结构简单、无需波长检测、灵敏度高、易于工程化等优点.     

Hybrid FBG–LPG sensor for surrounding refractive index and temperature simultaneous discrimination

In this work, we propose a configuration of a hybrid fiber Bragg grating together with a long period grating sensor used for simultaneously detect surrounding refractive index and temperature to be applied in aqueous environment and to reveal pollution. We present the simulation of such sensor and analyze the reflected wavelength and amplitude variations of the fiber Bragg grating spectrum to obtain the temperature and the external refractive index variations, respectively. The results show that the fiber Bragg grating reflected amplitude change depends on the variation of the long period grating transmission spectrum with the surrounding refractive index modification and the reflected wavelength shift depends on the temperature of the aqueous solution.     

Optical fiber Bragg grating hydrogen sensor based on evanescent-field interaction with palladium thin-film transducer

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in single-mode optical fibers are widely applied for measurement of temperature and strain. If exposing FBG sensors to an external analyte by planar side-polishing technique of the fiber, evanescent-field interaction yields a Bragg wavelength shift also by changing the refractive index of the analyte. Deposition of sensor-specific transducer layers on the side-polished fiber can specify this spectrally encoding and network-capable optochemical fiber Bragg grating refractometry to the monitoring of specific substances, absorbed gases and vapors. In this paper, the sensor principle is demonstrated for the example of a hydrogen gas sensor based on a palladium thin-film transducer. Hydrogen in 0.1–4% volume concentration range can be monitored by the spectral shift of the Bragg wavelength, which is caused by the decreasing complex refractive index of Pd with increasing absorption of hydrogen.     

Fabrication of Tunable Sampled Nonlinearly Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings with a Simple Method

In this letter a simple method for fabricating tunable sampled nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings (SNCFBGs) is demonstrated experimentally. A SNCFBG is formed when tension is applied to an etched sampled fiber Bragg grating (SFBG), whose cross-section area's reciprocal varies along the length of the SFBG. The chirp of the grating period and the sampled period can be tuned by adjusting the strain gradients, and the dispersion and dispersion slope can also be compensated.     

Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature Using a Hybrid Fiber Bragg Grating/Long-Period Fiber Grating Configuration

Abstract

A fiber optic sensing system for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature, based on a hybrid fiber Bragg grating/long-period grating arrangement is described. The experimental results show that this setup has a good performance in terms of linearity and sensitivity, the ratiometric output changes 4%/0.001 RIU and 3.6%/°C, respectively. The sensor resolution for the refractive index is ≈2 × 10^?5 RIU. The simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and temperature was demonstrated. The sensing configuration has the ability to be read-out in reflection and works in the telecommunications window.     

菲波纳契准周期超结构光纤光栅

采用相位掩模板扫描法,在单模光敏光纤中制备了中心波长为1 541.86 nm,菲波纳契序数为0～9的准周期超结构光栅.通过模拟引入相移过程中纤芯折射率的改变对制作参量进行了优化.传输矩阵分析与实验结果均表明,该超结构光纤光栅的透射谱呈现分形结构,在中心波长附近有六循环和自相似特性.所制备超结构光栅可作为C波段分形结构滤波器件在光通信和全光集成领域得到应用.     

Rapid fabrication of microhole array structured optical fibers

A microhole array in a common single-mode fiber is fabricated by selective chemical etching of femtosecond-laser-induced fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which has a laser-modified region extending from the fiber core to the cladding-air boundary due to laser self-focusing. The shape and size of the orderly microhole on the fiber surface are controlled via changing conditions of FBG fabrication and chemical etching. A simultaneous sensing for surrounding refractive index and temperature is demonstrated by this microhole array FBG through measurement of the transmission power change and Bragg resonant wavelength shift.     

Simultaneous temperature and refractive index measurement of liquid using a local micro-structured fiber Bragg grating

An alternative solution for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index is presented. A local micro-structured fiber Bragg grating（LMSFBG）is formed as the sensing head,in which a standard grating is etched by HF.According to the phase shift theory,the main spectral change of the LMSFBG is the formation of a narrow allowed band,which is strongly dependent on the etching features and the surrounding refractive index.As such,the temperature and refractive index measurements can be achieved by the shifts of the double peaks and narrow allowed band,and their fitting linearity coefficients are 0.996 and 0.994,respectively.Thus,the reflection and transmission peaks of the LMSFBG have a good linear relationship with temperature and refractive index.     

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature using dual-period grapefruit microstructured fiber grating

By cascading the long period fiber grating (LPFG) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in grapefruit microstructured fiber, a novel dual-period fiber grating sensor is proposed. The refractive index and temperature are measured simultaneously by using the different sensitivity of FBG and LPFG. The relationship between dual-period fiber grating transmission spectrum and refractive index, resonant wavelengths and temperature are analyzed theoretically, respectively. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the sensor in measuring refractive index and temperature is estimated to be 2319.6 nm/RIU in a range from 1.33 to 1.36 and 0.017 nm/°C from 0 °C to 100 °C, respectively. Thus, the sensor has high refractive index sensitivity, and can provide the theoretical foundation for the optical fiber biosensor.     

Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index of Liquid Using Cladding-Etched Double-Core Fiber Bragg Grating

Abstract

This study proposed and demonstrated a fiber Bragg grating sensor for simultaneous detection of the temperature and refractive index of a liquid. The fiber Bragg grating is composed of three index layers: an inner core, an outer core, and a cladding. The cladding was etched for evanescent wave coupling between the outer core mode and an external liquid. The Bragg wavelength of the inner core mode is used for obtaining temperature data, while the refractive index for the liquid was determined by using the difference between the Bragg wavelength of the inner core mode and that of outer core mode.     

菲波纳契准周期超结构光纤光栅

采用相位掩模板扫描法,在单模光敏光纤中制备了中心波长为1 541.86 nm,菲波纳契序数为0~9的准周期超结构光栅.通过模拟引入相移过程中纤芯折射率的改变对制作参量进行了优化.传输矩阵分析与实验结果均表明,该超结构光纤光栅的透射谱呈现分形结构,在中心波长附近有六循环和自相似特性.所制备超结构光栅可作为C波段分形结构滤波器件在光通信和全光集成领域得到应用.     

少模光纤布拉格光栅折射率传感的分析与测量

理论分析和模拟计算了少模光纤布拉格光栅基模及高阶模的耦合与传输特性,得到在相同外部折射率变化情况下,少模光纤基模与高阶模耦合对应的布拉格波长变化,比正、反向基模之间耦合对应的布拉格波长变化显著增大.实验上制作了少模光纤布拉格光栅,测量了基模之间以及基模与高阶模之间对应的布拉格波长随外部折射率、温度变化的情况,得到与理论分析相符的结果.而对于温度变化对折射率测量结果干扰的问题,提出了通过计算布拉格波长差来克服温度影响的方法.这些结果为采用布拉格光纤光栅测量外部折射率变化提供了一种新的途径.     

不同包层直径的倾斜光纤光栅折射率传感特性

倾斜光纤光栅的透射谱中有纤芯模和大量的包层模,它们具有与布拉格光栅相同的温度特性.利用HF酸腐蚀的方法得到具有不同包层直径的倾斜光纤光栅,研究了其对外界折射率的传感特性.结果表明,外界环境折射率在1.333～1.4532之间变化时,同一直径倾斜光纤光栅的高阶包层模的敏感性要比低阶包层模强;随着包层直径的减小,包层模的敏感性增强,且在折射率比较高的环境中有更高的敏感性.因此,利用倾斜光纤光栅的温度特性不仅可以解决温度交叉敏感问题,而且通过小同的腐蚀程度能定制所需要的灵敏度,以实现对环境折射率的高灵敏度测量.该办法可应用于对生物和化学等高灵敏度传感领域的各种溶液进行实时监控.     

用于光纤布拉格光栅法布里-珀罗腔的改进的Rouard算法

比较了光纤布拉格光栅法布里一珀罗腔的极限法、平衡法及传输矩阵法3种算法,证明了它们是一致的,指出了光纤布拉格光栅复振幅传输矩阵的相移特性对法布里一珀罗腔透射率的影响.对计算任意折射率调制的光纤布拉格光栅的Rouard算法进行了改进,在分层方法中考虑了折射率分布初始相位的影响,获得了更为准确的反射复振幅相位特性,将该结果应用于计算光纤布拉格光栅法布里一珀罗腔,得到了光纤布拉格光栅法布里一珀罗腔具有多峰结构的透射谱,并经过实验验证了该理论的正确性.     

基于少模-无芯-少模光纤结构的高灵敏度折射率传感器

光纤折射率传感器广泛应用于各种复杂环境的监测。设计了一种基于少模光纤（fewmode fiber,FMF）–无芯光纤（coreless fiber,CLF）–FMF结构的高灵敏度折射率传感器。该传感器由2小段FMF之间熔接1段减薄的CLF组成马赫-增德尔干涉仪（Mach–Zehnder interference,MZI）,测量外界折射率,利用光纤布拉格光栅（fiber Bragg grating,FBG）进行温度补偿。MZI干涉光谱中的谐振波谷同时受折射率和温度影响,FBG只受温度的影响。利用MZI和FBG的折射率和温度灵敏度系数构建灵敏度矩阵,实现折射率和温度的同步测量。实验结果表明,MZI折射率灵敏度为345.66 nm/RIU,温度灵敏度为0.013 4 nm/℃;FBG的温度灵敏度为0.010 4 nm/℃。     

Concentration and refractive index sensor for methanol using short period grating fiber

This paper reports on the spectral (response) characteristics of fiber Bragg grating sensor to various methanol concentrations. A complete experimental analysis on the use of Ge-B co-doped fiber Bragg grating sensor for a concentration and refractive index measurement is presented. The spectral changes in the grating response due to variation of concentration have been investigated in relation to new sensing configurations. The results also highlight the possibilities of using the sensor for medical and biological applications.     

Accurate analysis for reflection-peak bandwidths of sampled fiber Bragg gratings without chirp based on multiple-phase-shift technique

Dense comb-like reflective spectrum is available for a sampled fiber Bragg grating (SFBG) by using multiple-phase-shift (MPS) technique. The expressions for the reflection-peak bandwidths of a uniform SFBG based on MPS technique are derived through Fourier transform of the index modulation. The new expressions can be used to accurately calculate the reflection-peak bandwidths as taking the parameters into account, such as the duty cycle and the “AC” index change. The simulation spectrum based on the transfer matrix method agrees well with the theoretical analysis.