The magnetic susceptibility of hydrogen-doped partially crystalline (Zr76Ni24)1−xHx metallic glasses

The magnetizations of Zr₇₆Ni₂₄ metallic glass and hydrogen-doped partially crystalline (Zr₇₆Ni₂₄)_1−xH_x metallic glasses have been measured in the temperature range 10-300 K and magnetic fields up to 2 T for various dopant concentrations (x=0, 0.024, 0.043, 0.054). It is found that the samples are paramagnetic and magnetic susceptibility at room temperature, χ(300 K), shows a nonmonotonic behaviour upon hydrogenation. The values of χ(300 K) of the hydrogen-doped partially crystalline (Zr₇₆Ni₂₄)_1−xH_x metallic glasses are reduced with increase in hydrogen content up to x=0.043, whereas for x=0.054, an enhancement of χ(300 K) has been revealed. The magnetic susceptibility is weakly temperature dependent down to 110 K, below which an increase is observed. A shallow minimum exists between 90 and 120 K. The form and magnitude of the observed temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility are well accounted for by the sum of the quantum corrections to the magnetic susceptibility. Hydrogen reduces the electronic diffusion constant and influences strongly the quantum interference at defects, slowing down the spin diffusion and enhancing the magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range from 110 down to 10 K.     

A pseudopotential approach to the superconducting state parameters of (Ni33Zr67)1? x M x (M=Ti, V, Co, Cu) ternary metallic glasses

Superconductivity in ternary metallic glasses has been investigated using the model pseudopotential approach, which has been found quite successful in explaining superconductivity in metals, binary alloys and binary glasses. It is observed that this simple methodology successfully explains superconducting behaviour of ternary glasses without requiring the solution of Dirac equation for a many body problem or estimation of various interactions as required in ab-initio pseudopotential theory. In the present work superconducting state parameters of fourteen metallic glasses of (Ni-Zr)-M system (M=Ti, V, Co, Cu) have been determined in the BCS-Eliashberg-McMillan framework. It is observed that addition of V, Co, and Cu as the third element (M) to a binary metallic glass (Ni₃₃ Zr₆₇) causes the parameters λ,T _c, α, andN ₀ V to decrease, and Coulomb pseudopotential (μ*) to increase with concentration of M, showing that the presence of third element (M) causes suppression of superconducting behaviour of the alloy. The decrease inT _c with increasing concentration of third element (M) may be attributed to the modifications in density of states at the Fermi levelN(E _F), and probable changes in the band structure of the alloy due to addition of the third element (M). Slight difference is noticed when Ti is added to the Ni₃₃ Zr₆₇ alloy. In this caseT _c rises initially and then decreases with concentration of M, showing a peak at aboutx=0.05. This indicates that on addition of Ti, 3d states grow near the Fermi level and hence contribute substantially toN(E _F), favouring superconducting behaviour in this case. The present results forT _c show an excellent agreement with the experimental data. QuadraticT _c equations have been proposed, which provide successfully theT _c values of ternary metallic glasses under consideration. Paper presented at National Conference on Current Trends in Condensed Matter Research, Warangal, India, September 20–22, 2004.     

Positron studies of defect structures in metallic glasses

A variety of metallic glasses (Cu_xZr_100?x with x = 30, 40 and 50, Ni₂₄Zr₇₆ and RE₆₇ Co₃₃, RE = Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er) were studied using 2γ angular correlation techniques. Significant positron trapping is observed in all the glassy alloys investigated. The defect structure changes drastically during crystallization. For the RE-Co glasses the results suggest the existence of vacancy-like defects in the amorphous alloys.     

Combinatorial arc plasma deposition search for Ru-based thin film metallic glass

We have discovered a novel Ru-based thin film metallic glass (TFMG) using combinatorial arc plasma deposition (CAPD). To search for Ru-based TFMG, alloy systems of Ru-Zr-Al, Ru-Zr-Fe and Ru-Zr-Mo were investigated by making libraries. Each library consisted of 1089 CAPD samples deposited on a substrate by CAPD. Composition of each sample is different with each other.The composition and phases of the CAPD samples were measured by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffractometry, respectively. Results showed the amorphous regions depended on the additive elements Al, Fe or Mo. Compared with the addition of Al, the addition of Fe or Mo exhibited high amorphous forming ability.To evaluate the mechanical properties, the glass transition temperature T_g and the crystallization temperature T_x of the amorphous samples in each Ru-Zr-X alloy, larger samples having the same compositions as the typical amorphous CAPD samples were reproduced by sputtering because the CAPD samples were too small to measure the mechanical properties, T_g and T_x.Ru₆₅Zr₃₀Al₅ and Ru₆₇Zr₂₅Al₈ samples were found to exhibit the better fracture stress and elastic limit than conventional TFMGs, while Ru-Zr-Fe and Ru-Zr-Mo samples were found to be brittle. DSC revealed that the Ru₆₅Zr₃₀Al₅ sample was a TFMG, with a T_g of 902 K and T_x of 973 K.     

Design of high T g Zr-based metallic glasses using atomistic simulation and experiment

In this paper, we systematically investigate local atomic structures of Zr_100?x Al _x (0???x???72) alloys using molecular dynamics simulations. Radial distribution functions of Zr-Al configurations at 300 K indicate that Zr-Al metallic glasses form only when the Al atomic concentration is larger than 32%. Voronoi polyhedral analysis shows that Zr₄₀Al₆₀ has the highest fraction of ?0,0,12,0? icosahedra around Al atoms, which are characteristic of amorphous microstructures. Variations of thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity of Zr_100?x Al _x (40???x???72) metallic glasses as a function of temperature from 1100 to 800?K reveal that Zr₄₀Al₆₀ has the highest transition temperature of 1008?K. To confirm the simulation results, Zr-Al metallic glasses were fabricated using co-sputtering deposition; differential scanning calorimetry testing suggests the highest crystallisation-onset temperature of above 920?K is within Zr_100?x Al _x where 43?<?x?<?61. The experimental finding is in a good agreement with the simulation predictions.     

Thermal properties and structures of chlorocadmate, bromocadmate, and bromochlorocadmate glasses

Glass transition temperatures (T_g), crystallization temperatures (T_x), and ¹¹³Cd magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of the chlorocadmate, bromocadmate, and bromochlorocadmate glasses and the CdCl₂, CdBrCl, and CdBr₂ crystals have been measured. The T_g and T_x, and thermal stabilities (T_x−T_g) decreased with increasing Br-content. No enhancement of (T_x−T_g) of bromochlorocadmate glasses by anion-mixing was observed. The CdCl₂ and CdBr₂ crystals gave the isotropic chemical shifts of 183 and −24 ppm, which are assigned to the CdCl₆ and CdBr₆ octahedra, respectively. The isotropic chemical shifts of CdBrCl crystal (186, 166, 135, 101, 63, 25 and −21 ppm) were assigned to CdBr_nCl_(6−n) (n=0-6) octahedra, respectively. It was found that the Br and Cl atoms in CdBrCl randomly occupy chlorine sites in the CdCl₂ structure. The ¹¹³Cd MAS NMR spectra revealed that the chlorocadmate, bromocadmate, and bromochlorocadmate glasses are composed of the CdCl₆, CdBr₆ and CdBr_nCl_(6−n) octahedra (n=0-6), respectively, and that the Cd²⁺ in all the bromochlorocadmate glasses was more preferentially bonded to Br⁻ than Cl⁻. The relationship between the thermal properties and the anion coordination environments around Cd²⁺ in these glasses is discussed.     

Acoustic characteristics of Ni–Nb–Zr–H glassy alloys by ultrasonic shear waves

The propagation characteristics of shear horizontally polarized (SH) waves passing through (Ni₄₂Nb₂₈Zr₃₀)_100–x H_x (x = 0–15.2) glassy alloys were investigated as a function of hydrogen content. With an increase in hydrogen content, the propagation time and main frequency of the receiving waves show increase and decrease, respectively, indicating expan‐ sion in average atomic distance which comes from solution of hydrogen. In sharp contrast to crystalline alloys, the decrease in damping ratio and the delay in phase with increasing hydrogen suggest a strong settlement of hydrogen into four‐coordination sites surrounded tetrahedrally by four Zr atoms and the resulting increase in dynamic elasticity, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Absorption and emission properties of Nd in lithium cesium mixed alkali borate glasses

Lithium cesium mixed alkali borate glasses of the composition 67B₂O₃·xLi₂O·(32−x)Cs₂O (where x=8, 12, 16, 20 and 24) containing 1 mol% Nd₂O₃ were prepared by melt quenching. The absorption spectra of Nd³⁺ were studied from the experimental oscillator strengths and the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were obtained. The intensity parameters are used to determine the radiative decay rates (emission probabilities of transitions) (A_T), branching ratios (β) and integrated absorption cross-sections (Σ) of the Nd³⁺ transitions from the excited state J manifolds to the lower lying J′ manifolds. Radiative lifetimes (τ_R) are estimated for certain excited states of Nd³⁺ in these mixed alkali borate glasses. Luminescence spectra were measured and the emission cross-sections (σ_p) were evaluated for the three emission transitions. The variation of luminescence intensity with x was recorded for the three transitions at different excitation power to see the effect of mixed alkalies in these borate glasses.     

Compression Behaviour of Bulk Metallic Glasses and Binary Amorphous Alloy

The compression properties of Zr41Ti14Cu12.aNi10Be22.5, Zr44.4Nb7Cu13.5Ni10.8Be24.3 bulk metallic glasses and Ni77P23 binary amorphous alloy are investigated at room temperature up to 24 GPa, 39 GPa and 30.5 GPa, respectively, using in-situ high pressure energy dispersive x-ray diffraction with a synchrotron radiation source. The pressure-volume relationship of Ni77P23 amorphous alloy is consistent well with the second order BirchMurnaghan （B-M） equation within the experimental pressure range. However, under higher pressure, the experimental data of Zr-based specimens deviate from the B-M equation. Compare to the binary amorphous alloy less excess free volume existing in the bulk metallic glass and multi-component atomic configuration results in a two-stage relationship between compressibility and pressure.     

块体金属玻璃Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5的超导与负电阻温度系数

测量了块体金属玻璃Zr_46.75Ti_8.25Cu_7.5Ni₁₀Be_27.5在退火前后其电阻值随温度的变化,测量的温度范围为1.5—300K.样品在退火前后都发现有超导现象.零磁场下其超导转变温度T_c分别为1.84和3.76K.在5—300K温度范围内,原始样品具有负的电阻温度系数.如果取Zr, Ti, Cu, Ni及Be分别贡献出1.5, 1.5, 0.5, 0.5及两个传导 关键词： 块体金属玻璃 超导 电阻温度系数     

Electrical switching and thermal studies on Ge22Te78−xIx chalcohalide glasses: The effect of iodine on network-topology

Investigations on the electrical switching behavior and thermal studies using Alternating Differential Scanning Calorimetry have been undertaken on bulk, melt-quenched Ge₂₂Te_78−xI_x (3≤x≤10) chalcohalide glasses. All the glasses studied have been found to exhibit memory-type electrical switching. The threshold voltages of Ge₂₂Te_78−xI_x glasses have been found to increase with the addition of iodine and the composition dependence of threshold voltages of Ge₂₂Te_78−xI_x glasses exhibits a cusp at 5 at.% of iodine. Also, the variation with composition of the glass transition temperature (T_g) of Ge₂₂Te_78−xI_x glasses, exhibits a broad hump around this composition. Based on the present results, the composition x=5 has been identified as the inverse rigidity percolation threshold at which Ge₂₂Te_78−xI_x glassy system exhibits a change from a stressed rigid amorphous solid to a flexible polymeric glass. Further, a sharp minimum is seen in the composition dependence of non-reversing enthalpy () of Ge₂₂Te_78−xI_x glasses at x=5, which is suggestive of a thermally reversing window at this composition.     

Chemical vapor deposition of ZrxTi1−xO2 and HfxTi1−xO2 thin films using the composite anhydrous nitrate precursors

Zr-Ti and Hf-Ti composite nitrates were successfully developed as single-source precursors for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Zr_xTi_1−xO₂ and Hf_xTi_1−xO₂ thin films. The Zr-Ti nitrate can be assumed as a solid solution of the individual Zr and Ti nitrates, and the Zr/Ti molar ratio in the deposited Zr_xTi_1−xO₂ films is consistent with that in the precursor. The Hf-Ti nitrate appears to be a mixture of the Hf and Ti nitrates and the composition of the deposited Hf_xTi_1−xO₂ films depends remarkably on the heating time of precursor. Both Zr_xTi_1−xO₂ and Hf_xTi_1−xO₂ films exhibit trade-off properties between band gap and dielectric constant. The obtained results suggest that Zr_xTi_1−xO₂ and Hf_xTi_1−xO₂ films are promising candidates for gate dielectric application to improve the scalability and reduce the leakage current of the future complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices.     

Photoemission study of Pd Zr and Cu Zr alloys

The XPS valence bands and core levels of the alloys Pd_1?xZr_x (0<x<1) and Cu_1?xZr_x (0<x<1) have been measured. The alloys prepared by coevaporation are crystalline — but their valence band spectra are close to those of the metallic glasses of the same compositions. The large valence band and core level shifts observed for Pd can be explained by a simple theory, not necessitating the postulation of a new type of bonding in these systems.     

Electron energy loss for two transition metal-transition metal glasses

Electron energy loss data are reported for metallic glasses Fe_0.92Zr_0.08 and Ni_0.5Zr_0.5. These data document the sensitivity of the spectra to sample thickness and suggest studies of metallic glasses require samples that are nearly $\text{1}\text{2}$ an order of magnitude “thinner” than crystalline alloys. Each electron energy loss spectrum has a dominant loss near 23–25 eV which is similar to the loss function of the pure 3-d metal. This lack of a shift in the location of the dominant loss challenges any simple model of plasmon behavior. The M₂₃ core losses are visible in the “thinner” samples and, in agreement with earlier studies on metal-metalloid glasses, no measureable chemical shift is observed.     

Investigation of short‐range structural order in Zr69.5Cu12Ni11Al7.5 and Zr41.5Ti41.5Ni17 glasses,using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

Short‐range order has been investigated in Zr_69.5Cu₁₂Ni₁₁Al_7.5 and Zr_41.5Ti_41.5Ni₁₇ metallic glasses using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. While both of these alloys are good glass formers, there is a difference in their glass‐forming abilities (Zr_41.5Ti_41.5Ni₁₇ > Zr_69.5Cu₁₂Ni₁₁Al_7.5). This difference is explained by inciting the relative importance of strong chemical order, icosahedral content, cluster symmetry and configuration diversity.     

Characterization and electrical properties of V2O5-CuO-P2O5 glasses

Characterization and electrical properties of vanadium-copper-phosphate glasses of compositions xV₂O₅-(40−x)CuO-60P₂O₅ have been reported. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the amorphous nature of these glasses. It was observed that, the density (d) decreases gradually while the molar volume (V_m) increases with the increase of the vanadium oxide content in such glasses. This may be due to the effect of the polarizing power strength, PPS, which is a measure of ratio of the cation valance to its diameter. The dc conductivity increases while the activation energy decreases with the increase of the V₂O₅ content. The dc conductivity in the present glasses is electronic and depends strongly upon the average distance, R, between the vanadium ions. Analysis of the electrical properties has been made in the light of small polaron hopping model. The parameters obtained from the fits of the experimental data to this model are reasonable and consistent with glass composition. The conduction is attributed to non-adiabatic hopping of small polaron.     

非晶态贮氢材料锆镍合金的结构研究

本文报道了非晶态贮氢合金在吸氢前、后两种情况下作X射线散射分析得到的结果。根据对实验得到的径向分布函数RDF(r),简约径向分布函数G(r)的分析,表明吸氢后氢原子主要进入单一由锆原子组成的四面体间隙中,少部分进入由一个镍原子、三个锆原子组成的四面体间隙中;非晶态Ni_0.243Zr_0.757合金的平均配位数为10.6,内部原子配位情况在吸氢前后没有改变;样品在约20?范围内具有短程有序结构。 关键词：     

Correlation between the atomic and electronic structure of metallic glasses

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer and photoemission measurements were performed on meltquenched amorphous Fe(Zr, B) and (Fe, Ni)B alloys. The atomic and electronic structure of Fe₉₀Zr₁₀ and Fe₈₈B₁₂ glasses were found to be different. Half of the Zr content could be replaced by B in the Fe₉₀Zr₁₀ glass without changing its structure. Mossbauer investigation of the amorphous (Fe_1?xNi_x)_100?yB_y (0<=x<=0.80, 12<=y<=40) system indicates preferential arrangement of Fe and Ni atoms on the transition metal sites. According to the present XPS measurements there is a remarkable shift of 0.5 eV to higher binding energies of the B ls core level energy in the Ni rich glasses compared to Fe₈₈B₁₂ corresponding to a stronger binding between the Ni and the B atoms than that of Fe and B.     

Short-range order in metallic Co−Zr glasses

For melt-spun metallic Co_xZr_100–x glasses (22x53) the total pair correlation functionG(r) has been derived from X-ray diffraction measurements. In most samples, the first maximum ofG(r) can be resolved into two single maxima belonging to the Co–Zr and Zr–Zr nearest-neighbor distance, respectively. Partial correlation numbers are estimated in the whole concentration range. The density of the samples has been measured with a buoyancy method. It is compared to those of otherM–Zr glasses (M=Fe, Ni, Cu) and to predictions deduced from Miedema's model of alloy formation.     

金属玻璃(Cu1-xNix)33Zr67合金的低温电阻率

本文研究了金属玻璃(Cu_1-xNi_x)₃₃Zr₆₇合金的低温电阻输运特性。在较宽的温区(2—273K)测试了电阻率,测量结果符合Mooij判据。样品电阻率随温度的变化行为与双能级隧道模型符合较好。 关键词：