声纳导流罩吸声障板声学特性的研究

本文研究内容属于舰艇声兼容性技术研究的一部分。应用声学软件SYSNOISE计算了,声纳定向发射时某试验用声纳导流罩及尾部吸声障板的声场特性,同时进行相同工况的水下模型试验。计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,说明应用声学软件对声纳声场进行计算是一种可行的方法,有可能推广至其他的水下模型的声场计算。结果数据反映了吸声障板对声纳定向发射时声场的影响,为舰艇总体声纳导流罩内吸声障板的结构设计、声兼容设计提供依据。     

有限长线声源斜面声场分析

为了进一步研究有限长线声源的声场特性,完善有限长线声源声场理论,建立了有限长线声源斜面声场的模型,提出了其理论计算方法。基于仿真结果和数据分析,探讨并得到了有限长线声源斜面声场特性的三个参数与斜面声场特性之间的关系。通过调整斜面倾角α、交点的位置r0以及有限长线声源的长度L,可以有效改善斜面声场的分布。     

薄壁球形导流罩对矢量水听器接收性能的影响

在实际使用时,为了减小流噪声对矢量水听器的影响,将其放置在流线型较好的导流罩内,因此对导流罩内矢量声场的计算是非常必要的。以水下弹性球壳为研究对象,从理论上研究了弹性薄球壳声透射对矢量水听器声场测量的影响;推导了平面声波对弹性球壳声透射的矢量声场数学表达式,计算了不同壳体参数下内充水弹性球壳的声透射矢量声场对矢量水听器各通道声波接收响应幅值和相位以及各通道接收指向性的影响。理论分析表明,弹性薄球壳透射声场对矢量水听器接收声场的影响与壳体机械阻抗和水听器安装位置密切相关,水听器安装偏差对其声场测量影响比较大。     

水下等离子体声源的聚束特性研究

分析水下等离子体声源的反射聚束特性,对研究和应用水下定向辐射技术具有重要的指导意义。对不同曲面障板的反射规律做了分析,利用Euler方程建立了水下等离子体声源的聚束声场分布模型,利用迎风型WENO格式对方程进行求解,仿真计算了两种曲面障板的聚束过程和声场分布特性,并设计相关实验对仿真结果进行了验证。研究结果表明,仿真结果与实验测量结果基本吻合,得到的声场云图较为直观地反映了声源的反射聚束特性,证明了仿真模型的有效性,为进一步研究水下定向辐射技术、提高声源级奠定了基础。     

任意阵形水声换能器阵辐射声场计算

本文用边界元的方法计算了阵形任意的水声发射换能器共形阵的辐射声场。在详细研究了边界元方法基本理论的基础上，采用Pro／ENGINEER软件与ANSYS软件相结合来建立换能器阵的边界元模型，再用SYSNOISE软件计算其辐射声场和辐射阻抗。这种声场计算方法可用于发射换能器阵设计阶段对设计结果进行预报。     

四壁倾斜水池点源低频声场特性的理论计算及实验测量

本文对哈船院柴油机水下排气噪声实验用四壁倾斜水池的低频声场特性进行了理论计算和实验测量。在理论上采用边界无法对水池点源声场进行数值模似，并将计算结果与球面波扩展规律进行比较。利用柴油机水下排气管口体积脉动声辐射作为声源在柴油机排气频率范围内和常用测点区域内对水池进行声场特性测量。这一工作对柴油机水下排气噪声的实验研究和理论预报有一定的指导作用。     

小阻尼界面房间声传输函数和声脉冲响应函数的有限元素法

有限元法可用于以声波动方程为基础通过数值计算求解室内声场,适用于分析界面阻抗非均匀分布和复杂形状房间内声场的低频特性。本文首先介绍了小阻尼界面条件下室内声场简正方式、声衰变系数、混响时间的ＦＥＭ计算方法。在此基础上导出了房间内两点之间声传输函数和声脉冲响应函数的ＦＥＭ计算模型,并以矩形房间为例详细讨论了有关细节。本文所讨论的计算模型可以映房间内不同的声源点,接收点位置上的声压频谱特性和脉冲响应的时     

工程声学中的有限元法

近年来,有限元法已经在工程声学中应用。例如,分析不规则房间内的声场,分析电声换能器的振动问题以及用来评价抗性消声器的特性等。本文讨论用有限元法求解波动方程。用有限元法计算了不规则形状房间的简正频率。比较了线性插值函数和三次插值函数的计算结果和本征值的收敛性。通过二维模型的计算,证明了房间形状的不规则性对室内扩散声场没有影响。     

射线模型Bellhop的并行化处理

射线模型是声场计算时常用的模型之一,为了使射线模型Bellhop实现对声场的快速计算,该文基于Bellhop传播模型的C++版本BellhopC开发了并行化射线模型BellhopMP。在并行的处理过程中,结合高斯射线理论,利用多线程技术,建立稳定可靠的并行模型,实现快速声场预报。文章通过仿真实验验证了该模型计算声场的准确性,并通过典型海洋波导下的声传播问题对其并行计算性能进行了测试。结果表明使用BellhopMP能够大幅度提高计算速度,有效解决深海远程等长时间声场计算问题,并且串行所需的计算时间越长,并行效率越高。     

螺旋型电磁超声辐射声场对缺陷检测影响的 计算机模拟*

电磁超声(EMAT)作为一种非接触超声检测技术，已得到了普遍的关注和研究。然而，EMAT目前只得到了一些有限的应用，尤其在缺陷探伤应用方面还不能替代压电超声，深入探究其原因并加以改进，对推动EMAT在缺陷检测方面的应用具有重要意义。利用有限元方法建立了螺旋型EMAT模型，分析了其辐射声场和声场特征；通过将有限元计算所得到的洛伦兹力分布简化为门函数，并结合格林函数法，得到了螺旋型EMAT辐射声场的简化解析结果。这些方法可用于计算螺旋型EMAT辐射声场指向性以及在缺陷检测中比较关心的一些特征参数，如扩散角、偏离角等参数。通过螺旋型EMAT辐射声场实验，验证了理论分析结果。通过与压电超声检测理论与实验的对比，研究认为：螺旋型EMAT辐射声场的具有横波和纵波等多种波模及多种模态转换的特点，以及相对复杂的异型声场几何分布等复杂特性，使其在缺陷检测应用方面受到局限。这些研究方法对改进EMAT设计，优化控制EMAT辐射声场，拓展EMAT在缺陷检测方面的应用具有参考价值。     

水声环境对声纳作用距离影响的一种定量分析方法

本文分析了目标参数估计误差对声纳作用距离预报的影响,在此基础上,提出了一种预防方法,以减小目标参数估计误差,较客观地反映水声环境对声纳作用距离的影响。     

进入21世纪的声纳技术

海洋开发和反潜战的需求是推动声纳技术开发的巨大动力，水声物理、水声信号处理及相关学科的发展又促使声纳设计日趋完善，本文介绍声纳技术在进入21世纪时所面临的机遇和挑战；水声信号处理领域近期研究的热点问题以及声纳系统设计中的技术创新课题。     

Comparison between visual and passive acoustic detection of finless porpoises in the Yangtze River, China

Recently, sonar signals and other sounds produced by cetaceans have been used for acoustic detection of individuals and groups in the wild. However, the detection probability ascertained by concomitant visual survey has not been demonstrated extensively. The finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) have narrow band and high-frequency sonar signals, which are distinctive from background noises. Underwater sound monitoring with hydrophones (B&K8103) placed along the sides of a research vessel, concurrent with visual observations was conducted in the Yangtze River from Wuhan to Poyang Lake in 1998 in China. The peak to peak detection threshold was set at 133 dB re 1 ,EPa. With this threshold level, porpoises could be detected reliably within 300 m of the hydrophone. In a total of 774-km cruise, 588 finless porpoises were sighted by visual observation and 44 ,864 ultrasonic pulses were recorded by the acoustical observation system. The acoustic monitoring system could detect the presence of the finless porpoises 82% of the time. A false alarm in the system occurred with a frequency of 0.9%. The high-frequency acoustical observation is suggested as an effective method for field surveys of small cetaceans, which produce high-frequency sonar signals.     

Bubble acoustical scattering cross section under multi-frequency acoustic excitation

The acoustical scattering cross section is usually employed to evaluate the scattering ability of the bubbles when they are excited by the incident acoustic waves. This parameter is strongly related to many important applications of performance prediction for search sonar or underwater telemetry, acoustical oceanography, acoustic cavitation, volcanology, and medical and industrial ultrasound. In the present paper, both the analytical and numerical analysis results of the acoustical scattering cross section of a single bubble under multi-frequency excitation are obtained. The nonlinear characteristics(e.g.,harmonics, subharmonics, and ultraharmonics) of the scattering cross section curve under multi-frequency excitation are investigated compared with single-frequency excitation. The influence of several paramount parameters(e.g., bubble equilibrium radius, acoustic pressure amplitude, and acoustic frequencies) in the multi-frequency system on the predictions of scattering cross section is discussed. It is shown that the combination resonances become significant in the multi-frequency system when the acoustic power is big enough, and the acoustical scattering cross section is promoted significantly within a much broader range of bubble sizes and acoustic frequencies due to the generation of more resonances.     

PSPICE controlled-source models of analogous circuit for Langevin type piezoelectric transducer

The design and construction of wide-band and high efficiency acoustical projector has long been considered an art beyond the capabilities of many smaller groups. Langevin type piezoelectric transducers have been the most candidate of sonar array system applied in underwater communication. The transducers are fabricated, by bolting head mass and tail mass on both ends of stacked piezoelectric ceramic, to satisfy the multiple, conflicting design for high power transmitting capability. The aim of this research is to study the characteristics of Langevin type piezoelectric transducer that depend on different metal loading. First, the Mason equivalent circuit is used to model the segmented piezoelectric ceramic, then, the impedance network of tail and head masses is deduced by the Newton's theory. To obtain the optimal solution to a specific design formulation, PSPICE controlled-source programming techniques can be applied. A valid example of the application of PSPICE models for Langevin type transducer analysis is presented and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.     

Influences of pump wavelength and environment temperature on the dual-peaked Brillouin property of a small-core microstructure fiber

The influences of the pump wavelength and temperature on the dual-peaked Brillouin property of a piece of a small-core microstructure fiber are investigated using the heterodyne method. The experimental results indicate that the dispersion characteristics of the acoustical modes participating in the Brillouin scattering are formed by the coupling of two acoustical modes with different acoustical field distributions. The influence of the pump wavelength can contribute to the variation of the acoustical mode wave vectors. On the other hand, the influence of the environment temperature can contribute to the shift of acoustical mode dispersion map by the variation of the material mechanical parameters and thermal expansion. The model and experiment results demonstrate that the height ratio of the two Brillouin peaks can be controlled by adjusting the pump wavelength or environment temperature.     

液-液界面上折射声束位移的实验验证

对折射波束在液-液界面上的现象进行了数值和实验研究，结果表明：当声束从声阻抗大的介质入射到液-液界面上时，折射声束会存在反向位移现象。     

一种基于多普勒频移的被动合成孔径声纳探测方法*

由于自主小平台声纳孔径有限,对声纳探测的分辨率的提高有所限制。小平台的机动可以有效的与声纳探测方法相结合来提高声纳探测性能。针对这一特点,提出一种基于多普勒频移技术的被动合成孔径声纳探测方法。该方法根据自主小平台的机动所引起声纳的接收信号多普勒频移的变化,进行目标的频率与方位联合估计。本文将自主小平台的机动引入到波束形成技术当中形成一种新的被动合成孔径技术。数值仿真表明,该方法可以有效的进行目标方位估计,并且获得较高的方位分辨率,改善了自主小平台的探测性能。     

基于声传播算子的声源定位实验模拟方法研究

声传播算子是一种高效的时域声场计算方法,它能够很方便地计算出给定系统参数下任意时刻任意位置的声场变化情况,本文采用这种方法计算所得的二维房间声场信息进行传声器阵列的声源定位仿真实验。计算结果表明,用该方法获取的阵列数据能有效地应用于阵列信号处理算法中,准确地估计出初始高斯脉冲声源的方向。声传播算子声场计算方法能为传声器阵列声源定位的实验提供方便,使得传声器阵列声源定位算法在不同混响时间的鲁棒性实验研究变得更加简捷。