热声发动机起振、消振过程的动态行为

针对热声发动机中复杂的起振、消振行为,在自行研制的"驻波型热声发动机试验平台"上,开展了工质类型、加热功率、充气压力等参数对热声发动机起振、消振行为的影响规律研究.试验结果表明:当采用纯氦气和90%氦气+10%氩气的混合气体时,系统存在一最佳的充气压力值,使起振温度和消振温度达到最低;而其余工质,其起振温度与消振温度均随着充气压力增加而逐渐提高;与此同时,由于加热功率对板叠热端温度影响较小,故采用板叠热端温度作为行为特性参数更为合理.     

太阳能热声发动机热力性能的实验研究

设计搭建了太阳能热声发动机实验系统,它由双轴全自动跟踪菲涅尔透镜聚焦型集热器和小型化驻波热声发动机两大组件构成。分别对充注不同压力N_2、He、Ar三种工质的太阳能热声发动机的起振温度、起振时热声核温度分布、压力振幅进行了实验研究。结果表明,氮气、氦气和氩气在相同充气压力下,He起振温度最高,N_2起振温度最低;N_2在充气压力1.0 MPa时达到最低起振温度394.8℃,且其压力振幅对充气压力变化不敏感;Ar在充气压力1.0 MPa时达到最低起振温度418.2℃,且其压力振幅随着充气压力的升高而逐渐增加。实验结果为优化太阳能热声发动机系统的热力性能提供了实验依据。     

热声发动机起振行为实验研究

研究了热声发动机起振过程,对Benavides构建的动力学模型的计算方法进行了优化,计算了控制压力、回热器参数和系统频率对热声发动机起振温度的影响。并进行了实验,计算结果与实验结果一致,证明了优化效果。     

热声系统中振荡滞后特性的试验研究

针对热声热机中存在着强烈的非线性热声自激振荡现象,在自行研制的"驻波型热声发动机试验平台"上,对采用He/Ar混合工质的驻波热声发动机系统的起振与消振过程的动态特性进行了详细的试验研究.试验结果表明:对于混合工质热声发动机系统同样存在热声自激振荡的滞后现象和振荡滞后回路;并且在一定的氦氩配比下,发现了"二次起振"的现象,更进一步验证了热声自激振荡的复杂性.     

热声起振机理的研究进展

主要总结了近年来国内外热声起振机理的研究进展,重点介绍了热声起振机理的理论研究、数值模拟以及实验研究;同时指出了当前所开展研究的不足。最后讨论了热声起振机理研究亟需解决的问题以及深入研究的方向。     

四级环路行波热声发动机系统起振特性分析

起振过程是热声发动机中最重要的过程之一,起振温度的高低直接关系到系统可以利用的能源品位。本文以四级环路行波热声发动机为研究对象,建立了二维数值模型,利用FLUENT软件对该系统的起振过程进行了模拟与分析。通过FFT分析方法对系统的起振过程进行了描述并探讨了充气压力对起振温度的影响。结果显示,在本文的计算条件下,以CO_2为工质时较高的充气压力更有利于降低系统的起振温度。     

压力对热声驱动脉管制冷机性能的影响

讨论了充气压力对热声压缩机的起振温度等性能的影响 ,着重研究了工作压力对热声驱动脉管制冷机性能的影响。对自行研制的驻波型热声驱动脉管制冷机进行了改进和优化 ,在最近的实验中取得了 1 2 0 K的无负荷最低制冷温度 ,达到液化天然气温区。     

热声起振机理的研究进展

回顾了最近十几年间国内外热声起振机理的研究进展,重点介绍了热声起振研究的主要理论和实验研究方法,指出了当前理论成果与实际热声过程之间存在的差距,并对热声理论研究今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

热声发动机起振过程系统温度时序特性

针对热声发动机起振过程中复杂的温度变化,在自行研制的"驻波型热声发动机试验平台"上,开展了在不同的工质类型、充气压力等试验工况下,热声发动机起振过程的轴向温度分布规律和变化特征的试验研究,试验结果表明:对于氮气、氩气而言,其系统温度动态特性规律基本一致,且热声核温度梯度和热声板叠温度梯度存在较明显的差别;而对于氦气,其系统温度动态特性不同于前两类气体,且热声核的温度梯度和热声板叠温度梯度的差别十分微弱,可见,不同的工质类型将直接影响到发动机起振过程系统温度的动态变化特性.     

热声起振现象的模拟研究

热声现象中广泛存在非线性效应,其中最典型的就是热声自激起振.本文建立了一个四分之三波长的Rijke管计算模型,基于并行计算,采用数值模拟对其起振现象进行了模拟.研究了不同初场对起振行为的影响,得出起振后的气体振荡频率,并对管内的流动与换热规律进行了详尽分析.模拟结果与文献结果相吻合.本文工作有助于更多地了解热声起振现象,同时也为我们开展热声问题的介观模拟提供了有力的参考.     

The dynamic characteristics of harvesting energy from mechanical vibration via piezoelectric conversion

As an alternative power solution for low-power devices, harvesting energy from the ambient mechanical vibration has received increasing research interest in recent years. In this paper we study the transient dynamic characteristics of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system including a piezoelectric energy harvester, a bridge rectifier, and a storage capacitor. To accomplish this, this energy harvesting system is modeled, and the charging process of the storage capacitor is investigated by employing the in-phase assumption The results indicate that the charging voltage across the storage capacitor and the gathered power increase gradually as the charging process proceeds, whereas the charging rate slows down over time as the charging voltage approaches to the peak value of the piezoelectric voltage across the piezoelectric materials. In addition, due to the added electrical damping and the change of the system natural frequency when the charging process is initiated, a sudden drop in the vibration amplitude is observed, which in turn affects the charging rate. However, the vibration amplitude begins to increase as the charging process continues, which is caused by the decrease in the electrical damping （i.e., the decrease in the energy removed from the mechanical vibration）. This electromechanical coupling characteristic is also revealed by the variation of the vibration amplitude with the charging voltage.     

微通道脉冲管中He气交替振荡的分子动力学模拟

使用非平衡分子动力学模拟方法分析了微通道脉冲管(MPT)中由正弦速度活塞提供驱动力时He气交替振荡的微观动力学过程,并对MPT的冷却机制进行了分析.结果表明,MPT的压缩和膨胀过程之间存在一个交替的振荡过程,两个过程具有不对称的属性分布,膨胀过程具有比压缩过程更大的轴向压力梯度.当充气压力较低时,循环时间对冷端温度的影响很小,但是当充气压力高于20 bar时,冷端温度对时间较为敏感,随着时间的减少,冷端温度进一步降低,而冷端瞬时平均温度随着充气压力的增加而增加.另外,压比随着时间的减少而增加,并且明显不受充气压力的影响,但它会在MPT的轴向上产生较大的温度梯度.综上所述,在热端使用不同形式的换热器和调相元件会释放或回收额外的声功率.固定工作模式和尺寸参数的MPT具有最佳频率,可以在冷端获得最低的空载温度.仿真结果增进了对脉冲管制冷机的认识,并为微通道脉冲管制冷机的优化设计提供理论支持.     

受迫振动法研究压强变化对气体阻尼系数的影响

采用弹性摆受迫振动时幅频特性对阻尼的依赖关系为依据,借助非接触电磁激振装置和（AX1001）单片机,通过测量所得的幅频特性曲线算出相应的阻尼系数。在密闭的环境下,改变空气的压强得到相应数值下的空气阻尼系数,最终,给出空气阻尼系数与压强之间的关系。     

氦气压强对单脉冲过程电光开关特性影响的数值分析

根据单脉冲过程电光开关气体放电的微观物理过程,提出了氦气放电的一维数值模型。用数值方法分析了气压对单脉冲过程电光开关的气体击穿、放电电流、KDP晶体两侧电压、开关效率、开关速度、等离子区电子温度及等离子体浓度的影响。数值计算结果表明,气压主要影响开关速度的快慢,而对开关效率的大小影响作用不大。在相同开关脉冲的驱动下,在气压较低的情况下,开关速度随气压增大而变快;而在气压较高的情况下,开关速度随气压增大而变慢。由此得到口径为8cm×8cm电光开关的最佳工作气压为1-4 kPa的结论。     

The effect of an anisotropic pressure on the reverse currents and the lifetime of minority carriers in germanium diodes

The effect of pressure on the reverse currents, the lifetime of minority carriers and the charging capacitance of fused germanium diodes is considered. The p-n junctions are arranged in the (111) crystallographic plane. It is established that the reverse current increases rapidly with increased pressure. The lifetime of minority carriers falls by a factor of 1.5 to 2 up to a pressure of 3 · 10⁹ dyne/cm² and the charging capacitance increases. Starting from a pressure of 3 · · 10⁹ dyne/cm² the lifetime of minority carriers increases and the charging capacitance is reduced to a particular constant value. A qualitative explanation of the dependence of _e, Cj and I_rev is given.     

Charged spray generation for gas cleaning applications

The paper presents results of experimental investigation of properties of charged sprays generated by two types of pressure atomizers with charging by induction. Among other possible methods of charged spray generation, the induction charging has been considered due to its most practical importance. The goal of this research is to optimise the charging process with respect to obtain droplets of required size and charge for their application for exhaust gas cleaning from submicron particles in electrostatic scrubber used for the removal of PM from Diesel engine exhausts. Electrostatic scrubbers use electrostatic forces in order to deposit fine charged particles onto oppositely charged droplets.     

RLC串联电路充电过程探究

本论文借助于MATLAB软件对RLC串联电路进行了动态分析并分别探究了电阻、电容、电感这三个因子对RLC串联电路充电的影响情况。利用Simulink中的Simpowersystems对RLC串联电路的充电过程进行仿真,探究电阻、电容、电感这三个因子对RLC串联电路充电过程的影响。     

一种小波多分辨率分析的多算子动态场景目标跟踪算法研究

根据某型号多传感器光电成像设备实际应用的特点,提出了一种基于小波多分辨率分析(MRA)的多算子自适应目标识别跟踪算法,可实现昼夜型光电设备对陆地/海面全动态场景不确定目标的识别跟踪。建立了一种基于帧内、帧间置信度评价的双阈值自适应跟踪预测策略和相似目标辩识准则,有效地提高了目标跟踪的稳定性和鲁棒性。地面仿真及空中实际飞行实验结果表明:该算法能够很好地实现在各种复杂场景条件下的动态场景目标的稳定跟踪。     

Triboelectric,corona, and induction charging of insulators as a function of pressure

Theoretical and experimental research that was carried out showed that the surface charge on an insulator after triboelectric charging with another insulator is rapidly dissipated with lowered atmospheric pressure. This pressure discharge is consistent with surface ions being evaporated off the surface once their vapor pressure is attained. In this paper, we will report on the results of three different charging techniques (triboelectric, corona, and induction) carried out on selected polymers with varying atmospheric pressure. This data will show that ion exchange between the insulators is the mechanism responsible for most of the surface charge on the polymers.