利用空间光调制器实现计算全息三维显示

针对目前三维物体计算全息算法数据量大、计算速度慢及共轭像影响再现效果问题,提出一种全息体视图计算方法。根据人眼双目视差立体视觉原理,由摄像机获取三维物体不同角度的二维序列视差图像,通过计算全息算法得到多视角全息图,合成三维物体全息体视图。在迭代傅里叶变换算法的基础上,采用预设初始相位并增加反馈因子的方法,提高相息图的计算效率。基于液晶空间光调制器构建光学系统,对计算的全息体视图进行了光学再现。结果表明:该方法有效地排除了共轭像的干扰,相息图的迭代计算效率提高30%以上,再现图像与目标图像的结构相似度大于0.85。     

基于相移的彩色结构光编码三维扫描技术

在物体三维轮廓扫描中,被动式双目立体视觉方法对表面特征不明显的物体难以获取足够的三维信息,针对这一问题,基于双目立体视觉原理,结合主动视觉中结构光投射方法,提出了基于相移的彩色结构光编码方法。该方法将四种颜色按照全排列的相关性质编码产生彩色光栅投射在被测物体表面,依据光栅相位移动增大光栅密度,结合极线约束实现立体匹配,最终获取物体三维数据。结果表明使用该三维扫描技术得到的三维曲面符合原物特征,特别适用于物体三维轮廓的致密测量。     

全息模拟再现像的三维重构

提出一种全息模拟再现像的三维重构方法，可以模拟再现得到三维再现像.计算机模拟再现许多幅在不同深度位置的二维光强分布；利用灰度级变化的聚焦度评价方法，通过寻找最大聚焦度值，确定再现三维像各像点的深度信息.实验证明,该方法能实现模拟再现像的三维重构，使数字全息术有希望成为一种全新的三维面形检测技术.再现像三维重构的实现可以更客观地对全息图进行像质评价，并验证计算机制全息术算法的正确性.     

三维点云物体频谱获取方法

为了简化三维物体计算全息数据和加快计算时间,提出了一种三维点云物体频谱获取方法.在分析频谱获取方法模型的基础上,由不同视角的投影图像(视图)与对应的平面波因子相乘积分的方法得到了三维点云物体频谱;介绍了视图获取算法,使用Matlab并行计算得到了一个三维‘鸟’的视图序列;根据实际物体频谱分布情况,采用高阶高斯概率分布减少视图获取数量;通过视图序列得到三维物体的频谱,采用傅里叶逆变换得到物空间内一个平面的复振幅分布,将其衍射一段距离,编码为菲涅尔全息,并进行了模拟再现和实验验证.模拟再现和实验结果表明:只需要原总视图的17.75%可以获得高质量的再现效果,验证了频谱获取方法的可行性及视图获取简化模型的正确性.所获取的三维物体频谱可以通过一定方式编码成多种全息进行三维显示,拓宽了该频谱获取方法的应用范围.     

多光束数字全息的研究

提出了一种多光束数字全息技术来解决当利用菲涅耳数字全息对全息图进行再现时,物体的多个表面无法同时再现得明亮、清晰.该方法是记录时采用多光束照明同一物体的多个表面,增强CCD上接收到的物体侧表面散射光的强度.实验成功地同时再现了物体的多个表面.同时,为了减弱再现像的散斑噪声,采用双线性插值和中值滤波处理图像,获得了质量高的三维物体的再现图像.     

基于球扩展光源模型的物体三维形状的恢复

计算机视觉中传统的物体三维形状恢复方法大都基于光源是无穷远点光源的假设，如由单幅图像恢复三维形状（ｓｈａｐｅｆｒｏｍｓｈａｄｉｎｇ）光度立体视觉（ｐｈｏｔｏｍｅｔｒｉｃｓｔｅｒｅｏ）方法等。实际环境中的光源往往不能满足这个假设，因此大大限制了这些方法的应用，本文提出了一种更加实用的球扩光源模型，并推导出此光源下反射物体表面的反射图，此模型在三维坐标系中描述了球光源位置，亮度，漫反射物体表面反射度与     

基于双目视觉的边缘检测算法

提出了一种基于立体视觉的物体边缘检测的方法。先对立体图像对进行基于图割的立体匹配方法求取场景的视差图，然后再用Canny的边缘检测方法对视差图进行边缘检测。立体视觉方法有效解决了单目视觉检测方法中的一些难点，利用了物体在空间的深度信息，对复杂背景下的物体和具有复杂纹理物体的边缘检测有很高的鲁棒性。实验结果表明该边缘检测方法优于传统的单目视觉边缘检测方法。     

光学全息合成实验

全息合成实验是将一系列用普通摄影拍摄的物体的二维平面像用全息合成的方法记录在一张全息软片上。再现时可实现原物体的三维像。这对于较大物体或贵重文物的立体再现尤为重要。我们结合光学全息课,用它来作为实验教学,给学生以一种立体感强、图象逼真的感觉,深受学生的欢迎。     

一种三维物体相息图的迭代计算方法

在传统迭代傅里叶变换算法的基础上,提出了一种计算三维物体相息图的新方法.基于层析法将三维物体的多个分层物面作为衍射再现图像,在一个输入面(相息图)和多个输出面(再现像)之间进行迭代.通过在傅里叶迭代运算中引入距离相位因子,表示物体不同物面的深度,体现了物体的三维特征.实验结果证明了本文算法良好的收敛特性和再现性能.最后,分析了物面数量和间距对全息再现质量的影响,利用液晶空间光调制器采用时分复用的方法还原了三维物体的多个物面.     

基于三维傅里叶频谱的计算全息图

提出了一种新的三维物体计算全息图的合成方法.在三维傅里叶旋转抛物面获取频谱理论的基础上,利用圆形扫描获得少量投影,采用多个半圆提取方式获取三维物体的频谱信息并采用共轭对称延拓计算全息编码得到计算全息图.传统方法中,在每幅投影上仅提取一个圆形的频谱信息.在同等投影数量的情况下,通过半圆方式在每幅投影上提取多于一个圆形信息的方法获得频谱信息,提高了每幅投影的信息利用率和全息图再现图像的质量.数字再现的实验证明了该方法的有效性及优越性.     

基于网格点投影灰度相似性的三维重建新方法

基于双目立体视觉的三维重构是计算机视觉技术的主要内容之一,在机器人视觉导航、航空测绘、医学成像和工业检测等很多领域都有广泛的应用.提出一种基于网格点投影灰度相似性的双日立体视觉的三维重建新方法.首先将被测物体所在的世界坐标系划分成问距卡日等的矩形网格,将网格节点作为潜在的物点投影到左右图像坐标系上,然后根据不同深度的空间点在两幅图像上相应的灰度相似性来判断被测物体在三维空间中的深度信息.通过Matlab平台下的仿真实验证明了本方法的三维重建效果和计箅效率都要优于传统方法.与传统的图像匹配方法相比,具有算法简单、速度快、精度高、且不受摄像装置非线性畸变影响的优点.     

基于双目视觉的三维重建中特征点提取及匹配算法的研究

三维重建是计算机视觉技术的主要内容之一。基于双目视觉的二维图像特征点的提取及特征点的匹配是三维重建技术的核心。通过以双目立体视觉理论为基础,提取立体图像的Harris角点作为特征点,经过基于小波变换的子线段匹配方法,较好地的解决了匹配精度与匹配速度之间的平衡问题。采用该方法对水泥冷却机内熟料的高度进行了测量,实现了熟料的三维重建。实验表明,该方法可提高图像匹配的速度和精度,能够较精确地对物体实现三维重建。     

Depth-controlled reconstruction of 3D integral image using synthesized intermediate sub-images

In this paper, we propose a method that controls the depth of the three-dimensional (3D) object existing over the depth-of-focus in integral imaging. The depth control method is performed only in a computer by synthesizing the intermediate sub-images between original sub-images obtained by transforming the captured elemental images. In the reconstruction process, we can obtain reconstructed 3D images with the better image quality within depth-of-focus than that reconstructed over the depth-of-focus. To demonstrate the feasibility of our method, optical and computational experiments are carried out and its results are presented.     

Saliency structure stereoscopic image quality assessment method

Stereoscopic image quality assessment (SIQA) plays a crucial role in the development of 3D imaging system. In this paper, an objective SIQA model named saliency structure stereoscopic image quality assessment method (3SIQA) is built, based on the fact that human is selectively sensitive to various structure. Structural similarity image index (SSIM) is generally used to calculate the structure similarity between the reference image and the distorted image, and the selective sensitivity of human vision system is described on two aspects: saliency and texture. The former aspect performs through giving different weights to the image pixel value and its saliency map, and the latter one is represented by dividing SSIM map into three parts (edge, smooth and texture zone) and summing these parts with different weights. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrate its promise.     

Fast 3D spatial EPR imaging using spiral magnetic field gradient

Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) provides direct detection and mapping of free radicals. The continuous wave (CW) EPRI technique, in particular, has been widely used in a variety of applications in the fields of biology and medicine due to its high sensitivity and applicability to a wide range of free radicals and paramagnetic species. However, the technique requires long image acquisition periods, and this limits its use for many in vivo applications where relatively rapid changes occur in the magnitude and distribution of spins. Therefore, there has been a great need to develop fast EPRI techniques. We report the development of a fast 3D CW EPRI technique using spiral magnetic field gradient. By spiraling the magnetic field gradient and stepping the main magnetic field, this approach acquires a 3D image in one sweep of the main magnetic field, enabling significant reduction of the imaging time. A direct one-stage 3D image reconstruction algorithm, modified for reconstruction of the EPR images from the projections acquired with the spiral magnetic field gradient, was used. We demonstrated using a home-built L-band EPR system that the spiral magnetic field gradient technique enabled a 4-7-fold accelerated acquisition of projections. This technique has great potential for in vivo studies of free radicals and their metabolism.     

Computational integral imaging reconstruction scheme of far 3D objects by additional use of an imaging lens

In this paper, we propose a novel performance-enhanced computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) scheme by additional use of an imaging lens. In the proposed scheme, elemental images can be obtained by using a simultaneous pickup scheme of far three-dimensional (3D) objects from the lenslet array in both real and virtual image fields. And additional imaging lens produces an image shift effect of 3D objects located far away from the lenslet array and improve the visual quality of reconstructed images in CIIR by overcoming limitation of pickup range in integral imaging. To show the usefulness of the proposed system, some experiments are carried out for real 3D objects and its results are presented.     

X射线光场成像技术研究

X射线三维成像技术是目前国内外X射线成像研究领域的一个研究热点.但针对一些特殊成像目标,传统X射线计算层析(CT)成像模式易出现投影信息缺失等问题,影响CT重建的图像质量,使得CT成像的应用受到一定的限制.本文主要研究了基于光场成像理论的X射线三维立体成像技术.首先从同步辐射光源模型出发,对X射线光场成像进行建模;然后,基于光场成像数字重聚焦理论,对成像目标场在深度方向上进行切片重建.结果表明:该方法可以实现对成像目标任一视角下任一深度的内部切片重建,但是由于光学聚焦过程中的离焦现象,会引入较为严重的背景噪声.当对其原始数据进行滤波后,再进行X射线光场重聚焦,可以有效消除重建伪影,提高图像的重建质量.本研究既有算法理论意义,又可应用于工业、医疗等较复杂目标的快速检测,具有较大的应用价值.     

Holographic imaging of full-color real-existing three-dimensional objects with computer-generated sequential kinoforms

We propose a computational method for generating sequential kinoforms of real-existing full-color threedimensional (3D) objects and realizing high-quality 3D imaging.The depth map and color information are obtained using non-contact full-color 3D measurement system based on binocular vision.The obtained full-color 3D data are decomposed into multiple slices with RGB channels.Sequential kinoforms of each channel are calculated and reconstructed using a Fresnel-diffraction-based algorithm called the dynamicpseudorandom-phase tomographic computer holography (DPP-TCH).Color dispersion introduced by different wavelengths is well compensated by zero-padding operation in the red and green channels of object slices.Numerical reconstruction results show that the speckle noise and color-dispersion are well suppressed and that high-quality full-color holographic 3D imaging is feasible.The method is useful for improving the 3D image quality in holographic displays with pixelated phase-type spatial light modulators (SLMs).     

3D reconstruction of road surfaces using an integrated multi-sensory approach

In this paper, we present our experience in building a mobile imaging system that incorporates multi-modality sensors for road surface mapping and inspection applications. Our proposed system leverages 3D laser-range sensors, video cameras, global positioning systems (GPS) and inertial measurement units (IMU) towards the generation of photo-realistic, geometrically accurate, geo-referenced 3D models of road surfaces. Based on our summary of the state-of-the-art systems for a road distress survey, we identify several challenges in the real-time deployment, integration and visualization of the multi-sensor data. Then, we present our data acquisition and processing algorithms as a novel two-stage automation procedure that can meet the accuracy requirements with real-time performance. We provide algorithms for 3D surface reconstruction to process the raw data and deliver detail preserving 3D models that possess accurate depth information for characterization and visualization of cracks as a significant improvement over contemporary commercial video-based vision systems.     

Recent advances in 3D SEM surface reconstruction

The scanning electron microscope (SEM), as one of the most commonly used instruments in biology and material sciences, employs electrons instead of light to determine the surface properties of specimens. However, the SEM micrographs still remain 2D images. To effectively measure and visualize the surface attributes, we need to restore the 3D shape model from the SEM images. 3D surface reconstruction is a longstanding topic in microscopy vision as it offers quantitative and visual information for a variety of applications consisting medicine, pharmacology, chemistry, and mechanics. In this paper, we attempt to explain the expanding body of the work in this area, including a discussion of recent techniques and algorithms. With the present work, we also enhance the reliability, accuracy, and speed of 3D SEM surface reconstruction by designing and developing an optimized multi-view framework. We then consider several real-world experiments as well as synthetic data to examine the qualitative and quantitative attributes of our proposed framework. Furthermore, we present a taxonomy of 3D SEM surface reconstruction approaches and address several challenging issues as part of our future work.