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根据反射光谱可用于分析固体表面介质凝聚状态的原理,理论分析了不锈钢表面上不同厚度薄液膜对表面反射率的影响,确定了在冷凝过程中该表面上冷凝液形成和更新过程导致相应反射率变化的范围. 通过分析滴状冷凝实验过程反射光谱的文献数据,研究了滴状冷凝过程壁面上蒸气分子凝聚特征,发现在实际的滴状冷凝传热过程中,液滴脱落后形成的裸露表面上存在反射特征介于液膜与体相蒸气分子之间的介质. 结合蒸气冷凝过程的分子团聚模型,得到了在滴状冷凝过程中近壁面附近的蒸气分子形成分子团聚分布的合理性. 此外,分析发现表面微观结构将改变团聚体分布密度,从而影响冷凝核化过程的现象. 这为冷凝传热强化方法的研究提出了新的思路.
关键词:
分子团聚
反射光谱
滴状冷凝 相似文献
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一只钢球抛向坚硬的表面,在二者接触之后,钢球将被表面反射,这一图像是人们的经典直觉.然而,如果将钢球换成原子,表面反射过程将有许多新特点.例如,原子可能在尚未接触到表面之前就“掉头”折返,这一现象被称为量子反射.与量子隧穿一样,量子反射也是源于粒子的波粒二象性. 相似文献
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光入射到不同折射率材料的分界面时会很自然地产生反射现象. 在很多的工业应用中, 例如太阳能电池, 衬底的引入会在其表面产生反射损耗. 至今为止, 人们提出很多方法用来克服这一问题, 比较常见的有介质涂层、表面纹理、绝热折射率匹配和散射等离激元纳米粒子. 本文利用二维周期排布的亚波长级硅纳米圆柱阵列来降低衬底表面的反射. 结合辅助微分方程和时域有限差分法对该结构的散射特性进行系统研究, 结果发现, 纳米圆柱粒子能够产生类似于在金属表面发生的超传输现象, 这种现象的发生基于介质衬底耦合Mie共振机理, 该机理能在整个紫外到近红外光谱范围内将能量耦合到衬底中, 从而降低衬底表面的反射; 同时当散射结构被放置在具有高光学态密度的高折射率衬底附近时, 会产生较强的前向散射, 也能有效的减少后向散射即反射的发生. 基于降低衬底表面反射这一目的而言, 我们设计的结构可为实际太阳能电池及光学天线的设计提供参考. 相似文献
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当光激射器的高强度光束通过一些压电晶体时,发现了一系列非线性光学现象——合频,差频等。Blocmbergen及Pershan还曾证明:在电介质表面上也会发生非线性现象,即当强光入射到电介质表面时,反射光及透射光中都会出现谐波。本文的目的是证明当强光在真空金属表面反射时,也可能有谐波发生。具体估计了二次谐波的强度,并讨论了它的反射规律。 相似文献
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文中对颗粒烧结多孔表面和泡沫金属多孔表面上的液氮池沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究,并与光滑铜表面的试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,多孔表面成核条件更好,使得沸腾起始点相对于光滑表面提早;随着热流密度逐渐增大,气泡增多,且在多孔层内部连成一片,加热表面气泡离开受到多孔层的限制,热阻增加,换热系数大幅降低,整个沸腾进入表面沸腾阶段;多孔结构所产生的毛细抽力不断补充冷却流体,使表面沸腾能够持续较长时间,实验中未观测到临界热流密度现象。在实验基础上,文中描述了多孔表面不同池沸腾换热阶段的主要换热机理,并分析了流体工质、多孔层厚度、渗透系数、孔隙率等参数对多孔表面池沸腾换热的影响。 相似文献
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The energy of a mass of liquid is evaluated asymptotically in powers of the range of the intermolecular potential divided by a typical dimension of the liquid. The leading term is the internal energy, proportional to the liquid volume. The second term is the energy of surface tension, proportional to the area of the liquid surface. The third term is proportional to an integral over this surface of the square of the mean curvature of the surface minus one-third of its Gaussian curvature. This new term has exactly the form of the bending energy of a thin elastic plate. Comparing it with the bending energy yields expressions for the flexural rigidity and the Poisson ratio of the liquid surface. This flexural rigidity of the surface leads to new terms in the equation of equilibrium of the liquid surface, in addition to the usual surface tension terms. 相似文献
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A simple model for size-dependent surface tension of liquid binary alloy droplets has been established based on Bulter’s equation and our model for size-dependent surface tension of pure liquid component. As an example, the surface tension of liquid Bi–Sn alloy droplets are calculated and discussed. The results show that as the size of the liquid alloy droplets decreases, the corresponding surface tension decreases. The component with lower surface tension is enriched in the surface layer at all times while relatively more another component with higher surface tension appear in the surface region when the size decreases. The effect of decreasing size on liquid alloy surface tension is like that of increasing temperature. When size is larger than about 12 nm, the size effect is small and negligible. 相似文献
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In this paper, a method based on transmission-speckle correlation is proposed for measuring static and dynamic deformation of liquid surface. In the method, a high-speed camera placed vertically above the tested liquid surface is used to observe and record a special speckle pattern put in advance at the bottom of liquid. According to the Snell׳s law, the deformation of liquid surface will lead to the movement of the transmission-speckles. In terms of this, the quantitative relationship between height changes of liquid surface and the in-plane displacement of transmission-speckles can be deduced. Combining with multi-directional Newton iteration algorithm, the dynamic deformation field of liquid surface can be calculated from the in-plane displacement vector field of transmission-speckle images in different moment using speckle correlation method. The sensitivity of the method in measuring height changes of liquid surface is discussed. In this paper, a validation test to measure the surface morphology of a plano-convex lens demonstrates the feasibility and the effectiveness of the method. In addition, the dynamic deformation and propagation process of ripples in the water surface caused by a droplet were investigated. 相似文献
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实验发现,激光束照射在振动的液面上,表面波对入射光可产生衍射;插入液体里的金属细丝被拉出液面时,由于液体的润湿效应,其周围的液体拉伸一定高度而断裂。以上两种实验现象机理,可用于液体表面张力系数的测定。激光经小孔透射样品池中的液体介质,在液体上表面发生遮光效应,根据其机理,建立了一种测量液体折射率的新方法。 相似文献
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采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了液态氩在铂纳米通道内的流动,通过改变流体和壁面之间的势能作用获得了流体和通道表面之间浸润性质不同时的滑移现象. 研究发现:液体分子在亲水性通道表面附近呈类固体性质,数密度和有序性较大,而在疏水性表面附近的平均数密度降低,形成一个低密度层;液体流动在固体表面的速度滑移随着液体与表面势能作用的增强而减小,当液体和表面的浸润性不同时可以发生滑移、表观无滑移和负滑移现象;液体在固体表面的表观滑移是液体在固体表面的速度滑移、粘附和流体内部滑移的综合作用的结果.
关键词:
纳米尺度流动
速度滑移
浸润性
分子动力学模拟 相似文献
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通过测试光延迟研究了聚酰亚胺LB膜的光学各向异性,分析了在LB膜成膜过程中成膜分子的流动取向特性,并研究了液晶的表面锚定能,分析了LB膜上液晶的取向机制.聚酰亚胺LB膜的链段的取向程度较强摩擦情形的聚酰亚胺表面的链段取向要差.强摩擦的聚酰亚胺会比聚酰亚胺LB膜具有更好的排列液晶分子的能力.LB膜的流动取向模式使得聚酰亚胺成膜分子沿拉伸方向形成一定的有序排列,并诱导液晶分子定向排列,液晶和聚合物分子相互作用是液晶表面排列的主要动力
关键词: 相似文献
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电场作用下的变焦非球面液滴微透镜 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
提出了一种制作变焦非球面液滴微透镜并在线检测其光学性能的新方法。在实时进行光学检测的条件下,选择光固化材料,利用电场作用操控液滴透镜的面形实现变焦,在检测到较好的透镜面形和聚焦状态时,采用紫外光固化技术使液滴透镜固化,可制作具有良好光学成像和聚焦性能的非球面微透镜。研制了紫外光固化非球面液滴微透镜制作平台及在线检测系统,实验观察并讨论了液滴透镜面形和聚焦光斑随电场作用的变化规律,成功实现了液滴透镜的变焦,并获得了良好的非球面面形和聚焦光斑,证明了用此方法制作高成像性能的非球面微透镜的可行性。 相似文献
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Flow characteristics of a liquid film flowing over a smooth surface and structured surface with the Reynolds number range from 10 to 1121 are studied. The mixture of R21 and R114 refrigerants is used as the test liquid. The 3D transient simulations are taken to capture the liquid film’s dynamic characteristics and spatial distribution. Effects of the inlet dimension, inlet flow rates, surface tension, and surface structuring on the wettability, average velocity, and film thickness are studied systematically. The obtained results show that surface tension is essential for an accurate simulation, while inlet width has no effect on the liquid film parameters in the steady-state flow regime. For low flow rates, wetting area and film thickness both are small, and a suggested range of Reynolds number is chosen to simulate further heat transfer in order to balance the film thickness and dry spots generation. It is shown that a ripple surface structure hinders the liquid film movement, reflected in a lower velocity and a larger film thickness compared to the smooth surface. Lateral movement of a liquid film can also be observed at the structured surface. 相似文献