利用拉曼光谱分析血液成分的研究

利用显微拉曼光谱技术分析人体血液成分随时间推移的改变,为分析血液离体时间提供一种研究方法。通过分析拉曼峰强度随时间的变化,可以看出血液中的血浆的拉曼光谱在1 159和1 520cm-1处峰强度的比值符合不断减小的趋势;而血液中的血细胞的拉曼光谱在1 639和1 585cm-1处峰强度的比值也符合不断减小的趋势。表明拉曼光谱是分析血液成分,推断其降解过程的有效手段,并将其应用于血液离体时间的推断提供了理论支持。     

大肠杆菌基于微波法制备的纳米银胶的SERS光谱研究

在微波法制备的纳米银上获得了大肠杆菌的表面增强拉曼光谱, 大肠杆菌在650、952、1125、1242、1320、1372、1459 cm-1有明显的拉曼振动峰。其中650 cm-1处的振动峰最强, 1124、1320、1372和1459 cm-1处的四个振动峰较弱, 952、1242 cm-1处的二个振动峰强度居中。位于650 cm-1附近的拉曼峰源自于酪氨酸、鸟嘌呤的振动, 952 cm-1属于缩氨酸基团C=C的伸缩振动,1124 cm-1是蛋白质的C-N和C-C伸缩振动引起的, 1242 cm-1则归属于是酰胺 III蛋白的振动, 1320 cm-1是蛋白质的CH变形振动, 1372 cm-1是由酪氨酸振动引起的, 1459 cm-1则是蛋白质的CH2变形振动。     

拉曼光谱研究复方鹿仙草颗粒对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的作用

应用拉曼光谱研究了不同浓度的鹿仙草溶液与肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的相互作用,通过对药物作用前后细胞的光谱变化进行分析,从而为阐明鹿仙草与肝癌细胞的作用方式提供重要的依据。拉曼光谱显示,加入鹿仙草后,细胞的许多峰都发生了变化。归属于磷酸骨架振动的785和1 092 cm-1的两个峰强度下降,对应碱基A和G的峰1 312和1 585 cm-1 等也有不同程度的降低,表明鹿仙草可能插入DNA碱基对之间,使DNA复制受到抑制,导致细胞DNA含量下降,而且会引起DNA单、双链的断裂。同时,研究还发现属于蛋白质的振动峰(1 005, 1 360, 1 656 cm-1)强度也有不同程度下降,说明蛋白质二级结构以及侧链氨基酸的环境均发生了改变。此外,鹿仙草对细胞的作用效果随浓度增加逐步增强。     

拉曼光谱法鉴定水稻叶绿素缺乏突变体

植物叶色变异是自然界普遍的现象,叶色突变体已广泛应用于基础研究和生产实践.利用拉曼光谱测定了水稻叶色黄化突变体叶片的叶绿素含量.研究结果显示:在拉曼光谱图中·叶绿素的特征峰(1155,1527cm-1)在突变体中强度较野生型有很大的下降,表明突变体中总的叶绿素含量较低;紫外分光光度计的测定结果表明该突变体的叶绿素含量比野生型降低,且叶绿素b的含量极低,证实了拉曼光谱所反应的信息;拉曼光谱法可以用来快速鉴定植物活体的叶绿紊含量.本研究尝试利用拉曼光谱测定活体生物的叶绿素含量的可行性,为今后发展便携式、快速、准确、无损伤鉴定叶绿素含量及其他生物质含量的方法和开发相关仪器提供研究思路.     

糖尿病人血清的表面增强拉曼光谱

研究了糖尿病人和正常人血清的表面增强拉曼光谱。糖尿病人血清中蛋白质主链酰胺Ⅱ的C—N伸缩振动的谱线位移到1 585 cm-1,相对强度增加了14%,酰胺Ⅵ的谱线593 cm-1相对强度减少了33%。蛋白质侧链色氨酸吲哚环 “埋藏式”的谱线1 368 cm-1位移到“暴露式”的1 365 cm-1,且相对强度减少了59%;侧链C—S键的扭曲构象的谱线635 cm-1相对强度减少了15%,而反式构象的谱线725 cm-1增加了58%, 说明C—S键的扭曲构象部分转变为反式构象,表明糖尿病人血清中蛋白质的有序结构发生变化;类脂物特征峰1 449 cm-1相对强度增加了58%,与糖类有关的特征峰谱线1 331,1 099和740 cm-1相对强度分别增加了35%,100％和62%, 从而表明糖尿病人血清中与脂类和糖蛋白有关的物质含量增加。上述拉曼特征峰为糖尿病的诊断以及生化机理研究提供了有力的实验依据。     

皮疹病人血清的表面增强拉曼光谱

研究了皮疹患者和健康人血清的表面增强拉曼光谱。结果表明： 皮疹患者血清中蛋白质主链酰胺Ⅰ的谱线出现在1 648 cm-1处,而在健康人血清中此峰消失。蛋白质侧链C—S键扭曲构象的谱线637 cm-1的相对强度增加了23%,而反式构象的谱线725 cm-1的相对强度减少了60%,说明C—S键的反式构象部分转成扭曲构象,表明皮疹患者血清中蛋白质的有序结构发生变化。类脂物特征峰1 449 cm-1的相对强度增加了近一倍,D-甘露糖的谱线1 099 cm-1消失,表明患者血清中糖蛋白、糖质发生了变化。这些拉曼特征峰为皮疹的诊断以及生化机理研究提供了有力的实验依据。最后用主成分分析(PCA)方法对健康人和皮疹患者血清的表面增强拉曼光谱进行分析,发现皮疹患者血清的主成分分布相对健康人较分散,并且此方法能准确的区分开这２种血清。     

稻米陈化中谷蛋白变化光谱解析及其对功能性质的影响

稻米储藏陈化导致食用品质下降,蛋白质变化是重要诱因。谷蛋白是稻米中主要蛋白,采用拉曼和红外光谱表征陈化中谷蛋白的变化,并对其功能性质差异进行比较,利于阐明稻米的陈化机理。拉曼光谱表明,陈米谷蛋白1 665和1 218 cm-1处的拉曼归一化强度分别为1.01和0.25,明显低于新米谷蛋白,表明陈化后谷蛋白的α-螺旋减少;陈米谷蛋白中二硫键(516和527 cm-1处峰强度分别为0.45和0.42)、亚砜(1 035 cm-1处峰强度为0.48)和砜(1 124,1 152,1 159,1 316和1 334 cm-1处峰强度分别为0.47,0.22,0.26,0.50和0.63)的强度明显高于新米谷蛋白,表明含硫氨基酸残基发生明显氧化;陈米谷蛋白的酪氨酸Fermi共振857/830 cm-1的强度比值1.68明显高于新米谷蛋白,酪氨酸残基更加暴露;陈米谷蛋白751 cm-1附近色氨酸的拉曼强度为0.20,比新米谷蛋白的强度0.14显著提高,陈化后谷蛋白色氨酸残基更加埋藏;陈米谷蛋白3 423 cm-1处的O-H伸缩强度为0.05,比新米谷蛋白对应强度0.02显著增大,表明分子间结合程度升高,谷蛋白与淀粉分子结合更加紧密。除了酪氨酸的Fermi共振、1 333和1 152 cm-1处砜的吸收峰不高外,陈化谷蛋白的其余拉曼强度均高于陈米谷蛋白,说明陈化谷蛋白的氧化程度更高。红外光谱表明,陈米谷蛋白和陈化谷蛋白中1 153,1 078和1 026 cm-1处的硫氧化物吸收峰增大,进一步支持谷蛋白发生了氧化。与新米谷蛋白相比,陈米谷蛋白的溶解性、持水性、乳化性和乳化稳定性均显著降低,而持油性升高,支持陈米中谷蛋白发生了明显氧化。陈化谷蛋白的溶解性（除pH 9）、持水性和乳化性比陈米谷蛋白更低,持油性更高,表明新米谷蛋白被提取出来后单独陈化时氧化程度更深。陈化后谷蛋白功能性质的变化支持红外和拉曼光谱显示的氧化变化,这为阐明蛋白质在陈米品质劣变中的作用提供了光谱依据,为控制稻米陈化劣变以减少产后损失奠定基础。     

生活用水的拉曼光谱分析

为了进行水质分析,运用激光拉曼光谱方法测量了自来水和白开水的拉曼光谱,分析了其振动方式归属与光谱强度。结果表明,3200～3400cm-1较强的拉曼谱带(伸缩振动)是水分子的振动拉曼特征峰,水中杂质尤其是钙镁离子含量是影响拉曼特征峰强度的主要因素。     

利用拉曼光谱分析顺铂诱导的胃癌细胞凋亡

利用激光拉曼光谱对顺铂诱导的胃癌细胞凋亡进行分析,胃癌细胞SGC7901经10 μg·mL-1顺铂处理24, 48, 72 h后,一部分用于荧光染色,另一部分用扫描方式收集细胞的拉曼光谱。光谱结果依次经背景扣除、平滑、归一化、基线校正、峰拟合等方法预处理。荧光染色结果显示对照组细胞核染色均匀,而药物处理72 h后,核碎裂,呈致密浓染。拉曼光谱结果显示顺铂处理24, 48, 72 h后,与核酸及蛋白质相关的峰均有降低,其中783, 1 002, 1 343 cm-1峰72 h后依次降低为初始值的52%,64%,76%,表明顺铂能够诱导胃癌细胞凋亡,凋亡细胞内核酸和蛋白质含量降低。以上结果说明,拉曼光谱能提供生物细胞内物质变化的丰富信息,是实时检测细胞凋亡过程的有效手段。     

乐果晶体及其熔体的拉曼光谱研究

在785nm激发波长观测了乐果晶体及其熔体拉曼光谱,结果显示乐果晶体60℃熔化后在344,428和530cm-1处出现新峰,498cm-1处,(P-S)和648cm-1处,(P=S)峰强度发生反转,,(P=S)峰发生反常蓝移现象。这表明晶体结构长程有序性破坏对乐果拉曼光谱存在较强影响,在有关乐果溶液拉曼光谱实验和理论研究中应予以考虑。     

History of spectroscopy and modern micromachined disposable Si ATR-IR spectroscopy

In this article, the historical development of spectroscopy is examined and the spectroscopy devices used today are described. Then, we focus on infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which cannot give valuable signal in aqueous solution. Attenuated total reflection (ATR)-IR technique solves the problem. In addition, we specifically mention newly developed disposable ATR-IR crystals and micromachined silicon (Si) ATR-IR. Disposable crystal systems and microfluidics systems can be integrated with existing miniature ATR analyzers. If the integration is successful, the technique might be used in biomedical measuring instruments, reactions' analyses, and ultra-high-pressure analyses.     

Synthesis,Structural and Optical Studies of Barium Strontium Titanate Borosilicate Glasses Doped with Ferric Oxide

Various barium strontium titanate borosilicate glasses were prepared by a rapid melt-quench technique. Spectroscopic studies have been carried out on investigated glasses for their structural information. Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies showed that these glasses are formed by glass-forming network of borate and silicate as well as network modifiers in the form of cations of alkaline earth atoms. The borate and silicate networks are modified by barium, strontium, titanium, and iron cations in glass matrix. The network of triborate unit is modified in tetraborate unit by adding ferric oxide in a glassy matrix. The optical studies are performed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and it confirms that the band gap decreases with increase in the concentration of ferric oxide.     

一种实现光声光谱的导数光谱的新方法

提出了一种实现光声光谱的导数光谱的新方法,为了获得光声光谱的导数光谱,利用一台单色仪和一个分光棱镜研制成一个波长-光强分束器,并用这个波长-光强分束器同时获得两束光强相等而波长有微小差别的两束光,这两束光经过一个互补调制器调制后在光声探测器内叠加,可以实现光声信号的差分,扫描单色仪的波长,就可以获得光声吸收光谱的导数光谱。实验证明这种方法可以准确实现光声光谱的一阶导数光谱,而且导数光声光谱比光声吸收光谱具有更高的光谱分辨率。     

激光长程吸收光谱法测量高分辨率大气吸收光谱

用脉冲可调谐光参量振荡器作光源 ,使用光程长达 1km的 8m长吸收池 ,采用分时复用的单探测器探测方法 ,组成测量系统 ,测量了一系列高分辨率的模拟和实际大气的吸收光谱。系统的灵敏度为 0 .5× 10 - 6cm- 1 ,分辨率为 0 .0 2cm- 1 。 1.315 μm附近实际大气的吸收光谱与HITRAN96模拟结果比较 ,强线符合得很好。水汽光谱的大多数强线的分子线强度相对误差在 10 %以下。     

Determination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in Soils: A Review of Spectroscopic and Nonspectroscopic Techniques

Abstract: In the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated soils for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the roles of spectroscopic and nonspectroscopic techniques are inseparable. Therefore, spectroscopic techniques cannot be discussed in isolation. In this report, spectroscopic techniques including Raman, fluorescence, infrared, and visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopies, as well as mass spectroscopy (coupled to a gas chromatograph) and nonspectroscopic techniques such as gravimetry, immunoassay, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection are reviewed. To bridge the perceived gap in coverage of the quantitative applications of Vis-NIR spectroscopy in the rapid determination of TPHs and PAHs in soils, a detailed review of studies from the period 1999–2012 are presented. This report also highlights the strengths and limitations of these techniques and evaluates their performance from the perspective of their attributes of general applicability, namely economic portability, operational time, accuracy, and occupational health and safety considerations. Overall, the fluorescence spectroscopic technique had the best performance (85% total score) in comparison to the others, and the gravimetric technique performed the least (60% total score). Method-specific solutions geared toward performance improvement are also suggested.     

磁旋转腔增强光谱技术

为了提高吸收光谱的探测灵敏度,在弱吸收或短光程吸收的情况下实现高灵敏探测,将腔增强光谱技术与磁旋转光谱技术有效地结合起来,发展了高灵敏的磁旋转腔增强吸收光谱技术,并通过测量O2 的三重禁戒跃迁谱线验证了该技术的探测灵敏度。实验采用环型增强腔,以避免光束的返回对激光器的干扰。给出了腔的耦合匹配条件,以及镜面反射率、腔损耗对增强因子的影响;同时也给出了在实验中对光谱信号的处理方法。测量结果表明,在谐振腔精细度为F=48,腔内总损耗为13%,以及腔镜的耦合效率为 95%的情况下,对 O2 分子最小相对吸收度约为4.5×10-8(1 s积分时间)。     

Millimeter wave measurement and assignment of the rotational spectrum of aniline

Previous work involving the rotational spectrum of aniline was limited to the lower frequencies of 8-40 GHz with very few lines being assigned. This work extends the earlier studies. Here we present a much more extensive measurement and assignment of the rotational spectrum of aniline in the frequency range of 75-110 GHz. The observed frequencies have been assigned to the ground (0⁺), first (0⁻), and second excited (1⁺) states in the inversion vibration. With the newly assigned lines, significantly improved rotational constants and all five centrifugal distortion constants have been obtained.     

Rotational spectroscopy of the first excited state of the acetylenic C-H stretch of 3-fluoropropyne performed by infrared-Fourier transform microwave-microwave triple-resonance spectroscopy

The rotational spectra of 3-fluoropropyne in the ground and first excited acetylenic C-H stretch vibrational state have been measured. The pure rotational spectrum of the normal species and the ¹³C isotopomers were measured using FTMW-cwMW double-resonance spectroscopy based on the Autler-Townes (AC Stark) effect. The lineshape properties of this measurement make it possible to determine the transition strength, ΔJ-selection rules, and the relative energy ordering of the quantum states. The frequency accuracy of this technique is tested against a previous pure rotational study of 3-fluoropropyne. The rotational spectrum of vibrationally excited state was obtained through IR-FTMW-cwMW methods. In this technique a single-longitudinal-mode pulsed infrared laser source vibrationally excites the acetylenic C-H stretch with J-selectivity. The rotational spectrum of the excited state is then obtained by FTMW and FTMW-cwMW double-resonance methods. The excited-state measurements have a signal-to-noise ratio comparable to the pure rotational spectrum. The residuals in the excited-state fit are larger than those obtained in the ground-state fit. This greater deviation from a standard asymmetric top spectrum is most likely due to weak perturbations to the acetylenic C-H spectrum.     

Sub-Doppler and Doppler spectroscopy of DCN isotopomers in the terahertz region: ground and first excited bending states (v1v2v3)=(0 1 0)

The rotational spectra of the deuterium cyanide isotopic species DCN, D¹³CN, DC¹⁵N, and D¹³C¹⁵N were recorded in the vibrational ground and first excited bending state (v₂=1) up to 2 THz. The R-branch transitions from J=3←2 to J=13←12 were measured with sub-Doppler resolution. These very high resolution (∼70 kHz) and precise (±3-10 kHz) saturation dip measurements allowed for resolving the underlying hyperfine structure due to the ¹⁴N nucleus in DCN and D¹³CN for transitions as high as J=10←9. Additional high JR-branch (J=25←24 to J=28←27) transitions around 2 THz and direct l-type (ΔJ=0, J=19 to J=25) transitions from 66 to 118 GHz were recorded in Doppler-limited resolution. For the ground state of D¹³C¹⁵N, the J=1←0 transition was measured for the first time. The transition frequency accuracies for the other deuterated species were significantly improved. These new experimental data, together with the available infrared rovibrational data and previously measured direct l-type transitions, were subjected to a global least squares analysis for each isotopomer. This yielded precise sets of molecular constants for the ground and first excited vibrational states, including the nuclear quadrupole and magnetic spin-rotation coupling constants of the ¹⁴N nucleus for DCN and D¹³CN. The hyperfine structure due to the D, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N nuclei have not been resolved, but led to a broadening of the observed saturation dips.     

Millimeter and submillimeter wave rotational spectrum of pyridine in the ground and excited vibrational states

The pure rotational spectra of the ground and five excited vibrational states of pyridine were measured, assigned and fit in the 75-110 and 260-370 GHz frequency bands. An improved set of spectroscopic constants was obtained for the ground state, and all the rotational and quartic centrifugal distortion constants were obtained for the excited vibrational states.