H<Superscript>+</Superscript> and He<Superscript>2+</Superscript> impact charge transfer cross sections of magnesium

H⁺ impact single and He²⁺ impact single and double electron capture cross sections of magnesium atoms have been calculated in the modified binary encounter approximation (BEA). The accurate expressions of ion impact s_DE\sigma _{\Delta {E}} (cross section for energy transfer DE\Delta E) and Hartree-Fock momentum distributions of the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. On the basis of the present work it is concluded that inner shell captures by H⁺ and He²⁺ ions incident on magnesium atoms contribute partly to single electron capture and partly to transfer ionization cross sections. The calculated He²⁺ impact double electron capture cross sections of magnesium are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental observations. This indicates the success of the present theoretical approach in study of charge transfer cross sections of atoms as indirect mechanisms do not interfere with double electron capture processes in this case.     

Electron impact double ionization of Mg+ ions

Theoretical studies of electron impact double ionisation cross sections of Mg⁺ ions have been performed in the binary encounter approximation (BEA). Direct double ionisation has been investigated in the modified double binary encounter model. Ionization cross sections of different shells have been also calculated in order to analyse the contributions to double ionisation from ionisation-autoionization. The effect of the Coulombic field of the target ion on the incident electron has been considered in the present work. Accurate expression of σ _ΔE (cross-section for energy transfer ΔE) and Hartree-Fock velocity distributions for the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. The theoretical results show satisfactory agreement with the experimental observations.     

H<Superscript>+</Superscript><Emphasis Type="Bold">and He</Emphasis><Superscript>2+</Superscript> impact single and double ionization of lead

H⁺ and He²⁺ impact single and double ionization cross sections of ground state lead atoms have been calculated in the binary encounter approximation. Calculations of direct double ionization cross sections have been performed in the modified double binary encounter model. The accurate expressions of σ_ΔE (cross-section for energy transfer ΔE) and Hartree-Fock velocity distributions for the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. Contributions to double ionization from Auger effect following ionization of inner shells have been considered in the present work. Our H⁺ impact single and double ionization cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental observations. In calculations of He²⁺ impact cross sections, the present theoretical approach shows limited success in the experimentally investigated region (50–350 keV amu^-1).     

Double ionization of Sc<Superscript>+</Superscript>ions by electron impact

Electron impact double ionization cross-sections of Sc⁺ions have been calculated in the binary encounter approximation (BEA). Accurate expression of σ_ΔE(cross-section for energy transfer ΔE) and Hartree-Fock velocity distributions for the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. Direct double ionization from ejection of 3d and 4s electrons has been investigated in the modified double binary encounter model incorporating the focusing action of the target ion on the incident electron. The identification of the 3p shell whose ionization provides a major contribution to double ionization through ionization-autoionization is an interesting aspect of the present investigation. The theoretical results show satisfactory agreement with the experimental observations.     

Electron impact single ionization of copper

Electron impact single ionization cross sections of copper have been calculated in the binary encounter approximation using accurate expression for σ _ΔE as given by Vriens and Hartree-Fock momentum distribution for the target electron. The BEA calculation based on the usual procedure does not show satisfactory agreement with experiment in this case but a striking modification is found to be successful in explaining the experimental observations. The discrepancy is linked with the ionization of the 3d ¹⁰ electrons and probably effective single ionization does not take place from 3d shell of copper leading to smaller values of experimental cross sections.     

Electron impact ionization of positive ions

A binary encounter model with Vriens' expression for σ_ΔE and quantum mechanical velocity distribution for the bound electron has been used to calculate electron impact ionization cross sections for ions. The calculated cross sections agree well with experimental observations.     

Single and double ionization of neon 2s- and 2p-subshells by proton and electron impact

Absolute single and double ionization cross sections of neon 2s- and 2p-subshells for proton (40–900 keV) and electron impact (0.2–10 keV) have been measured using photon spectroscopy in the spectral range of the vacuum ultraviolet. Cross sections for double ionization decrease more rapidly with increasing impact energy than cross sections for single ionization. No definite asymptotic energy dependence of a Bethe-Fano-plot could be found for double ionization in contrast to single ionization. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions of the shake-off model and Gryzinski's classical binary encounter theory. Better agreement is found with the latter, indicating that successive binary collisions have to be considered as a strong mechanism for double ionization by protons or electrons of the investigated energy range. Comparison is made with other experimental results for double ionization by photon impact or capture ionization by proton impact.     

Single and double ionization of gallium by electron impact

Electron impact single and double ionization cross sections of gallium have been calculated in the binary encounter approximation using accurate expression for σ_Δ;E including exchange and interference as given by Vriens and Hartree-Fock velocity distributions for the target electrons throughout the calculations. It is concluded that the ionization of 3d shell contributes partly to single ionization and partly to double ionization. The results so obtained show reasonably good agreement with the experimental data.     

The contribution ofK-electron capture for the production of highly charged Ne recoil ions by 156 MeV bromine impact

The recoil ion production cross sections in 2MeV/amu Br ⁿ⁺+Ne⁰→Br ^n′++Ne ^q+ were measured using a projectile ion — recoil ion coincidence technique where the final charge states of both collisions partners were detected simultaneously. Multiple ionization was found to be the dominant process for the production of low charge state recoil ions whereas the production of highly charged recoil ions is accompanied by electron capture from the Nek-shell. The derived ratio of single to double Ne-k electron capture probabilities indicates deviations from a binomial statistics distribution.     

Si2+离子与氢原子碰撞电离过程的CTMC计算

应用经典径迹蒙特卡罗方法研究Si²⁺离子与氢原子碰撞电离反应过程.计算了随 入射离子能量变化的总截面、出射电子随角度和能量变化的一阶、二阶微分截面,及出射电子随 入射离子能量变化的平均能量.根据计算结果,讨论展示了软碰撞、电子转移到入射离子连 续态、两体相遇碰撞等电离机理,阐明了它们对碰撞总截面、微分截面、电离电子能量的影 响.通过计算出射电子到入射离子和靶的距离比的电离电子数分布研究了不同入射离子能量 “鞍点”电离机理的可能性. 关键词： 重粒子碰撞过程 经典径迹蒙特卡罗方法 电离机理     

Single and double electron capture processes in slow Ne q+-He (q=10, 6) collisions

The cross sections for single and double electron capture to the states Ne⁹⁺ n) with n=3–6 and Ne⁸⁺(3l,n′l′), Ne⁸⁺(4l,n′l′) with n′⩾4 and also the cross sections for single electron capture to the states Ne⁵⁺(3) in collisions of Ne¹⁰⁺ and Ne⁶⁺ with He atoms are calculated for collision energies in the interval from 10 to 150 keV. The calculation is carried out in the multichannel Landau-Zener, Nikintin, and Landau-Zener-Chaplik models with allowance for the radial coupling of the channels at crossing points of the energies of the quasidiabatic twoelectron states of the quasimolecule. The energies of the two-electron states are calculated in the effective potential method to first order in perturbation theory in the residual electron-electron interaction. The energies of the adiabatic states in the neighborhoods of the crossings of quasidiabatic terms are determined by the configuration interaction method. It is found that in Ne¹⁰⁺-He collisions the electron is captured mainly to the n=5 state of the Ne⁹⁺ ion. The cross section for double electron capture to the 3lnl′ state (n⩾4) of the Ne⁸⁺ ion is an order of magnitude smaller than the cross section for single electron capture. The contribution to the total cross section for double electron charge transfer from the 4l4l′ 4l5l′, and 4l6l′ states is approximately 25%. The dependence of the cross sections for double electron charge transfer on the values of l and l′ is investigated. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 15–28 (January 1999)     

Measurements of evaporation residues and fission for 40Ar + 110Pd

Fusion cross sections for the reaction ⁴⁰Ar + ¹¹⁰Pd have been measured in the bombarding energy range 164–262 MeV. Evaporation residues and fission fragments have been detected by ΔE-E telescopes. We compare the fusion cross sections to various theoretical models with special attention to the high-energy data. An analysis is also given for entrance-channel spin zones for evaporation residues and fission.     

Détermination par spectroscopie auger,des sections efficaces d'ionisation de la couche L23 du magnésium et de l'aluminium sous impact d'ions He+

The L₂₃ Mg and L₂₃ Al Auger spectra excited by helium-ion bombardment have been studied. These spectra essentially show an intensive peak interpreted in terms of L₂₃ MM atomic-like and L₂₃ VV transitions. By integration of this peak, the Auger emission cross sections were determined and their variations as a function of the incident particle energy were studied from a few keV up to 100 keV. These results have been compared to the values of the ionization cross sections calculated in a classical binary encounter approximation (BEA). One observed a good agreement for the aluminium target. For the magnesium, the discrepancy in the low energy range shows that, in those case, the electronic promotion in a molecular orbital model added at the electronic excitation due to the direct Coulomb interaction.     

Electron impact double ionization of Fe+ and Fe3+

Electron impact double ionization cross-sections for Fe⁺ and Fe³⁺ have been calculated in the modified binary encounter model incorporating the effects of the Coulombic field of the target on the incident electron. Accurate expression of cross-section for energy transfer ΔE given by Vriens and Hartree-Fock velocity distributions for the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. The present results show satisfactory agreement with experimental observations. It is concluded that the discrepancy in the high energy region observed in the present calculations may be attributed to non-inclusion of indirect ionization processes arising from the L-shell.     

Ionization cross sections and rate coefficients for the ground state of AsI-like ions

Detailed level-by-level calculations of cross sections and rate coefficients for electron impact direct ionization and excitation-autoionization of AsI-like ions in the 3d ¹⁰4s ²4p ³ (⁴S_3/2) ground state have been performed. The cross sections are presented in the energy range near the threshold for the five ions Mo⁹⁺, Xe²¹⁺, Pr²⁶⁺, Dy³³⁺ and W⁴¹⁺. The rate coefficients are given for all the ions from Sr⁵⁺ to U⁵⁹⁺ in the AsI sequence at the seven electron temperatures (k T _e = 0.1E _I ,0.3E _I ,0.5E _I ,0.7E _I ,E _I ,2E _I and 10E _I , where E _I is the first ionization energy). The calculations include the contribution of direct ionization (DI) calculated using the Lotz formula approximation and the contributions of excitation-autoionization (EA) computed in the framework of the Distorted Wave (DW) approximation for the 4s ? nl, 3d ? nl and 3p ? nl resonant inner-shell excitations. The ionization enhancement due to the EA channels is presented as a function of Z along the AsI isoelectronic sequence. The present results show the great importance of the EA processes; an ionization enhancement factor of up to 6.5 is predicted for instance for Dy³³⁺ (Z = 66) at electron temperature of coronal equilibrium maximum abundance.     

Multiple scattering features in neon ion scattering spectra (ISS) from polycrystalline materials

A systematic investigation of multiple scattering from polycrystalline materials in ion scattering spectrometry was carried out using Ne⁺ at a scattering angle of 90° over the energy range of 100 to 2500 eV. It was found that the intensity of multi scattering shoulders increased with ion beam energy. The intensity at a given energy could be predicted on the basis of interatomic distances of the target. The larger the interatomic distance, the more intense the multi scattering shoulder. The separation of the double scattering shoulder from the binary peak decreased linearly with increasing mass, and the maximum of the shoulder to higher energies from the binary peak could be calculated by the relationship $\text{ΔE}\text{E}{}_0\text{= 0.166 ?(0.00064)M}$, where M is the mass of the target atom.     

Electron impact double ionization of Ba and Ba+

Electron impact double ionization cross-sections for Ba and Ba⁺ have been calculated in the binary encounter approximation. Hartree-Fock velocity distribution has been used for the first ejected electron and a hydrogenic velocity distribution for the second. For Ba⁺ the focusing effects of the target ion on the incident electron have been incorporated in the calculations. Contributions from ionization-autoionization to the ionization cross-sections, as observed in experiments, have been included in the present work. The calculated results show structures as observed in recent experiments.     

Ne+离子与Li原子碰撞过程中激发态的研究

本文通过观测Ne⁺离子与Li原子碰撞中的发射谱,对碰撞中的电子俘获和靶激发过程进行了研究。在可见光范围给出了所观察到的各条谱线的发射截面及相应上能级的激发截面。对电子俘获过程与能量亏损和靶原了电离势的关系进行了讨论。Ne⁺离子能量范围为20—150keV 关键词：     

Two-photon excitation/ionization of deep shells of multiply charged atomic ions

Absolute values and the shape of cross sections for two-photon one-electron excitation/ionization of the 1s shell of Ne⁶⁺ and Ne⁸⁺ ions, taking into account the relaxation of the atomic core in the field of resulting vacancies, are calculated. The many-particle stabilization of a deep vacancy in moving from a neutral atom to multiply charged ions is taken into account. The calculations are made for linear and circular polarizations of the incident laser beam. The results of the calculations are predictive.